FUTUREGUIDE FIBER

FIBER
FUTUREGUIDE

FutureGuide

Fujikura's Technologies of
Optical Fiber

JDJI
JDJI

History of Optical Fiber Development

at Fujikura
Contribution to the Worldwide Optical Fiber Development
1000

Loss (dB/km)

500

STC
Dr. Kao
WO RLD WI D E FI B ER LO SS RED U CTI O N
REPO RTED B EST D A TU M I N EA CH

100
50

Corning

10

Re ac h e d by FUJIKURA
as th e first in t h e world

1977

AT&T
Bell Lab

IEE, Electronics Letter

Best Paper Award

1
0.5
0.1
68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

1972 Fujikura Started R&D of Optical Fiber

1976 Ultra-low Loss Optical Fiber (0.47dB/km)
1977 VAD Preform Making Method
IEE, UK, Electronics Letters Best Paper Award
Ultra-low Loss Optical Fiber

80 Year

1977

VAD Preform Making Method

JDJI

History of Optical Fiber Development

at Fujikura
Contribution to the Worldwide Optical Fiber Development

1980
1981
1982
1984
1985
1987
1990
1997
2002

Fusion Splicer for SM Fiber

Polarization Maintaining Fiber (PANDA Fiber)
Creswell Award, Australia Optical Fiber Communications
Wire Association, USA, Best Paper Award
Manufacturing Technology of OPGW
Dispersion-Shifted Singlemode Fiber (G.653)
Slotted Core Type of Ribbon Fiber Cable
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber (G.655)
Ultra Large Aeff NZDSF & Ultra Small Dispersion Slope NZDSF

1980

1981

1984

OPGW

1987
1000f
Ribbon
Cable

3000f
Ribbon
Cable

1990

Fusion Splicer
Worldwide No. 1 Share

PANDA Fiber

EDFA

JDJI

Optical Fibers
Fujikuras Optical Fiber Technology & Products

VAD method

MM fiber

:G.651

SM fiber

:G.652B

LWP fiber

:G.652D

DS fiber

:G.653

NZ-DS fiber

MCVD
method

PCVD
method

Three (3) Preform Manufacturing Methods in Fujikura

:G.655
:G.656 (New)

WDM
Specialty fiber for WDM
PANDA fiber
DCF
Er-doped fiber for EDFA
others

Image fiber

JDJI

Fujikuras Optical Fibers (FutureGuide)

Optical Fibers

Type of Fibers & Features

2

Type of Fiber

FutureGuide -USS

Application

Ultra Small-Dispersion-Slope NZ-DSF (Dispersion Slope: 0.02 ps/(nm km))

Complying with ITU-T G.656
Metropolitan DWDM Utilizing the S-, C- & L-Bands
2

Type of Fiber Ultra Large-Effective-Area & Medium-Dispersion NZ-DSF (Ae ff: 95 m )

Application
Long-Distance High-Capacity DWDM Utilizing the S-, C- & L-Bands

FutureGuide -ULA

1)

Type of Fiber Small-Dispersion-Slope NZ-DSF (ITU-T G.655) (Dispersion Slope: 0.05 ps/(nm km))
Application
Long-Distance DWDM Optical Transmission in the C- & L-Bands

2)

Type of Fiber Large-Effective-Area NZ-DSF (ITU-T G.655) (Ae ff: 72 m )

Application
Long-Distance DWDM in the C- & L-Bands

FutureGuide -SS
FutureGuide -LA

FutureGuide -DS

FutureGuide -LWP

Type of Fiber Dispersion-Shifted Single-Mode Fiber (ITU-T G.653)

Application
Long-Distance Optical Transmission in the 1,550nm Window
3)

Type of Fiber Low-Water-Peak Single-Mode Fiber (ITU-T G.652. D)

Application
DWDM/CWDM Optical Transmission for Metro Networks

Type of Fiber Single-Mode Fiber (ITU-T G.652. B)

Application
Large-Capacity & Low-Loss Optical Transmission in the 1,310nm and 1,550nm Windows

Type of Fiber Small-Bending-proof(R=15mm), High Reliability SM Fiber (ITU-T G.652. B)

Application
Optical cord and cable for FTTH/Premises/LAN

Type of Fiber Small-Bending-proof(R=15mm), High Reliability LWP SM Fiber (ITU-T G.652. D)

Application
Optical cord and cable for FTTH/Premises/LAN

Type of Fiber Multi Mode Fiber with 50 m (IEC 60793-10 A1a) or 62.5 m (A1a)of Core Diameter
Application
Short-Reach Optical Transmission for LAN in Offices and Premises

