H.

TYRES

Release 8.1 / 2012

INDEX

TYRES ............................................................................................................ 3
1. SAFETY NOTICE ....................................................................................... 4
1.1. Recommendations ................................................................................ 4
1.2. Valves ................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Tyre assembly and disassembly.............................................................. 4
1.4. Tyre regrooving ................................................................................... 5
1.5. Storage and Carriage ............................................................................ 5
1.6. Tyre aging ........................................................................................... 5
1.7. Monitoring and maintenance .................................................................. 5
1.8. Terms of use ....................................................................................... 6
2. RECOMMENDATIONS OF USE ................................................................... 6
2.1. Front Slick tyre .................................................................................... 6
2.2. Rear Slick tyre ..................................................................................... 6
2.3. Front Wet tyre ..................................................................................... 7
2.4. Rear Wet Tyre...................................................................................... 7
3. PROFILE MEASURMENT ........................................................................... 8
3.1. Front tyre ............................................................................................ 8
3.2. Rear tyre............................................................................................. 9
4. DEFLECTION AND DEFORMATION .......................................................... 10
4.1. Front tyre .......................................................................................... 10
4.2. Rear Tyre .......................................................................................... 15
5. TYRE MATHEMATICAL MODEL ................................................................ 20
5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 20
5.2. Front tyre graphics ............................................................................. 22
5.3. Rear tyre graphics .............................................................................. 30
5.3. Front tyre Pacejka coefficient ............................................................... 38
5.4. Rear tyre Pacejka model...................................................................... 39

H-2

Release 8.1 / 2012

TYRES

H-3

Release 8.1 / 2012

1. SAFETY NOTICE
We recommend to all users to read the safety guidelines below.
After a run, the delta of temperature between the inside shoulder and the outside
shoulder has to be less than 20C.
Exceeding of some of these data levels (f.e. camber) may cause a tyre damage or a
fall of performances :
higher tyre wear,
influence concerning balance problems (oversteer/understeer),
lap times will finally also drop (less constant).
One stint is equivalent to the mileage indicated (including a maximum of 2 pit stops
and/or driving under pace car). At this mileage and this speed limit, the integrity of
the construction is guaranteed for endurance but not for wear potential or grip
potential. Therefore, depending on the conditions of use, a tyre :
Could be worn before achieving the indicated mileage,
Could be only partially worn even though the indicated mileage has been
achieved. In this case, the integrity of the construction cannot be guaranteed,
the tyre must be replaced.
These recommendations are valid unless the tyres have been damaged: for example
puncture or flat spots.
The recommendations regarding rain tyres are only for wet conditions and not
intended for a drying racetrack.
For any use apart from the defined recommendations, please contact Circuit Michelin
technical department. Phone : +33(0)4 73 30 44 73.

1.1. Recommendations
Before-use checklist
Make sure that all Tyres on the same axle are of the same type (brand,
commercial name or industrial reference, dimensions, structure).
Prior to mounting make sure that:
The rim is in good condition and does not present wear-and-tear (cracks,
deformation, etc.) and the valves are in proper condition and if not, have them
replaced.
The Tyres have not been repaired and the valves are in proper condition and if
not, have them replaced.

1.2. Valves
Routinely screw down the valve cap It protects the valve mechanism and ensures the
complete sealing of the Tyre assembly.
Make sure that the valve is in good condition (no ovalization, no impact trace, etc.).
Regularly check torque settings of screwed-in valves.

1.3. Tyre assembly and disassembly

Tyre assembly, disassembly, topping and balancing must be done on suitable goodcondition equipment entrusted with qualified and trained personnel that would ensure,
H-4

Release 8.1 / 2012

among other things:
Compliance with the manufacturer and legal rules in the selection of Tyres.
Preliminary examination of the outside and inside aspect of the Tyre by the
installer.
Compliance with Tyre assembly, disassembly, balancing and toping procedures.
Proper positioning of the Tyre on the vehicle (left, right, front, rear).
Proper working pressure.

1.4. Tyre regrooving

Regrooving tyres is strictly forbidden.

1.5. Storage and Carriage

In order to preserve the performance of Tyres, there are some important rules to be
observed during the storage and the freight like :
Minimum temperature of freight and storage: 0C
Direct and prolonged exposure to sunlight, sources of high heat (extended
storage in container) and humidity.
Long-term storage in stacks.
The presence of solvents, lubricants, fuel and other chemical products.
Equipment causing ozone emission (transformers, welding units, electric
motors, etc.).
The storage space must be dry, well-ventilated, without direct light and
reserved for Tyres. Racks suitable for storing Tyres vertically should be used to
avoid exercising pressure on the carcasses.

