Nature-S Aphrodisiacs - A Review of Current Scientific Literature

International Journal of Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research
April 2013; 3(2): 1-20

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Natures Aphrodisiacs - A Review of Current Scientific Literature

(1)ALOK
SEMWAL*, (2) RATENDRA KUMAR , (1) RAMANDEEP SINGH
(1)- Himachal
(2)- Meerut
Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib-173025, H.P (India)

Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut-250005, UP (India)
Abstract
Despite progress made in modern medical science herbal drugs constitute a major share of all the officially recognized
systems of health in India viz. Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Naturopathy. More than 70% of Indias 1.1
billion populations still use these non-allopathic systems of medicine. Various synthetic drugs like Sildenafil citrate,
Tadalafil citrate, Vardenafil, etc are used to treat ED but these drugs also have fatal side effects. The use of synthetic
aphrodisiacs results in the dilation of blood vessels in other parts of the body causing headache and fainting. Other side
effects include facial flushing, stomach upset, blurred vision and sensitivity to light which usually occur at higher doses.
Thus, there is growing need to look for aphrodisiacs more of herbal origin as opposed to synthetic compounds which are
known to cause severe unwanted side effects. Unlike the old-time aphrodisiacs, which were meant only to increase sex
drive and/or sexual pleasure, modern stimulants including Viagra, may rightly be called medications, since their purpose
is to correct problems that make sex difficult or impossible. Besides of the fact that several plant sources contain
aphrodisiac ingredients (phytochemicals) which can be beneficial as an immune modulator, sex stimulant and also as
medication in erectile dysfunctions, there is very low range of research work carried out in this field. This review contains
a collection of more than 200 medicinally important plants which are not only aphrodisiac in nature but also used to treat
ED. All the herbal plants in this review are verified from the Current Scientific Literature as well as traditional book.
Keywords: Erection, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Aphrodite, Sexual stimulants, Herbal.
1.0. INTRODUCTION
Male sexual problems include libido, erection,
ejaculation and orgasm. Male sexual response cycle
is called normal if all the steps are timely and
sequentially if any one of the following is not in
sequence or delayed than it leads sexual
dysfunction in humans. Male sexual dysfunction
(MSD) could be caused by various factors. These
include: psychological disorders (performance
anxiety, strained relationship, depression, stress,
guilt and fear of sexual failure), androgen
deficiencies (testosterone deficiency, hyperprolactinemia), chronic medical conditions (diabetes,
hypertension,
vascular
insufficiency
(atherosclerosis, venous leakage), penile disease
(Peyronies, priapism, phinosis, smooth muscle
dysfunction), pelvic surgery (to correct arterial or
inflow
disorder),
neurological
disorders
(Parkinsons disease, stroke, cerebral trauma
Alzhemiers spinal cord or nerve injury), drugs (side
_________________________________________________
*Correspondence
Alok Semwal
Assistant Professor
Himachal Institute of Pharmacy,
Paonta Sahib, H.P
E-mail Id: alokm.pharm01@gmail.com
effects) (anti-hypertensives, central agents,,

psychiatric medications, antiulcer, antidepressants,
and anti-androgens), life style (chronic alcohol
abuse, cigarette smoking), aging (decrease in
hormonal level with age) and systemic diseases
(cardiac, hepatic, renal pulmonary, cancer,
metabolic, post-organ transplant) [1-3]. One of the
measure sexual problems arising in the modern
time is due to erectile dysfunction which is also
associated with depression, endocrine, neurologic,
vascular, and systemic disorder [4]. Erectile
dysfunction is a broad category that includes
inability to achieve erection, or the ability to achieve
only brief erections [5]. Besides of ED there are
various sexual dysfunctions like Disorders of
ejaculations, disorders of orgasm, and failure of
detumescence. .
By the several years clinical and
epidemiological studies it has been proved that
several risk factors are associated with ED. These
risk factors include smoking, age, obesity, and
diabetes and also various stress conditions. An
important point to notice here is that these risk
factors are the same as the risk factors of
cardiovascular disease. So even ED is not a life
threatening disease, it may represent as an early
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Alok et al.
Int J Recent Adv Pharm Res, 2013;3(2):1-20
ISSN: 2230-9306; www.ijrapronline.com