FutureGuide -SM
FutureGuide -SR15
FutureGuide -SR15E
FutureGuide -MM

1) Compatible with OFSs (Lucents) TrueWave RS

2) Compatible with Cornings LEAF
3) Compatible with OFSs (Lucents) AllWave or Cornings SMF-28e

For further information, please visit http://www.fujikura.co.jp

JDJI

ITU-T News on G.656 Recommendation

New Standard G.656 Gives Operators Brighter Future
30 April 2004, Geneva - ITU has set a global standard for a new optical fiber that will make it easier for network operators to
deploy bandwidth to maximize technology in core networks. The development of standards in this area is important if network
operators are to reduce costs and provide more innovative services to customers.
The new standard, ITU-T G.656 (Characteristics of a fiber and cable with Non-Zero Dispersion for Wideband Optical Transport),
is another significant step in the evolution of optical networks, because it allows a more economical deployment of optical transport
networks.
G.656 will allow the easier deployment of Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) in metropolitan areas, and increase the
capacity of fiber in Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) systems. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)
increases the data carrying capacity of an optical fiber by allowing simultaneous operation at more than one wavelength.
G.656 allows operators using CWDM to deploy systems without the need to compensate for chromatic dispersion, a phenomenon
that at low levels counteracts distortion, but at high-levels can make a signal unusable. Although complicated, the management of
chromatic dispersion is crucial as the number of wavelengths used in WDM systems increase. ITU has a history of providing the
specifications that allow operators to most efficiently handle this.
G.656 also means that at least 40 more channels can be added to DWDM systems. In this case chromatic dispersion
is used to control harmful interference over this - unprecedented - range of the optical spectrum.
The most important new feature in Recommendation G.656 fiber is the chromatic dispersion coefficient. In G.656 this coefficient
has an allowed range of 2 to 14 ps/nm*km in the 1460-1625 nm band, compared to 1 to 10 ps/nm*km for G.655.B and G.655.C
which is only related to the 1530-1565 nm band. This low value of the chromatic dispersion coefficient in the S-C-L bands is the
real novelty of G.656 because it allows the utilization of a larger wavelength band.
The other characteristics are very similar to previous Recommendations. The range of mode field diameter permitted in G.656 of 7
to 11 m compares to 8 to 11 m in the G.655 non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber. G.656 fiber has a maximum PMD link design value
of 0.20 ps/sqrtkm, which is the lowest value recommended by ITU-T (the same value that ITU-T recently adopted for G.655.C).
G.656 has the same cable cut-off wavelength and cable attenuation coefficients in the C and L bands as G.655.
ITU-T G.656 is the most recent in the G-series which specifies the geometrical, physical, mechanical and transmission
characteristics of the optical fibers.
Source URL: http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/news/g656v4.html

JDJI

Recent Trend of DWDM System

Narrowing Channel Spacing (Increasing Spectral Efficiency)
Channel Spacing
200GHz
100 GHz
50 GHz
25 GHz
(1.6nm)

(0.8nm)

(0.4nm)

(0.2nm)

yIncreasing Bit-Rate per Channel

2.5 Gb/s
10 Gb/s
40 Gb/s
(STM-16)

(STM-64)

(STM-256)

Broadening Operational Wavelength Range

C-band

C+L-bands

(15301565nm)

(15651625nm)

S+ C+L-bands

WDM Signal Bands

(14601625nm)

Expanding Transmission (3R) Distance

(for Tbit/s Class Transmission)

S-band
1460

C-band

L-band

1530
1565
Wavelength [nm]

1625

G.655

Characteristics to Be Improved
(i) Nonlinearity
(ii) Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
(iii) Chromatic Dispersion

G.656

JDJI

Nonlinear Optical Effects

Physical Characteristic Change Proportional to Optical Power
Refractive Index Change,Wavelength Conversion
Signal Distortion, Power Attenuation
Large Effective Area (Aeff)
Effective for Nonlinearity Suppression

Nonlinear Optical Effects

P Leff
Aeff
P Leff
1
n2 ,
,
Aeff
D
n2 ,

P Leff
Aeff

P Leff
Aeff

SPMSelf-Phase Modulation
XPMCross-Phase Modulation

Power Distribution

Input Signal
Power P

FWMFour-Wave Mixing
SBSStimulated Brillouin Scattering
SRSStimulated Raman Scattering

