Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:
AFP. Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik places flowers on a sand
sculpture he made in tribute to former South African president Nelson
Mandela. Digital image. The Telegraph. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This shows the care the people had for Mandela after his death. This image can
be found in the slideshow under "Conclusion".
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SOUTH AFRICA'S NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENT. N.p., 18 June 1992. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.
This quote from the ANC (African National Congress) shows the outrage at the
white minority rule shared by the black population. Can be found in Political
Actions.
Agyemen-Fisher, Abena. Boipatong Massacre. Digital image. SOUTH
AFRICAS BOIPATONG MASSACRE. Face to Face Africa, 17 June 2014.
Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
The cruelty of the white community against supporters of the ANC. It can be
found under His Actions.
Badsha, Omar. The 1991 ANC Conference held in Durban with Nelson
Mandela and Oliver Tambo The 1991 ANC Conference held in Durban
with Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo. Digital image. South African
History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. This shows Mandela and Oliver
Tambo at an ANC Meeting. The two are enshrouded by their supporters. This
image can be found in the slideshow under Conclusion.
"Boipatong Massacre - 17 June 1992 | South African History
Online."Boipatong Massacre - 17 June 1992 | South African History Online.
N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2015.
This website showed that Mandela getting involved in the situation with De
Klerk for what he did to his innocent people. This then started a chain of events
leading to many riots and bloodshed in South Africa. This can be found in
Boipatong Massacre.

Brauchli, David. Mandela delivers his victory speech to supporters. Digital

image. WUSA-9. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows Mandela using the Media to his advantage. Can be found
under Use of the Media.
"'Chris Hani Was Killed before He Could Expose Joe Modise' - City
Press."City Press. N.p., 08 Oct. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This showed us the reason people believe Chris Hani was murdered. This can be
found under Murder of Chris Hani.
Colourbox. CONSTITUTIONAL CELEBRATIONS. Digital image.
Universitas Bergensis News. N.p., 17 Nov. 2014. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows a statue of Nelson Mandela. Celebrations took place here on
the anniversary of the constitution. This image can be found under Creation of
a new Constitution.
Corbis. Nelson Mandela speaks to a crowd of 100,000 people in 1990 two
days after he was released from prison after 27 years. Digital image.Daily
Mail. N.p., 26 Feb. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This image shows Mandela speaking in front of a crowd 2 days after his release.
This image is located on the Home Page.
English, Greg. Digital image. Mail and Guardian. N.p., 26 June 2013. Web.
20 Feb. 2015.
This shows how many people cared about Mandela and crowded him when he
was released. This can be found in the slideshow under Conclusion.
Foster, Stu. France v New Zealand - IRB RWC 2011 Final. Digital
image.Zimbio. N.p., 22 Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This is an image of Francois Pienaar. It can be found under White Skepticism.
Getty Images. FW de Klerk and Nelson Mandela's relationship was marked
by mutual resentment. Digital image. The Telegraph. N.p., 6 Dec. 2013.
Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This image shows that they don't trust each other. This image can be found
under His Actions.

Getty Images. Mandela becomes national president of the ANC Youth

League. Digital image. MJ-Upbeat. N.p., 5 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows Young Mandela becoming president of the ANC youth
league. This image can be found in the slideshow under Conclusion.
Getty Images. Nelson Mandela at his first press conference after his release
from jail in 1990. Digital image. Daily Record. N.p., 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 20
Feb. 2015.
This image shows Mandela giving his signature salute. This salute is probably
the most well known symbol in his fight against apartheid. This image can be
found in the Conclusion.
Getty Images. Nelson Mandela makes a speech at the "46664 - Give One
Minute of Your Life to AIDS" concert. Digital image. Belfast Telegraph.
N.p., 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
Nelson Mandela gives a speech to support AIDS. a cause of which he cared very
much about. This image can be found in the slideshow under Conclusion.
Getty Images. Nelson Mandela's grandsons Ndaba and Mandla Mandela
look at the coffin as they attend the funeral ceremony of the South African
former president. Digital image. Nelson Mandela Is Laid to Rest in His
Childhood Home. Daily Mail, 14 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This image shows the love of Mandela's people for him and how much they
cared about him because of what he had done for Africa. This image can be
found under Legacy.
Getty Images. Prisoners breaking rocks and sewing clothes in 1964. Digital
image. The Independent. N.p., 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This shows the cruel daily routine for prisoners at Robben island. Mandela went
through this for 18 years. This image can be found in the slideshow under
Conclusion.
Getty Images. A sign segregates a beach. Digital image. Quora. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
It shows the use of Apartheid in South Africa. This image can be found under
"Thesis".