April 2013; 3(2): 1-20
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sign of cardiovascular disease [6]. Synthetic drugs

like Sildenafil citrate, Tadalafil citrate, Vardenafil,
Tadalafil, Alprostadil, Papaverin are used to treat
ED but these drugs also have fatal side effects like
sudden hypotension, hypersensitivity reaction,
abnormal vision, infertility, suicidal tendencies,
mental disorders and tremors [7]. The use of
synthetic aphrodisiacs results in the dilation of
blood vessels in other parts of the body causing
headache and fainting. Other side effects include
facial flushing, stomach upset, blurred vision and
sensitivity to light which usually occur at higher
doses. The world health organization survey
suggests that a very big portion of the world
populations rely on medicines that are obtained
from plant sources in their primary healthcare. The
increase in such popularity of herbal medicines also
brought the attention towards the safer use of such
herbal medicines which are used frequently such as
aphrodisiacs.
2.0. APHRODISIACS
Sexual stimulants are still often called
"aphrodisiacs" (after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess
of love). Aphrodisiacs are the agents which are used
extensively by the human beings seeking to improve
their sexual life and help in erectile dysfunctions
(ED) sometimes called impotence.
Ayurveda has a whole science of
Aphrodisiacs. It is one of the seven branches of its
medical
system.
Ayurvedic
Aphrodisiacs
(Vajikarana in Sanskrit) are more than substances
exiting sexual activity; they are tonics that nurture
and give direct sustenance to the reproductive
tissues. Others help promote the creative
transformation of sexual energy for the benefit of
the body-mind. Sexual desire is controlled and
regulated by the central nervous system which
integrates tactile, olfactory, specific auditory and
mental stimuli. The aphrodisiac drugs act by
altering the level of specific neurotransmitters or

specific sex hormones into the body [8]. Most of the
aphrodisiacs agent acts by altering the testosterone
and progesterone concentration in the body.
2.1 Mechanism
potentials
involved
in
Aphrodisiac
On sexual stimulation (visual (or) otherwise the

famines of the axons of parasympathetic nerves
release nitric oxide (NO) gas. The gas diffuses into
smooth muscle cells that line those arteries of the
corpus carvenosum (spongy erectile tissue) and
activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase (GC). The
later
converts
the
nucleotide
guanosine
triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP). The cGMP in turn causes
the smooth muscle cells around the penis to relax,
leading to dilation and increased flux of blood into
the penile tissue. This blood is essentially trapped in
the penis and results in an erection. The erection
ceases after a while because cGMP is hydrolyzed by
phosphodiesterase type-5 enzyme (PDE-5) into
inactive GMP. (The PDE-5 enzyme resides in the
penile tissues). Aphrodisiac potentials inhibit the
hydrolyzing action of PDE-5 with the result that
active cGMP can accumulate. Undisturbed and
prolong the erection through increased blood flow
[9]. Possible mode of action of aphrodisiac potential
of medicinal plants is given in Figure 1.
3.0.
PLANTS
POTENTIALS
CONTAINING
APHRODISIAC
According to recent scientific literature several

medicinal plants have been identified or evaluated
for their aphrodisiac potential. Some of the plants
are given in Table 1. Besides of the fact that these
plants are aphrodisiacs in nature and claimed to
have good aphrodisiac potential their actual action
is not yet proved by scientific methods.
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April 2013; 3(2): 1-20
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Aphrodisiac bioactive principles

Peripheral activity
Central
Steroidal saponins
Central acting
Intermediate in
steroidal pathway
of androgen
production
Binds to enzymes
involved in
androgen
production
Increases levels of
LH and FSH
Alkaloids
Flavonoid
s
Increase the
release of NO from
endothelia and
nerve endings of
male rats
Elevates testicular
cholesterol content
of male rat
Steroidogenesis
Dehydroepiandrosterone
biosynthesis
Relaxes corpus
arvernosum smooth
muscle in the male
rat copulatory organ
Steroid
Increase in
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dilates blood
vessels in
sexual organs
of male rats
Acts centrally as
Gamma amino
butyric acid (GABA)
antagonist
Increase in
testosterone
Enhanced sexual behavior in