Effective Area Aeff

n2: Nonlinear Effective Index Coefficient, Leff=(1-e-aL)/a: Effective Fiber Length,

Aeff: Effective Area, D: Chromatic Dispersion Coefficient
JDJI

Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)

Light Generated by FWM
High Chromatic Dispersion
(> 2 ps/nm/km)

In the Case of Dispersion 0,

Velocity difference between neighbor
Light is Generated.
New Generated Light
channels is small.
Large FWM

When Lights with

Frequencies
1, 2, 3
Propagate at almost
Equal Velocity,

=2 1- 2

Noise
Effective for FWM Suppression

with Frequency
4 = 1+2-3

4
=2 -
2 1

Frequency (Wavelength)

In the case of Higher Dispersion

Velocity difference is large.
FWM is suppressed.
FWM Generation Efficiency (dB)

Chromatic Dispersion D
= 0 ps/nm/km

-10

0.2

-20
2

-30
17

-40

R. Jopson, OFC2000
-50
0.0

0.5 0.8 1.0

1.5
2.0
Channel Spacing (nm)

2.5

JDJI

Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)

Refractive Index Changes with Optical Intensity Change by Modulation
Spectrum Broadening Originated by Red & Blue Shifts
Broadened Signal is Distorted by Chromatic Dispersion Effect
Refractive Index Increasing where
Optical Power is Strong.
Light Velocity Decrease

Red Shift
Blue Shift
(Wavelength Shift to Longer) (Wavelength Shift to Shorter)

Time

After Propagating
of Distance L

High Bit Rate (40Gb/s)

High Dispersion
(>10 ps/nm/km)

Time

Larger SPM
JDJI

DGD & PMD Requirements Based on System Requirement

DGD: Differential Group Delay (IEC61282-3)

Group Delay (ps) between Fast and Slow Axes
at Arbitrary Wavelength =slow - fast
DGD coefficient=DGD/ L(LLine Length)

Slow

Fast

PMD

In

Mean Value of DGD over Wavelength (ps) < >

PMD coefficient=PMD/ L(L Line Length)

System Requirements on DGD (ITU-T G.691)

max. of DGD

Out

Path Penalty due to DGD in the Worst Case

1dB

STM-162.5Gbps

STM-25640Gbps

Equal to 30% of Bit Period (T)

120ps

STM-6410Gbps
max. of DGD 30ps

Signal Distortion

7.5ps?

IN
For STM-64 (10 Gbps) (ITU-T G.652 & G.655)
DGDmax. 25ps
PMDq < 0.5ps/ km
(400 km Link Length)

= 0.3
T

OUT

JDJI

Limitation of Transmission Distance

by PMD
10 4

LPMD ( km ) =

PMD-limited Distance (km)

[BitRate (Gb / s )PMD ( ps /

km

100,000
10,000
1,000
400
100

10 Gb/s

10

40 Gb/s

2.5 Gb/s

100 Gb/s

0.1
0.01

0.1

STM64 (10Gb/s)

0.5

1
PMD (ps/ km )

10

PMDq<0.5ps/ km

(400km Transmission) (G.652 & G.655)

JDJI

Limitation of Transmission Distance

by Dispersion
104,000

L Dispersion ( km ) =

Dispersion-limited Distance (km)

[Bit Rate (Gb / s)]

D (ps/(nmkm))

100,000

10,000
2.5 Gb/s

1,000
10 Gb/s

100
40 Gb/s

10

100 Gb/s

0.1

10

100

Dispersion(ps/(nmkm))
JDJI

Requirements on the fibers for WDM system

(1) Small Non-linearity
(for Long-distance)

Large Effective Area (Aeff) FutureGuide-ULA

Operation at Non-Zero
FutureGuide-LA
Dispersion Region

(2) Uniformity of
Characteristics
(for Dense WDM (DWDM))

Small Dispersion Slope

Low Attenuation
in Longer Wavelength

FutureGuide-USS
(ITU-T G.656)
FutureGuide-SS

(3) Small Signal Dispersion

(for High Bit-Rate40Gbps)

Dispersion and Slope

Compensation
Low PMD

FutureGuide-ULA
FutureGuide-USS
(ITU-T G.656)

(4) Low Cost & Large

Capacity
(for Metropolitan)

(1) For DWDM

Small Dispersion Slope
for S, C & L bands
(2) For CWDM
(Coarse WDM)
Full-Spectrum
Utilization

FutureGuide-USS
(ITU-T G.656)
FutureGuide-LWP
(ITU-T G.652D)