Getty Images. U.S. President Bill Clinton, left, shakes hands with South
African President Nelson Mandela, 1998. Digital image. Newsweek. N.p., 5
Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows Bill Clinton and Mandela shaking hands. This shows that
mandela was well liked across the globe. This image can be found in the
slideshow under Conclusion.
Hallet, George. Opening of the First Democratic Parliament. Digital
image.Nelson Mandela Images and Documents from the UCT Collections.
N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This is a picture of Nelson Mandela's first Democratic Parliament. This image
can be found in the slideshow under "Conclusion".
How Mandela Responded to the Assassination of Chris Hani. Perf. Alan
Little, Nelson Mandela, Roelf Meyer. BBC, n.d. YouTube. Web. 16 Feb.
2015.
This video showed how Mandela used orating skills along with the media in
order to unite South Africa. This can be found under Use of the Media.
Jackson, Chris. Francois Pienaar arrives at the Grand Opening of the new
One & Only Cape Town resort on April 2, 2009. Digital image. Zimbio. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This is a picture of Francois Pienaar. This image can be found under "His
Actions".
Julian, Gerard. Nelson Mandela and South Africa's last apartheid
President Frederik de Klerk, displaying to journalists their Nobel Peace
Prizes. Digital image. News.com. N.p., 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
Mandela and De Klerk win the Nobel peace prize. This image is located on the
Home page.
Keller, Bill. "Chapter 5 The Road to Power." Tree Shaker: The Story of
Nelson Mandela. Boston: Kingfisher, 2008. 63-75. Print.
This book was very useful because it provided us with a lot of information that
soon brought us to our newly improved thesis statement. We also used a quote.
You can find the quote under White Skepticism. Some other information from
this book can be found under Creation of a New Constitution, Boipatong
Massacre, and Murder of Chris Hani.

Keller, Bill. "Democracy vs. Dictator in Apartheid 'Homeland'" New York

Times 10 Sept. 1992: n. pag. Print.
This article helped us understand the different parties in apartheid.
Krog, Halden. A glowing Nelson Mandela and Graa Machel at their
residence in Houghton, Johannesburg,. Digital image. City Press. N.p., 8
Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows Mandela and his third wife Graa Machel. This image can be
found in the slideshow under "Conclusion".
"The Life and Legacy of Nelson Mandela: 1918-2013." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 04 Dec. 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.
This website explained the major events in Nelson Mandela's life and the major
chaotic events that took place in South Africa. That is how we came to know
about the 3 different chaotic events: Boipatong Massacre, Murder of Chris
Hani, and White Skepticism.
Littelton, Phillip. African National Congress (ANC) supporter
demonstrates outside the Rand Supreme Court. Digital image.
Remembering Chris Hani. ENCA, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This shows the readiness that the blacks had for the civil war. Can be found
under The Murder of Chris Hani.
Littelton, Phillip. Newly elected secretary general of South African
Communist Party (SACP) Chris Hani speaks at a press conference. Digital
image. Remembering Chris Hani. ENCA, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This image shows Chris Hani looked like before he was killed by a white
extremist. This can be found under Murder of Chris Hani.
"Mandela and De Klerk Agree to Restart Talks." Mandela and De Klerk
Agree to Restart Talks. South African History Online, 21 Sept. 1992. Web. 16
Feb. 2015.
This website showed how Mandela and De Klerk began talks once again.
Mandela, Nelson. A long Walk to Freedom. N.p.: Back Bay Bocks, 1995.
Print.
This book provided us with a quote. This quote can be found on the Home
Page.