male rats
Enhanced sexual
pleasure
Enhanced
sexual desire
Enhanced sexual
motivation
Enhanced sexual
performance
Increased % index of
libido
Increased MF
Reduced ML
Increased % Mounted
Increased IF
Reduced IL
Increased % intermitted
Prolonged EF
Prolonged EL
Reduced PEI
Increased % ejaculated
Increased % copulatory efficiency
Decreased % intercopulatory interval
Figure 1: Possible mode of action of aphrodisiac bioactive principles in male rats [10]
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April 2013; 3(2): 1-20
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Table 1: Medicinal plants having aphrodisiac potential

Sr. No.
Name of Plant
Common name
Family
Part used
Reference
Bhindi
Malvaceae
Root
[11]
2.
Abelmoschus esculantus
(L.)
Abelmoschus moschatus
Musk mallow
Malvaceae
Seed
[12-13]
3.
Abrus preacatorium Linn. Ganja
Fabaceae
Seed
[14]
4.
Abrus precatorius L.
Crab's Eye
Paplionaceae
Seed
[15-16]
Abutilon indicum (Linn.)
Thuthi
Malvaceae
Seed, root,
bark, leaf
[12]
6.
Acacia catechu Willd.
Catechu
Mimosaceae
Heartwood
[12,18]
7.
Acacia nilotica L. Willd.
Gum Arabic tree
Fabaceae
Bark
[19]
8.
Achyranthes aspera Linn.
Apamarg, Latjeera
Amaranthaceae
Root
[11]
9.
Attesh
Ranunculaceae
Root
[11]
10.
Aconitum heterophyllum
Wall.
Acorus calamus Linn.
Sweet flag
Araceae
Rhizome
[20-21]
11.
Actiniopteris radiata Sw.
Morshikha
[22]
12.
Adenanthera pavonina
Baragunchi
13.
Alchornia floribunda Mull. Niando
Actinopteridacea Whole plant

e
Mimosaceae
Bark, seeds,
leaves
Euphorbiaceae
Root
14.
Allium sativum L.
Garlic
Liliaceae
Bulb
[12,14,28]
15.
Allium tuberosum
Chiense chive
Zingiberaceae
Seed
[25-26]
16.
Aloe excels Berger
Zimbabwe Aloe
Asphodelaceae
Leaf
[29]
17.
Aloe vera
Liliaceae
leaves
[133]
18.
Alpinia galanga Willd.
Kumari
Ghritakumari
Java galangal
Zingiberaceae
Rhizome
[30]
19.
Amaranthus spinosus L.
Chaulai
Amaranthaceae
[11]
20.
Anacyclus pyrethrum
Akarakarabha
Compositae
Leaves, Whole
plant
Root
21.
Arachis hypogaea Linn.
Peanut
Fabaceae
Seeds
[23]
22.
Argyreia nervosa
Adhoguda
Convolvulaceae
Root
[34]
1.
5.
[23]
[24]
[31]
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Jack tree
Moraceae
Asparagus
25.
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Linn.
Asparagus racemosus
Willd.
Asphaltum bitumen
[23]
Liliaceae
Fruit, Seed,
Leaves, root
Root
Shilajit
Pitch
[129]
26.
Azadirachita indica
Neem
Meliaceae
Root
[11 ]
27.
Bacopa monnieri L.
Brahmi
Scrophulariaceae Whole plant
[11]
28.
Bauhinia tomentosa Linn. Manja Mandaram
Caesalpiniaceae
Seed
[12]
29.
Bauhinia vahlii
Caesalpiniaceae
Seed
[12]
30.
Bauhinia variegate Linn.
Camels Foot
climber
Bauhinia
Caesalpiniaceae
Bark
[12]
31.
Benincasa hispida Cogn.
Ash gourd
Cucurbitaceae
Fruit
[12]
32.
Blepharis edulis Linn.
Utangan/ Shikhi
Acanthaceae
Seeds
[35]
33.
Blepharis sindica
Acanthaceae
Seeds
[127]
34.
Boerhavia diffusa L.
Untkantalo/Bhangari
Punarnava
Nyctaginaceae
Root
[11]
35.
Boesenbergia rotunda L.
Temu kunci
Zingeberaceae
Rhizomes
[25,36]
36.
Bombax ceiba Linn.
Silk-Cotton Tree
Bombacaceae
Bark
[12]
37.
Bussea occidentalis
Kpayeli
Caesalpiniaceae
Bark, seed
[37]
38.
Butea frondosa Roxb.
Flame-of-the-forest Papilionaceae
Whole plant
[12, 25]
39.
Butea superb Roxb
Red kwao kruva
Fabaceae
palm pollen
[135]
40.
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
Arhar
Fabaceae
Root
[11]
41.
Cannabis indica L.
Indian hemp
Cannabinaceae
Leaf
[38]
42.
Cannabis sativa
Bhang
Cannabinaceae
Leaf
[11 ]
43.
Pitipiti
Capparidaceae
Root
[39]
44.
Capparis erythrocarpus
Isert.
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum
Solanaceae
Seed
[40]
45.
Carica papaya L.
Papita
Caricaceae
Fruit
[11]
46.
Carpolobia alba G. Don
Polygalaceae
Stem bark, Twig
[134].
47.
Cassia occidentalis Linn.
Osunsun, Guineabissau
Kasondhi
Fabaceae
Leaf
[41]
48.
Cassia sieberiana DC
African laburnum
Caesalpiniaceae
Leaf
[37]
23.
24.
[32-33]
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Chenopodium album
Amaranthaceae
lamb's quarters, [128]