JDJI

Characteristics of Chromatic Dispersion

65

Fujikuras FutureGuide-LA
Cornings LEAF (Aeff: 72m2)

14.0

74

Fujikuras FutureGuide-ULA
(Aeff: 95m2)

12.0
10.0
8.0

87

Fujikuras FutureGuide-SS
OFSs (Lucents) TrueWaveRS
(Dispersion Slope: 0.05ps/(nm2km))

104

Alcatels TeraLight
Sumitomos PureGuide

130

(Aeff: 63m2)

6.0

173
Fujikuras FutureGuide-USS

4.0

260

(Dispersion Slope: 0.02ps/(nm2km))

ITU-T G.656

2.0

520

Transmission Distance without DCF

at 10 Gbps/ch [km]

Chromatic dispersion [ps/(nm km)]

16.0

FWM Influence

0
1460

S-band

C-band

1530

L-band

1565

1625

Wavelength [nm]
JDJI

Design Characteristics of Terrestrial WDM Fibers

FutureGuide-LA 1)

FutureGuide-ULA

FutureGuide-SS 2)

FutureGuide-USS
ITU-T G.656

FutureGuide-LWP 3)
(Low Water PeakSMF)

Large Aeff

Ultra Large Aeff

Medium Dispersion

Small Dispersion
Slope

Ultra Small
Dispersion Slope

Full-Spectrum
Utilization

C- & L-bands

S-, C- & L-bands

C- & L-bands

S-, C- & L-bands

O-, E-, S-, C- &

L-bands

Mode Field Diameter (m)

9.6 0.4
at 1550nm

9.5 0.4
at 1550nm

8.40.6
at 1550nm

7.7 0.4
at 1550nm

9.20.4
at 1310nm

Effective Area Aeff (m2)

72 (Typical)

95 (Typical)

55 (Typical)

45 (Typical)

80 (Typical)

Attenuation at 1550 nm (dB/km)

< 0.22

< 0.22

0.22

< 0.22

< 0.20

Attenuation at 1625 nm (dB/km)

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.23

Attenuation at 1383 nm (dB/km)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

0.31* (Type A)
0.35* (Type B)

Attenuation vs. Wavelength(1525-1575nm)

(dB/km)

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Chromatic Dispersion 1530-1565 nm

(ps/(nm km))

2.0 - 6.0

6.5 - 13.0

2.6 - 6.0

4.0 7.0

---

Chromatic Dispersion 1565-1625 nm

(ps/(nm km))

4.5 - 11.2

---

4.0 - 8.9

---

---

Dispersion Slope at 1550 nm

(ps/(nm2 km))

0.09

0.07

0.05

0.02

0.09

Polarization Mode Dispersion (ps/km)

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

---

---

---

---

---

0.08

Type of Fiber
Features
Application

PMD Link Design Value (ps/km)

1) Compatible with Cornings LEAF

2) Compatible with OFSs (Lucents) TrueWave RS
3) Compatible with OFSs (Lucents) AllWave or Cornings SMF-28e

* After H2 Aging

JDJI

Construction of Optical Communication Networks

FutureGuide-ULA

Ultra Long Haul (10,000km)

Long Haul (1,000km)

Ultra Large Aeff

95m2

FutureGuide-USS
Ultra Small Dispersion Slope
0.02 ps/(nm2)km at 1550nm

(ITU-T G.656)

FutureGuide-LWP
Full-Spectrum
Utilization

Metro Backbone
(200km)
Metro Access
50km)
Access/LAN
(a few km)
JDJI

FUTUREGUIDE FIBER
FIBER
FUTUREGUIDE

FutureGuide -USS
Ultra-Small Dispersion-Slope NZ-DSF
(ITU-T G.656)

JDJI
JDJI

Requirements on Fibers for Metropolitan Networks

Transmission
Capacity Expansion

Introducing DWDM system

Upgrading Bit rate 10Gb/s

Developing New Wavelength

Range (L-Band, S-Band)

Introducing wideband
NZ-DSF
(ITU-T G.656)

Key

Low Cost

Eliminating or Reducing
Dispersion Compensation
Suppressing Dispersion
Change with Temperature

Optimal Chromatic
Dispersion Coefficient
Small Dispersion Slope

Low-Cost DWDM Networks using NZ-DSF

JDJI

Requirements in Brand-new ITU-T G.656 Recommendation

ITU-T G.656 was approved in June, 2004.
G.656 stipulates the utilization of S-, C-, L-bands, while only C-band is satisfied in G.655.
The most important new feature in recommendation G.656 fiber is the chromatic
dispersion coefficient. In G.656, this coefficient has an allowed range of 2 to 14 ps/nm/km
in the 1460-1625 nm band, while 1 to 10 ps/nm/km only in the 1530-1565 nm band for
G.655.
The range of nominal mode field diameter specified in G.656 is from 7 to 11 m,
while 8 to 11 m in the G.655 non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber.
The other characteristics of G.656 are similar to those of G.655.