1.6. Tyre aging

Tyres age even when not used or if they are only used occasionally; excessive aging
of Tyres may lead to loss of grip.
Remove from usage Tyres presenting clear signs of aging or fatigue (cracking of the
rubber of the outer tread, of the shoulder, of the bead side, deformation, etc.). When
in doubt, contact a Tyre professional.

1.7. Monitoring and maintenance

Check Tyre pressure prior to any run and adjust pressure if it does not correspond to
the recommended working pressure.
Tyre pressure must be checked they are cold (the Tyres have not been driven, they
have not been warmed)
Inflating Tyres with nitrogen does not exempt you from having to check Tyre pressure
routinely.
In case of unusual loss of pressure, check the outside and inside condition of the Tyre
as well as the condition of the wheel and of the valve.
Any visible perforation, cut or deformation must be checked in-depth by a Tyre
professional. Never use damaged Tyres or Tyres that have run flat without the help of
a professional.

H-5

Release 8.1 / 2012

1.8. Terms of use

Never treat the rubber of the outer tread chemically.

Never use Tyres with unknown past.
Make sure that the pressure, camber angle, speed and axle load values are
those recommended by Michelin for the intended use (check recommendations
depending on use).
Standard terms of use are available at www.michelinsport.com or contact
Circuit Michelin technical department phone : +33(0)4 73 30 44 73.

2. RECOMMENDATIONS OF USE
2.1. Front Slick tyre

2.2. Rear Slick tyre

H-6

Release 8.1 / 2012

2.3. Front Wet tyre

2.4. Rear Wet Tyre

H-7

Release 8.1 / 2012

3. PROFILE MEASURMENT
3.1. Front tyre
Dimensions:
Rim:
Pressure:
Weight:

26/64-13
12J13
1,5 bar
9,870 kg

H-8

Release 8.1 / 2012

3.2. Rear tyre

Dimensions:
Rim:
Pressure:
Weight:

32/66-13
13,7J13
1,5 bar
11,625 kg

H-9

Release 8.1 / 2012

4. DEFLECTION AND DEFORMATION

4.1. Front tyre

H-10

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-11

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-12

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-13

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-14

Release 8.1 / 2012

4.2. Rear Tyre

H-15

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-16

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-17

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-18

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-19

Release 8.1 / 2012

5. TYRE MATHEMATICAL MODEL

5.1. Introduction

H-20

Release 8.1 / 2012

H-21

Release 8.1 / 2012

5.2. Front tyre graphics

1000
CORNERING
FORCE
daN

26/64-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed: 100 kph

800

600

400

200

SLIP ANGLE

0
-8,0

-6,0

-4,0

-2,0

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

-200

LOAD (daN)
-400

300

375

450

525

-600

600
-800

-1000

H-22

8,0

Release 8.1 / 2012

1200

26/64-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed: 100 kph

2011

CORNERING
FORCE
daN

1000

800

600

400

200

SLIP ANGLE

0
-8,0

-6,0

-4,0

-2,0

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

-200

LOAD (daN)
300

375

450

525

-400

-600

-800

-1000

H-23

600

8,0

Release 8.1 / 2012

800,0

26/64-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph

SELF ALIGNING
TORQUE
m.N
600,0

400,0

200,0

SLIP ANGLE
0,0
-8,0 -7,0 -6,0 -5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0

-200,0

LOAD (daN)
300

375

450

525

600

-400,0

-600,0

-800,0

H-24

Release 8.1 / 2012

1000

26/64-13
Camber: 0 degrees
900
Pressure: 1,5bar
Speed:
100 kph
800
CORNERING
FORCE
daN

700

600

500

400

300

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

2,25
3,5

100

4,75
6
0
0

100

200

300
Load (daN)

H-25

400

500

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

1200

26/64-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph

1000

CORNERING
FORCE
daN
800

600

400

Slip Angle (degrees)

1

200

2,25
3,5
4,75
6

0
0

100

200

300
Load (daN)

H-26

400

500

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

100,0

26/64-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5bar
0,0
kph
Speed:
0 100 100
200

300

400

(daN)
500 Load600

700

-100,0

-200,0

-300,0

SELF ALIGNING
TORQUE
m.N

-400,0

-500,0

Slip Angle (degrees)

1

2,25
3,5

-600,0

4,75
6
-700,0

H-27

Release 8.1 / 2012

300

26/64-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure:1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph

250

Cornering
Stiffness
daN/deg
200

150

100

50

Load (daN)
0
0

100

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

300

400

2,25

H-28

500

3,5

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

300

26/64-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure:1,5 bar
Speed: 100 kph

250

Cornering
Stiffness
daN/deg
200

150

100

50

0
0

100

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

300

400

Load (daN)