melde, goosefoot
49.
50.
lamb's quarters,
melde, goosefoot
and fat-hen
Chenopodium album L.
White goosefoot
Chenopodiaceae
Seed
[42-44]
51.
Chione venosa (Sw,) Urb.
Fatpork
Rubiaceae
Bark and roots
[136]
52.
Chlorophytum borivilium
Liliaceae
Roots
[105]
53.
Chlorophytum tuberosum
Baker.
Cissus quadrangularis
Safed Musli, white

musli
Safed musli
Liliaceae
Whole plant
[45]
Veldt
Grape or Devil's
Backbone
Edible stemmed
vine
colocynth, bitter
apple, bitter
cucumber,
watermelondesert
Vitaceae
Edible stemmed
vine
[106]
Vitaceae
Root
[12]
Cucurbilaceae
Fruit & seed
[107]
Cucurbitaceae
Seed
[108]
Agnimantha, Jaya,
Verbenaceae
Sriparni,
Ganikarika,
Jayanthi, Tarkari,
Nadeyi, Vai jayanthi
Root
[109]
[46]
54.
Cissus quadrangularis
Linn.
Citrullus colocythis
55.
56.
57.
Citrullus lanatus
Clerodendrum phlomoidis
58.
59.
Cocculs cardifolia Linn.
Guduchi
Menispermaceae
60.
Cocos nucifera Linn.
Coconut
Arecaceae
Stem, leaf,
Root
Endosperm
61.
Cola acuminate Schott.
Cola
Malvaceae
Seed
[48]
62.
Cola caricaefolia G.Don
Bumoguan Leaf
Sterculiaceae
Leaf
[37]
63.
Cola gabonensis Schott &

Endl.
Cola nitida Schott & Endl.
Kola nut
Sterculiaceae
Fruit
[24]
Kola nut
Sterculiaceae
Seed
[24]
Cola pachycarpa Schott &

Endl.
Cola rostrata Schott &
Endl.
Kola nut
Sterculiaceae
Seed
[24]
Kola nut
Sterculiaceae
Seed
[24]
Commiphora wightii
Guggal, Guggul or M Burseraceae

ukul myrrh tree
Stem
[110]
Commiphora caudata Wt.