Comparison of Requirements in G.655 or G.656

Application
Chromatic Dispersion
(ps/(nmkm))
Nominal MFD (mm)

G.655

G.656

C-Band

S-, C- and L-Band

1 - 10 (1530-1565nm)

2 - 14 (1460-1625nm)

8 - 11 (1550nm)

7 - 11 (1550nm)
JDJI

Brand-new ITU-T G.656 Recommendation

Chromatic Dispersion (ps/nm/km)

S-Band C-Band L-Band

16
14

ITU-T G.656

12

Cornings LEAF
(DS: 0.085ps/(nm2km))
ITU-T G.655

10
8

ITU-T G.655

6
4

Fujikuras FutureGuide-USS

(Dispersion Slope: 0.018ps/(nm2km))

ITU-T G.656

0
1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

Wavelength (nm)

FutureGuide-USS is Complying with ITU-T G.656

JDJI

FutureGuide-USS (Complying with ITU-T G.656)

(for Next Generation Metropolitan Network)
DWDM (S-, C- & L- Bands)

Ultra Small
Dispersion Slope for
S-, C- & L- Bands

74

OFSs TrueWave Reach

12.0
10.0

Alcatels TeraLight,
Sumitomos PureGuide

(DS: 0.040ps/(nm2km))
ITU-T G.656

87
104

(DS: 0.052ps/(nm2km))
ITU-T G.656

8.0

130

6.0

173
Fujikuras FutureGuide-USS

4.0
2.0
0
1460

(Dispersion Slope: 0.018ps/(nm2km))

ITU-T G.656

520

Lower Chromatic Dispersion in ITU-T G.656

S-band

L-band

C-band

1530

1565

Wavelength [nm]

260

Transmission Distance without DCF

at 10 Gbps/ch [km]

Upper Chromatic Dispersion in ITU-T G.656

14.0

Chromatic Dispersion (ps/nm/km)

(i) 150km x 10Gb/s without DCF

(ii) Upgrading to 40 Gb/s with Commerciallyavailable SC-DCF for SM Fiber

1625
JDJI

Upgrading to 40Gb/s Using FutureGuide-USS

Chromatic Dispersion (ps/nm/km)

Upgrading to 40 Gb/s with Commercially-Available SC-DCF for SM Fiber

1) Small Dispersion Change with Temperature
Small Dispersion slope
2) SC-DCF for SM Fiber is Applicable
Optimal RDS (Disp. / Disp. Slope)

0.2

Allowance dispersion range for 40Gb/s250 km

(Including Temperature Effect)

0.1
0.0

Example of dispersion
characteristics after
dispersion compensation

-0.1
-0.2
1520

The chromatic dispersion change with

temperature change of 100C
Satisfying the allowable dispersion range

1540

1560
1580
Wavelength (nm)

1600

1620
JDJI

Comparison of G.656 NZ-DSFs

Fujikura's

Alcatel's

OFS's

FutureGuide -USS

Teralite

TrueWave Reach

S-, C- & L-bands,

DWDM

S-, C- & L-bands,

DWDM

S-, C- & L-bands,

DWDM

7.7 (Typical)

9.2 (Typical)

8.6 (Typical)

45 (Typical)

63 (Typical)

55 (Typical)

0.23

0.22

0.22

0.26

0.25

0.24

vs. wavelength (1460-1575 nm, 1625 nm (dB/km)

0.1

---

0.05

Chromatic Dispersion 1460-1625 nm (ps/(nm km))

+2.0 - +8.0

+2.0 - +13.4)*

(+2.0 - +11.4)*

1530-1565 nm (ps/(nm km))

+4.0 - +7.0

+5.5 - +10.0

+5.5 - +8.9

1565-1625 nm (ps/(nm km))

---

+7.5 - +13.4

+6.9 - +11.4

1450

1300

1325

0.0033 (Typical)

0.0065 (Typical)

0.0055 (Typical)

0.018 at 1550nm
(Typical)

0.052 at 1550nm
(Typical)