Mandela, Nelson, and Nelson Mandela. Mandela: An Illustrated

Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996. Print.
This book was written by Mandela at Robben Island and it was very important
because it gave us very important quotes which we in the beginning and the end
of our website. This was used in the Conclusion page.
Mandela, Nelson R. "Address by Nelson Mandela to the United Nations
Security Council." United Nations Security Council,. New York. 16 Feb.
2015. Speech.
This speech was essential into convincing De Klerk and the white minority to
agree upon the record of understanding. This information can be found under
Political Action.
"Mandela Suspends Talks in the Wake of Boipatong Massacre." Mandela
Suspends Talks in the Wake of Boipatong Massacre | South African History
Online. South African History Online, 21 June 1992. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.
This shows that Mandela does not trust the stubborn De Klerk forcing him to
suspend talks with De Klerk.
Marinovich, Greg. Nelson Mandela wears traditional Xhosa attire during
part of his campaign tour. Digital image. Greg Marinovich. N.p., n.d. Web.
20 Feb. 2015.
This shows Mandela in traditional clothing. This image can be found in the
slideshow under "Conclusion".
MULLER, JEAN-PIERRE. Nelson Mandela's influence was decisive in
South Africa earning hosting rights for the 2010 World Cup. Digital
image.Nelson Mandela Used Sports to Unite Racially Divided South Africa.
Daily News, 5 Dec. 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.
This image is a symbol of the new unity of both blacks and whites. This image
can be found under Connection Through Sport.
"Nelson Mandela Moving Words." BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 20 Feb.
2015.
This website gave us a quote. This quote can be found under Murder of Chris
Hani.

Nelson Mandela Speech That Changed the World. Perf. Nelson

Mandela.Youtube. Laureus, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This speech shows how Mandela was related to sport and how sport can change
the world. This speech/video can be found under "Connection Through Sport".
Nelson Mandela: What Legacy Does He Leave Behind? Perf. Fergal Keane,
Tembelani Nodada,Lulu Boxala. BBC, 2013. Online Video.
This showed Mandela left a large legacy behind. This information can be found
under Legacy.
Nelson Mandela: Carrying on His Legacy. Perf. Nelson Mandela and Ban
Ki-Moon. Youtube. United Nations, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This video explained to us what Mandela's legacy was and how the people
reacted to it. This can be found under Legacy. This video can be found under
Legacy.
Probst, Michael. Former South African President Nelson Mandela lifts the
World Cup. Digital image. Juneau Empire. Com. N.p., 8 Dec. 2013. Web. 20
Feb. 2015.
This shows Mandela holding the FIFA World cup. This image can be found on
the Home Page.
"A Quote by Nelson Mandela." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This website gave us with a quote. This quote can be found under Boipatong
Massacre.
"A Quote by Nelson Mandela." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This website gave us with a quote. This quote can be found under Creation of a
new Constitution.
"A Quote by Nelson Mandela." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This website provided a quote. This quote can be found under Use of the
Media.
"A Quote by Nelson Mandela." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This website provided a quote. This quote can be found under Connection
Through Sport.

"A Quote by Nelson Mandela." Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This website provided a quote. This quote can be found under Political
Action.
Reuters. Nelson Mandela was well known for his rousing speeches. Digital
image. Express. N.p., 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows how Mandela used the Media to his advantage. This image
can be found under "His Actions".
Rex Features. Nelson and Winnie Mandela on their wedding day in 1958.
Digital image. The Telegraph. N.p., 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This photo shows Mandela and his second wife Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.
This image can be found in the slideshow under Conclusion.
Samson, Trevor. Nelson Mandela raising fist while addressing in Tokoza a
crowd of residents. Digital image. Here and Now. 90.9 Wbur, 6 Dec. 6. Web.
20 Feb. 2015.
This image shows Nelson Mandela. The image can be found under "Home".
Smith, David. "Francois Pienaar: 'When the Whistle Blew, South Africa
Changed Forever'" The Guardian. The Guardian, 8 Dec. 2013. Web. 17
Feb. 2015.
In this website Francois Pienaar explained his feelings for Mandela throughout
his life. This can be found under White Skepticism.
Sudhakaran, Pernaca. Vice-Chairman of the African National Congress,
Nelson Mandela. Digital image. UNESCO. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This image shows Mandela giving a speech and criticizing De Klerk. This
image can be found under "Political Action".
U.S Department of State. Remembering the Legacy of President Nelson
Mandela. U.s Department of State. N.p., 4 Dec. 2014. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
In this press release John Kerry expresses his feelings towards Nelson Mandela.
The quote we used can be found under Legacy.
Velasco, Paul. Boipatong massacre funeral. Digital image. Paul Velasco
Portfolio. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows the Boipatong Massacre Funeral that occurred after the
Massacre led by De Klerk. This image can be found under "Boipatong
Massacre".

Secondary Sources:
"African American Leader Nelson Mandela." African American Leader
Nelson Mandela. Weebly, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
This website was useful because it summed up Mandela's life into a paragraph
allowing us to use it in the home page. This can be found on the Home page.