& Arn.
Commiphora mukul Hook.
ex Stocks
Emporium of
medicinal plants
Indian bdellium
tree
Burseraceae
Root, leaf
[12]
Burseraceae
Root, leaf
[12]
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
[14,47]
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70.
Convolvulus microphyllus
Shankhpushpi
Convolvulaceae
Leaves
[111]
71.
Corchorus depressus
Cham Ghans
Tiliaceae
Whole plant
[112]
72.
Coriandrum sativum Linn. Coriander
Apiaceae
Leaf
[42]
73.
Ivory coast
Rubiaceae
Stem, Bark
[39]
74.
Corynanthe pachycerus K
Schum.
Crocus sativus Linn.
Saffaron
Iridaceae
Stigma
[25]
75.
Crotalaria burhia
Saniya
Crotalaria burhia
Whole plant
[113]
Cucumis callosus
Melon, Muskmelon,
Cantaloupe,
Honeydew, Sugar
melon
Pumpkin
Cucurbitaceae
Fruit
[114]
Cucurbetaceae
Seed
[137]
76.
77.
Cucurbita pepo L.
78.
Curculigo orchioides
Gaertn.
Musali
Hypoxidaceae/
Amaryllidaceae
Rhizome
[137-141]
79.
Curcuma amada Roxb.
Mango ginger
Zingiberaceae
Rhizome
[12-13]
80.
Poaceae
Whole plant
[12]
Orchidaceae
Root
[20,49]
82.
Cymbopogon citrates (DC.) Lemongrass

Stapf
Dactylorhiza
Marsh Orchis
hatagirea (D. Don) Soo.
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.
Shisham
Fabaceae
Wood
[41-42]
83.
Daucus carota L.
Carrot
Umbelliferae
Root
[50]
84.
Desmodium gangeticum
Linn.
Desmodium
Fabaceae
(Papilionaceae)
Root
[12]
85.
Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.
Wild Yam
Dioscoreaceae
Whole plant
[41]
86.
Diospyros melanoxylon
Roxb.
Dolichos lablab Linn.
East Indian ebony
Ebenaceae
Flower
[12, 41]
Flat bean, sem
Fabaceae
Seeds
[23]
Putjev
Euphorbiaceae
Leaf juice
[41]
89.
Drypetes roxburghii
(Wall.)
Durio Zibenthinus Murr.
Durian Fruit
Bombacaceae
Fresh fruit
[25,51]
90.
Echinacea purpurea L.
Compositae
Leaves
[52]
91.
Indian head, comb

flower
Isongoroit
Ekerbegia capensis
Sparrm.
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Emblic
Meliaceae
Root
[29]
Euphorbiaceae
Fruit
[53-54]
Eriodendron
Anfractuosum DC.
Bombaceae
Whole plant
[46]
81.
87.
88.
92.
93.
White silk cotton

tree
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94.
Erthroxylem catuaba
Catuaba
Erthroxylaceae
Bark
[130]
95.
Euadenia eminens Hook.f.
Dinsinkro
Capparidaceae
Root
[39]
Euphorbia hirta L
Asthma weed, Cats Euphorbiaceae

hair, Egele, Nonan
kurchiya, Odane
inenmili
Whole plant
[134].
97.
Euphorbia hirta L.
Dudhi
Euphorbiaceae
Leaves
[37]
98.
Eurycoma longifolia Jack
Tongkat Ali
Simarubaceae
Whole plant
[55-63]
99.
Evolvulus alsinoides L.
Shankhahuli
Convolvulacae
Whole plant
[23]
100.
Rubiaceae
Stem
[64-65]
101.
Fadogia agrestis Schweinf. Black aphrodisiac

Ex Heim
Ferula hermonis
Shilsh-el-zallouh
Umbelliferae
Root
[66]
102.
Ficus arnottiana Miq.
Paras Pipal
Moraceae
Bark
[67]
103.
Ficus racemosa L.
Gular
Moraceae
Fruit
[11]
104.
Ficus religiosa Linn.
Peepal tree
Moraceae
Bark
[12]
105.
Ficus retusa
Chilkan
Moraceae
Latex
[68]
106.
Ficus sycomorus (mig)
Baure
Moraceae
Root
[144]
107.
White-berry bush
Euphorbiaceae
Whole Plant
[48]
108.
Flueggea virosa Roxb. ex