0.040 at 1550nm
(Typical)

0.1

---

0.1

Type of Fiber

Application
MFD at 1550 nm ( m)
2

Effective Area Aeff ( m )

Attenuation at 1550 nm (dB/km)
at 1625 nm (dB/km)

Cable Cutoff Wavelength (nm)

RDS**
2

Dispersion Slope (ps/(nm km))

Polarization Mode Dispersion (ps/ km)

* Not Specified (Fujikuras Estimation)

** RDS of SMF : 0.0033 (Typical)
JDJI

Features of FutureGuide-USS
FutureGuide-USS
Suitable for Wideband (S-, C- & L-Bands) Metropolitan
DWDM Network
Complying with ITU-T G.656
Features
Ultra-Small Dispersion Slope
Small Dispersion Change with Temperature

Same RDS as SM fiber

40Gb/s Transmission with Commercially-Available SC-DCF for SMF

Small Chromatic Dispersion

150km x 10Gb/s Transmission without DCF (Even in L-Bnad)

JDJI

FUTUREGUIDE FIBER
FIBER
FUTUREGUIDE

FutureGuide -ULA
Ultra Large-Effective-Area
& Medium-Dispersion NZ-DSF

JDJE
JDJI

FutureGuide-ULA
Ultra Large
Effective Area
Aeff: 95m2

Effective to
Minimize Influence
of Nonlinear Optical
Effects

Long-Distance
Wideband

Chromatic dispersion (ps/nm/km)

(for Next Generation Long-Distance Network)

25
S

20
SMF (G.652)

15
10

(Aeff: 95m2)

Alcatel TeraLight
(Aeff: 63m2)

Cornings LEAF

5
0
1450

FutureGuide-ULA

(Aeff: 72m2)

FWM Influence
1500

1550
1600
Wavelength (nm

1650

(S-, C- & L-bands)

DWDM
JDJI

Requirements on Fibers for Long-Distance

DWDM Systems
Transmission
Capacity Expansion

Developing New Wavelength

Range (L-Band, S-Band)

Higher Bit Rate

10Gb/s
40Gb/s

Reducing Channel Spacing

0.8nm
0.4nm
0.2nm
(100GHz) (50GHz) (25GHz)

Zero-Dispersion
Wavelength
Small Dispersion
Slope

SPM Suppression

FWM
Suppression

Keys

(1)Suppression of Nonlinearity in Fibers

(2)Dispersion Slope Control
JDJI

FutureGuide-ULA and Conventional NZ-DSFs

Ultra Large Aeff (95m2 )
Small RDS
Lower Nonlinearity

Effective Area Aeff (m2)

110
100
90
80
70
60

Minimizing Nonlinearity Effect

Easy Dispersion Compensation
FutureGuide-ULA
(Aeff: 95m2)

Medium Dispersion
Cornings LEAF

SMF

(Aeff: 72m2)
Alcatel TeraLight
(Aeff: 63m2)

OFSs TrueWave RS

50
40

Larger FWM
0

Larger SPM
10

15

Chromatic Dispersion (ps/nm/km)

JDJI

Comparison of NZ-DSFs for Long Distance

Fujikura's

Corning's

Alcatel's

Sumitomo's

FutureGuide -ULA

TeraLight Ultra

PureGuide

Application

S-, C- & L-bands

S-, C- & L-bands

S-, C- & L-bands

C- & L-bands

Features

Ultra Large Aeff

Medium Dispersion
Low Dispersion Slope

Large Aeff
Medium Dispersion
Low Dispersion Slope

Large Aeff
Medium Dispersion
Low Dispersion Slope

Large Aeff

9.5 0.4

9.2 0.5

9.2 0.5

9.6 0.4

95 (Typical)

63 (Typical)

63 (Typical)

72 (Typical)

Attenuation at 1450nm (dB/km)

---

0.25

---

---

Attenuation at 1550 nm (dB/km)

0.22

0.21

0.22

0.25

Attenuation at 1625 nm (dB/km)

0.25

0.24

---

0.25

Attenuation at 1383 nm (dB/km)

1.0

0.7

---

1.0

vs. wavelength (1525-1575 nm, 1625 nm) (dB/km)

0.05

0.03 , 0.05

---

0.05

---

0.1

---

---

Chromatic Dispersion 1530-1565 nm (ps/(nm km))

+6.5 - +13.0

+5.5 - +10.0

+5.0 - +10.0

+2.0 - +6.0

Chromatic Dispersion 1565-1625 nm (ps/(nm km))