2,25

H-29

3,5

500

4,75

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

5.3. Rear tyre graphics

1500
CORNERING
FORCE
daN

32/66-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed: 100 kph

1000

500

SLIP ANGLE

0
-8,0

-6,0

-4,0

-2,0

0,0

-500

-1000

-1500

H-30

2,0

4,0

6,0

LOAD (daN)
300

375

450

525

600

8,0

Release 8.1 / 2012

1500
CORNERING
FORCE
daN

32/66-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure: 1,5 bar
Speed: 100 kph
1000

500
SLIP ANGLE

0
-8,0

-6,0

-4,0

-2,0

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

LOAD (daN)

-500

-1000

H-31

300

375

450

525

600

8,0

Release 8.1 / 2012

800,0
SELF ALIGNING
TORQUE
m.N

32/66-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5bar
Speed: 100 kph

600,0

400,0

200,0

SLIP ANGLE
0,0
-8,0 -7,0 -6,0 -5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0

-200,0

LOAD (daN)
300

375
-400,0

450

525

600
-600,0

-800,0

H-32

Release 8.1 / 2012

1000

32/66-13
Camber:0 degrees
900
Pressure:1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph
800

CORNERING
FORCE
daN

700

600

500

400

300

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

2,25
3,5

100

4,75
6
0
0

100

200

300

400

Load (daN)

H-33

500

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

1200

32/66-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure: 1,5bar
Speed:100 kph

1000

CORNERING
FORCE
daN
800

600

400

Slip Angle (degrees)

1

200

2,25
3,5
4,75
6

0
0

100

200

300
Load (daN)

H-34

400

500

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

0,0
0

100

200

300

32/66-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure: 1,5bar
-100,0
Speed:100 kph

-200,0

400

500

600

700

Load (daN)

SELF ALIGNING
TORQUE
m.N

-300,0

-400,0

-500,0

Slip Angle (degrees)

1

2,25
-600,0

3,5
4,75
6

-700,0

H-35

Release 8.1 / 2012

350

32/66-13
Camber: 0 degrees
Pressure:1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph

300

Cornering
Stiffness
daN/deg
250

200

150

100

50

Load (daN)
0
0

100

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

300

400

2,25

H-36

500

3,5

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

300

32/66-13
Camber: -4 degrees
Pressure:1,5 bar
Speed:100 kph

250

Cornering
Stiffness
daN/deg

200

150

100

50

100

Slip Angle (degrees)

200

300
400
Load (daN)

2,25

H-37

500

3,5

600

700

Release 8.1 / 2012

5.3. Front tyre Pacejka coefficient

Dimension 26/64-13
Formulation : MF5.2
Coefficients D(Z) & G(Z):
Coefficient

Pky10
Pky11
Pky20
Pky21

D(Z)
Value
-23,5211
-16,4543
-0,5475
1,4382

Coefficient

Qdz10
Qdz11
Qdz20
Qdz21

G(Z)
Value
0,2860
-0,1003
0,0304
-0,0150

Coefficients Fy0 & Mz0:

Coefficient

Pcy1
Pdy1
Pdy2
Pdy3
Pey1
Pey2
Pey3
Pey4
Pky1
Pky2
Pky3
Phy1
Phy2
Phy3
Pvy1
Pvy2
Pvy3
Pvy4

Modelisation Fy0
P=1.30
P=1.50
1,0000
1,0000
1,8717
1,7712
-0,5521
-0,4074
0,1000
0,1000
-0,4839
-0,6364
-1,7890
-1,9706
0,0414
-0,0019
-4,0493
-1,4293
-44,9116
-48,2025
1,3221
1,6098
0,2427
4,5480
-0,0013
-0,0022
0,0014
0,0017
0,0459
0,1517
-0,0249
-0,0523
0,0465
0,0673
-1,2911
0,9834
-1,6690
-2,7501

P=1.70
1,0000
1,7055
-0,3150
0,1000
-0,5328
-1,8496
-0,0013
-1,2890
-51,4933
1,8974
4,8489
-0,0029
0,0022
0,1757
-0,0764
0,0872
1,6279
-2,6949

Coefficient

Qbz1
Qbz2
Qbz3
Qbz4
Qbz5
Qbz9
Qbz10
Qcz1
Qdz1
Qdz2
Qdz3
Qdz4
Qdz6
Qdz7
Qdz8
Qdz9
Qez1
Qez2
Qez3
Qez4
Qez5
Qhz1
Qhz2
Qhz3
Qhz4