Willd.
Garcinia afzelii Engl
Bitter kola
Guttiferae
Bark
[37]
109
Garcinia kola Heckel
Bitter kola
Guttiferae
Bark
[37]
110.
Ginko biloba
Ginkgo
Ginkgoaceae
Leaves, Seeds
[131]
111.
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
Liquorice
Papilionaceae
Root
[137]
112.
Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Coomb teak
Verbenaceae
Fruit
[12]
113.
Gossypium arboretum
Linn.
Kapas
Malvaceae
[23]
114.
Grewia asiatica L.
Phalsa
Tiliaceae
Bark, seeds,
Leaves, root
Fruit
Tiliaceae
Fruit
[115]
Simaroubaceae
Bark
[37]
96.
Grewia tenax
115.
116.
White Crossberry,
Phalsa Cherry,
Raisin bush
Harissonia abyssinica Oliv Zigua
[42]
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117.
Hibiscus rosa-sinesis
China rose
Malvaceae
Leaf
[12]
118.
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.
Roselle
Malvaceae
Seed, leaf
[12]
119.
Asclepiadaceae
Root
[12]
120.
Holostemma ada-kodien
Holostemma
Schult.
Hygrophila schulli (Ham.) Marsh Barbel
Acanthaceae
Root, leaf, seed
[12]
121.
Inalia catappa L.
Combretaceae
122.
Indigofera linnaei
India
almond,Umbrella
Vasuka
Fabaceae
[142]
Stem bark,
Kernel (Seeds)
Leaves and seed [116]
123.
Ipomoea digitata
Vidari kandha
Convolvulaceae
Root
[132]
124.
Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Giant potato
Convolvulaceae
Root
[12]
125.
Kaempferia parviflora
Krachaidum
Zingiberaceae
Rhizomes
[69]
126.
Khaya Senegale
nsis (Hochst)
Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.
African mahogany, Mimosaceae

dry zone mahogany
Bottle gourd
Cucurbitaceae
Root
[145]
Fruit
[12]
Hama-fufu
Apocynaceae
Root, Bark
[39]
129.
Landolphia dulcis
(Sabine) Pichon
Lepidium meyenii Walp.
Maca
Brassicaceae
Root
[70-71]
130.
Linum usitatissimum L.
Alsi
Linaceae
Seed
[11]
131.
Lycium barbarum
Solanaceae
Fruit
[117]
132.
Mangifera indica L.
Chinese wolfberry,
Chinese boxthorn,
Mango
Anacardiaceae
Bark
[12]
133.
Arrowroot
Zingiberaceae
Rhizome
[12]
134.
Maranta arundinacea
Linn.
Massularia acuminata
Chewing stick
Rubiaceae
Stem
[72]
135
Massularia acuminata
Bioko and Annobon Rubiacea
Stem bark, Root
[134].
136.
Vingar
Celastraceae
[134].
Senegal
Caesalpiniaceae
Leaves, Stem,
Root
Twig or Stem
139.
Maytenus senegalensis
(Lam.) Exell
Mezoneuron
benthamianum Baill
Microdesmis keayana J.
Leonard
Mimosa hamata
140.
Mimosa pudica L.
Mundi, Bander-kiFabaceae
Rakhi, Gulabi babul
Thottasiniki
Mimosoideae
141.
Mirabilis jalapa L.
Four o clock plant
142.
Momordica charantia
Descourt
Bitter Melon
127.
128.
137.
138.
Pandaceae
Stem
bark, leaves and
Seeds
[37]
[144, 145]
[118]
Aerial part
[73]
Nyctaginaceae
Root
[54]
Cucurbitaceae
Leaf
[74]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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April 2013; 3(2): 1-20
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
143.
Mondia whitei Linn.
144.
White's ginger
Periplocaceae
Root
[75]
Montanoa tomentosa Cerv. Zoapatle
Asteraceae
Whole plant
[76]
145.
Morinda lucida
Brimstonetree
Rubiacaeae
Leaves
[77]
146.
Moringa oleifera
Moringa
Moringaceae
Leaves
[119]
147.
Mucuna pruriens Linn.
Leguminosae
Seed
Fabaceae
Seed
[120],
[121]
[41]
Musaceae
[134]
Myristicaceae
Leaves, Roots,
Fruits
Seed
[41]
148.
velvet bean or
cowitch
Mucuna pruriens Linn. DC. Poonai kali
149.
Musa paradisiaca L.
150.
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Plantain Ogede,
Ayaba,
Nutmeg
151.
Nerium indicum Mill.
Kaner/Kanail
Apocynaceae
Roots
152.
Nyctanthes arbartristis
Oleaceae
Flower and seed [122]
153.
Ocimum gratissimum
Night-flowering
Jasmine
Vana Tulsi
Labiatae
Leaves
[12]
154.
Orchis latifolia
Linn.
Oxyantllus unilocularis
Hiern
Pagenum harmala
Munjaataka
Orchidaceae
Roots
[78]
Ghana akan
Rubiaceae
Fruit, leaf
[37]
Nitrariaceae
Seed
[123]
157.
Esfand, wild rue,