---

+7.5 - +13.4

---

+4.5 - +11.2

Chromatic Dispersion 1460-1625 nm (ps/(nm km))

+2.0 - +16.5

+1 - +13.4

---

---

1450

1300

---

---

0.07 at 1550nm
(Typical)

0.052 at 1550nm
(Typical)

0.063 at 1550nm

---

0.1

0.04
(Link Design Value)

0.2

0.1(Individual)
0.04
(Link Design Value)

Type of Fiber

MFD at 1550 nm ( m)
2

Effective Area Aeff ( m )

vs. wavelength (1440-1525 nm) (dB/km)

Cable Cutoff Wavelength (nm)

2

Dispersion Slope (ps/(nm km))

Polarization Mode Dispersion (ps/ km)

LEAF

1)

* 0.03 dB (@1525-1550, @1550-1575nm)

1) Compatible with Fujikuras FutureGuide-LA

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Features of FutureGuide-ULA
Ultra Large Effective Area (Aeff: 95m2)
Medium Chromatic Dispersion
(4~15 ps/nm/km @ 1460 ~ 1625 nm)
(10 ps/nm/km @ 1550 nm)
Maximum Suppression of Transmission
Impairments due to Nonlinear Optical Effects
Small Dispersion Slope (0.062 ps/nm2/km)
Easy Dispersion Compensation

JDJI

FUTUREGUIDE FIBER
FIBER
FUTUREGUIDE

FutureGuide -LWP

(Low Water Peak SM Fiber)

(ITU-T G.652 D)

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Requirements for Metropolitan Fiber

Low Cost
Network
Construction

Large
Capacity

Long Distance
Trunk Line
Demand Expansion of
Metropolitan / Access
Network
High Speed
Transmission

Convenience
for Installation
High
Reliability
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WDM for Metropolitan/Access Network

Low Cost
Network

Large Capacity

CWDM
ITU-T G.671 (2002)

Coarse Spectral Grids (20nm)

(i) Light Source

Uncooled Laser (Lower Accuracy)

(ii) Filter

No Need of Temperature Control

(iii) Easy Upgrade to DWDM

Low Water Peak Fiber is the most

suitable for CWDM System
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Spectral Grids for WDM

(1) Grids for DWDM (ITU-T G.694.1(2002.6))
0.8nm
1530

O-band

E-band

(1260-1360nm)

(1360-1460nm)

S-band

1565

C-band

1625

L-band

(1460-1530nm) (1530-1565nm) (1565-1625nm)

(2) Grids for CWDM (ITU-T G.694.2(2002.6))

20nm
1270

1290

1590

1610

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Usable Wavelength of Low Water Peak Fiber

1.0
Usable Wavelength
Attenuation (dB/km)

Conventional SM Fiber

New Operating Window

FutureGuide-LWP

Wavelength for CWDM

0.0
1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

Wavelength (nm)
Increase in Capacity by as much as 50 %
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Hydrogen Susceptibility
2.0

Spectral attenuation under H2 aging

1.8

1.4

Reversible absorption at 1240nm

Caused by interstitial H2 molecules

1.2
1.0
0.8

Permanent absorption at 1383nm

Caused by OH groups

0.6
0.4
0.2

1580

1550

1520

1490

1460

1430

1400

1370

1340

1310

1280

1250

1220

1190

1160

1130

0.0
1100

Attenuation (dB/km)

1.6

Wavelength (nm)
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Hydrogen Susceptibility
Water peak is generated due to OH-groups in the fiber
OH Groups

Originally generated in the fiber

In H2 atmosphere, OH groups increase in number due to
structural defects in SiO2 and GeO2 glass

In order to assure long-term reliability, H2 aging test is defined

in IEC 60793-2-50
LWPF

Minimize OH groups in the fiber

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Attenuation Increase Due to Defects in the Glass

O

Si(Ge)

OH-group Generation due to Defects

(i) NBOHC (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole Center)
Si(Ge)-OH + e
Si(Ge)-O + 1/2H2
Defects
(ii) POR (Peroxy Radical)
Si(Ge)-O-O-Si(Ge) + H2
Si(Ge)-OH + HO-Si(Ge)

Increase of Water Peak at 1383 nm

Unable to use as Low Water Peak Fiber
1.0

0.8

After H2 aging

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

Before H2 aging

0.1

Wavelength (nm)