Syrian rue
Palisota hirusta K. Schum. Ghana
Commelinaceae
Leaf
[79]
158
Panax ginseng
Ginseng
Araliaceae
Root
[80]
159.
Papaver somniferum L.
Poppy plant
Papaveraceae
Flower
[12]
160.
Passiflora incarnate L.
Wild Passion
Flower
Dorawa
Passifloraceae
Leaf
[81]
Fabaceae
Bark
[145]
Pierre
Yohimbin
Burra Gokhru
Rubiaceae
Bark
[82]
163.
Pausinystalia yohimbe
(K.Schum.)
Pedalium murex
Pedaliaceae
Whole plant
[84]
164.
Pfaffia paniculata
Suma
Papilionaceae
Root
[83]
165.
Phyllanthus amarus
Bahupatra
Euphorbiacea
Leaves
166.
Phoenix dactylifera
Date palm
Arecaceae
Pollen
[124],
[125]
[143]
167.
Piper betle Linn.
Vettrilai
Piperaceae
Leaf
[73]
168.
Piper guineense
Schumach.
West African
Pepper
Piperaceae
Root
[39]
155.
156.
161.
Parkia biglobos a
162.
[12, 25]
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
169.
Piper officinarum DC
170.
Piperaceae
Fruit
[12]
Annonaceae
Fruit, root, leaf
[85]
Liliaceae
Root
[20]
172.
Polyalthia suaveolens
Engl. & Diels
Polygonatum multiflorum Solomon's Seal
(L.) All
Prunus amygdalus batsch Badama
Rosaceae
Kernel
[23]
173.
Psoralea corylifolia Linn.
Bavaci
Fabaceae
Fruit
[23]
174.
Punica granatum L.
Anar
Punicaceae
Fruit
[11]
175.
Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel Afzel. poison

devil's pepper
Apocynaceae
Root
[86-87]
Ballu
Ericaceae
Leaf, flower
[20]
Snow Rose
Ericaceae
Leaf, flower
[20]
178.
Rhododendron
anthopogon
Rhododendron lepidotum
Wall. ex D. Don
Ricinus communis L.
Castor
Euphorbiaceae
Seed
[12]
179.
Rosa damascene Mill
Rose
Rosaceae
Petal
[88]
180.
Ruta chalepensis L.
Garden rue
Rutaceae
Leaves
[144]
181.
Saccharum spontaneum
Linn.
Santalum album Linn.
Kasa
Poaceae
Root stock
[14,28]
Sandal wood
Santalaceae
Heart wood
[88]
Haritaki
Lamiaceae
Aerial parts
[136]
Gajapipali
Arecaceae
Fruit
[14, 28]
Violet tree
Polygalaceae
Root bark
[25]
186.
Satureja khuzestanica
Jamzad
Scindapsus officinalis
Schtt.
Securidaca
longepedunculata Slash
Sesamum indicum Linn.
Tilli / Til
Pedaliaceae
Seds
[41]
187.
Shorea robusta geartn
Sal, Kabba
[23]
188.
Sida acuta Burn.F.
Bala
Dipterocarpaceae Bark, leaves,

fruit
Malvaceae
Whole plant
189.
Sida cordifolia Linn.
Countary-mallow
Malvaceae
Root, seed
[12]
190.
Sida rhombifolia
Bagauli
Malvaceae
Root
[11]
191.
Solanum indicum Linn.
Indian night Shade
Solanaceae
Root
[12]
192.
Solanum melongena Linn. Brinjal
Solanaceae
Unripe fruit
[12]
193.
Solanum nigrum
Linn.
Solanaceae
Berries
[12]
171.
176.
177.
182.
183.
184.
185.
Chavica
officinarum
Polyalthia
Aguaragua
[11]
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Botobotonisan
Asteraceae
Whole plant
[12]
Mundi
Asteraceae
Seeds
[11]
Atkapali
Bignoniaceae
[137, 143]
Strychnine tree
Loganiaceae
Root, bark,
flower
Seed
Clove
Myrtaceae
Iboga
Apocynaceae
Tabernanthe
Apocynaceae
Dried flower
bud
Root, bark,
stem
Root
[90-91]
200.
Sphaeranthus africanus
Linn.
Sphaeranthus indicus
Linn.
Stereospermumsuaveolens
DC.
Strychnos nux-vomica
Linn.
Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
Merrill & Perry
Tabernanthe iboga (L.)
Nutt.
Tabernanthe manii Baill.
201.
Tamarindus indica L.
Tamarind
Fabaceae
Bark
[93]
202.
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst Athel tamarisk
Tamariaceae
Bark
[42]
203.
Taxus baccata Linn.
Birmi
Taxaceae
Leaf
[12,14]
204.
Terminalia arjuna Roxb.
Arjuna
Combretaceae
Bark
[12]
205.
Terminalia catappa L.
Combretaceae
Menispermaceae
207.
Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd) Miers Hk.
Tribulus terrestris L. fruit
Stem bark,
Kernel (Seeds)
Whole plant
[134
206.
India almond,
Umbrella tree
Tinospora
Puncturevine
Zygophyllaceae
Fruit, seed
[94-97]
208.
Trichopus zeylanicus
Senna
Trichopodaceae
Leaves
[98]
209.
Trichosanthes dioica L
Roxb. Wild
Turnera
Aphrodisiaca
Turrea heterophylla Sm.
Sm.
Methi
Fabaceae
Seed
[12]
Damiana
Trneraceae
Areal part
[99]
Ahunanyakwa
Meliaceae
Root, bark,
Seed
[39]
Tynanthus panurensis
(Bur.)
Vitex negundo
Clavo huasca
Bignoniaceae
Bark, wood
[100-101]
Five-leaved chaste
tree
Valeriana jatamansi Wall. Jatamansi
Verbenaceae
Fruit
[126]
Valerianaceae
Root
[104]
215.
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.)

Hook. ex Don.
Rasna
Orchidaceae
Flower, Root
[102-103]
216.
Waltheria Indica
Hankufa
Sterculiaceae
The whole fruit
[145]
217.
Withania somnifera Linn.
Ashwagandha
Solanaceae
Leaf, Root
[12,41,42]
218.
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) Ivory tree

R.Br.
Apocynaceae
Seed, Leaf, bark
[12]
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
[89]
[24, 92]
[24,92]
[12-13]
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
219.
Ziziphusabyssin ica
Magarya
Rhamnaceae
Leaves
[145]
220.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Gingembre
Zingeberaceae
Rhizome
[48]
4.0 CONCLUSION
Sexual function is an important component of
quality of life and subject for well being in humans.
In modern time several factors like obesity, anxiety,
stress conditions, various disease conditions and
excessive use of medicines of synthetic origin has
increased the risk of sexual problems. Sexual
problems are related to sexual desire and male
erectile dysfunction. Successful treatment of sexual
dysfunction may improve not only sexual
relationships, but also the overall quality of life.
Thus, this review has dealt with screening of
medicinal plants from current scientific literature.

Since there are a number of traditional medicines
available with varied claims regarding their
therapeutic activity, it is necessary that research be
undertaken based on modern scientific methods
possibly leading to more panaceas in traditional
medicine. Scientists from divergent fields are
investigating new plants with an eye to their
aphrodisiac usefulness. These plants should be
subjected to animal and human studies to
determine their effectiveness and to develop herbal
formulations to treat sexual dysfunction.
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