1580

1550

1520

1490

1460

1430

1400

1370

1340

1280

1250

1220

1190

1160

0.0

1130

1550
1580

1520

1490

1460

1430

1400

1370

1340

1280
1310

1250

1220

1190

1160

1130

After H2 aging

Wavelength (nm)

Conventional SMF

0.9

1310

LWPF

1100

Before H2 aging

Attenuation (dB/km)

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1100

Attenuation (dB/km)

Hydrogen Susceptibility

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Comparison in Fiber Categories among Standards

GB/T 9771

IEC

ITU-T

Conventional SMF

B1.1

G.652A, B

GB/T 9771.1

Cut-off shifted SMF

B1.2

G.654

GB/T 9771.2

Enhanced Conventional
SMFLWPF

B1.3

G.652C, D

GB/T 9771.3

Dispersion shifted SMF

B2

G.653

GB/T 9771.4

Non-zero dispersion
shifted SMF

B4
-

G.655
G.656 (NEW)

GB/T 9771.5
-

(Chinese standard)

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Preform Producing Methods for LWPF

MCVD
PCVD

Difficult to Eliminate
Water from
Preform Completely

Ex.) MCVD Method

Quartz Tube
Gases

Burners
Ex.) VAD Method

More Suitable to
Make Low Water
Peak Fiber

Pull Up

VAD
OVD

Burner

Rotation

Fujikura is Adopting VAD Method

Low PMD due to Good Core-circularity,
Compared with OVD Method
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Comparison of Low Water Peak Fibers

Fujikura

Corning

FutureGuide-LWP

SMF-28e

VAD

OVD

at 1310nm

9.20.4

9.20.4

at 1550nm

10.40.5

10.40.5

at 1310nm

0.33-0.35

0.33-0.35

at 1550nm

0.19-0.20

0.19-0.20

Max. Attenuation* at 1383nm (dB/km)

0.31 (Type-A)

0.31-0.35

Zero Dispersion Slope (ps/(nm2 km))

0.089

0.089

PMDq (Link Design Value) (ps/km1/2)

0.08

0.08

Type of Fiber
Preform Making Method
MFD ( m)

Max. Attenuation (dB/km)

*After H2 aging

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Standard Specification of FutureGuide-LWP

Structual specifications

Optical specifications

Mode field diameter

Attenuation coefficient

at 1310 nm

9.20.4m

at 1310nm

0.35 dB/km

at 1550 nm

10.40.5m

at 1550nm

0.20 dB/km

at 1383nm

0.31 dB/km (TypeA)

0.35 dB/km (Type B)

Cladding diameter

125.01.0m

Coationg diameter(uncolored)

2455m

Core concentricity error

0.5m

Cable cut-off wavelength

Cladding no-circularity

1.0%

Chromatic dispersion coefficient

Cladding/coating concentricity error

12m

at 1285 - 1330nm

3.5 ps/(nm km)

at 1270 - 1340nm

5.3 ps/(nm km)

at 1550nm

18 ps/(nm km)

Mechanical specifications
Proof test
Dynamic stress corrosion
susceptibility parameter
Coating strippability
Fiber curl radius

Zero-dispersion wavelength

1% (0.7GPa)
20

Zero-dispersion slope
PMD link design value

1260 nm

1302 - 1322 nm
2

0.089 ps/(nm km)

0.08 ps/ km

1.3 - 8.9 N
4.0 m

*Another specification is available upon request.

JDJI

Features of Fujikuras FutureGuide-LWP

Excellent Compatibility with Conventional SM Fibers
Same Structure with Conventional SM Fiber

Coating
Cladding
Core

Same Reliability with Experienced SM Fiber

Good Splicability
FutureGuide-LWP

n1-n2
n1

2a
n1
n2

FutureGuide-SM Other Companies SMF

FutureGuide-LWP
FutureGuide-SM
Other Companies SMF

High Reliability
&
Convenience

JDJI

Expected Contribution of FutureGuide-LWP Fiber

Large Capacity per Fiber
Expands Usable Wavelength to E Band
Enables Low-Cost CWDM System, Compared with Conventional SMF

Most Suitable for Metropolitan/Access Network

Enables Low-Cost CWDM System, Compared with NZDSF

Easy Upgrading to the New Network

Fully Compatible with Conventional SM Fiber
Enables Easy Upgrade to DWDM System from CWDM

Fujikuras Advantage for Producing LWP Fiber

Adopting VAD Method
- Easy to Eliminate Water Peak, Compared with CVD Method
- Low PMD due to Good Core-circularity, Compared with OVD Method

JDJI