Modelisation Mz0
P=1.30
P=1.50
5,9591
4,1715
-8,3889
1,1969
7,9424
-1,3337
7,0193
0,0123
12,4708
5,6498
7,2924
6,2298
0,0000
0,0000
1,1156
3,0669
0,1557
0,1356
0,0108
0,0078
-1,8599
-5,5951
-57,8305
-59,4210
-0,0173
-0,0173
0,0008
-0,0010
-0,9872
-0,8725
-0,4438
-0,8600
-1,4992
0,0574
-4,5210
0,0896
-3,3295
-0,6546
50,3707
23,1364
-227,6028
395,1045
0,0097
0,0075
-0,0008
-0,0266
0,2549
0,2028
-0,1527
-0,2498

P=1.70
3,7834
0,2340
-0,6447
0,0114
2,0084
0,3505
0,0000
2,7248
0,1155
0,0048
-8,7048
-60,7722
-0,0157
0,0017
-0,7614
-0,8314
0,0315
-0,8568
-1,2126
14,8343
179,2389
0,0222
-0,0376
-0,1339
-0,6327

Coefficients Mx & Reff:

Modelisation Mx
Coefficient
Qsx1
Qsx2
Qsx3

P=1.30
-0,4681
1,2977
0,0148

P=1.50
-0,4584
1,3556
0,0091

Modlisation Reff
P=1.70
-0,4539
1,4968
0,0054

Coefficient
B
Cz
D
F

P=1.30
30,1108
210372,2416
0,2989
0,1215

Cz = Vertical stiffness (N/m)

H-38

P=1.50
24,3592
236541,6313
0,3425
0,1118

P=1.70
40,7193
261299,0161
0,3462
0,1457

Release 8.1 / 2012

5.4. Rear tyre Pacejka model

Dimension 32/66-13
Formulation : MF5.2
Coefficients D(Z) et G(Z):
Coefficient

Pky10
Pky11
Pky20
Pky21

D(Z)
Value
-31,0161
-17,7096
-0,4539
1,4822

Coefficient

Qdz10
Qdz11
Qdz20
Qdz21

G(Z)
Value
0,2662
-0,0938
0,0530
-0,0246

Coefficients Fy0 & Mz0:

Coefficient

Pcy1
Pdy1
Pdy2
Pdy3
Pey1
Pey2
Pey3
Pey4
Pky1
Pky2
Pky3
Phy1
Phy2
Phy3
Pvy1
Pvy2
Pvy3
Pvy4

Modelisation Fy0
P=1.30
P=1.50
1,0000
1,0000
2,0281
1,8544
-0,6321
-0,3063
0,1000
0,1000
-0,1465
-0,3072
-1,1931
-1,5188
-0,0016
-0,0021
9,1923
1,5465
-54,0385
-57,5805
1,4729
1,7694
0,2132
5,2422
-0,0016
-0,0023
0,0010
0,0010
0,0317
0,1629
-0,0382
-0,0619
0,0445
0,0422
-1,7374
1,5101
-1,8594
-3,1906

P=1.70
1,0000
1,6565
-0,0438
0,1000
-0,2456
-1,4755
-0,0023
0,2014
-61,1224
2,0658
5,5850
-0,0029
0,0025
0,2135
-0,0793
0,0882
2,6556
-3,0803

Coefficient

Qbz1
Qbz2
Qbz3
Qbz4
Qbz5
Qbz9
Qbz10
Qcz1
Qdz1
Qdz2
Qdz3
Qdz4
Qdz6
Qdz7
Qdz8
Qdz9
Qez1
Qez2
Qez3
Qez4
Qez5
Qhz1
Qhz2
Qhz3
Qhz4

Modelisation Mz0
P=1.30
P=1.50
8,1433
8,3410
-9,0124
1,4002
6,7204
-10,1225
-0,0065
-0,0009
4,1527
6,0038
-10,3179
-5,0957
0,0000
0,0000
1,1065
1,6250
0,1443
0,1255
0,0211
0,0161
-5,3373
-2,1979
-133,1042
29,2378
-0,0100
-0,0119
-0,0053
0,0018
-0,9340
-1,2637
-0,5575
-1,0200
0,2448
0,0068
0,7453
-0,1264
0,5313
0,6360
-98,0406
-127,7246
12,5091
-930,2113
0,0121
0,0125
0,0079
-0,0008
0,0847
0,1660
0,1688
-0,1105

P=1.70
9,6125
1,1367
-10,5111
-0,0003
-3,1066
8,6430
0,0000
1,5895
0,1067
0,0112
0,3141
249,7538
-0,0123
0,0021
-1,4015
-1,4455
-0,0122
0,0124
0,2731
-128,1802
-604,8304
0,0066
0,0012
-1,0093
0,2223

Coefficients Mx & Reff:

Modelisation Mx
Coefficient
Qsx1
Qsx2
Qsx3

P=1.30
-0,4703
1,7357
-0,0042

P=1.50
-0,4567
1,8487
-0,0087

Modelisation Reff
P=1.70
-0,4433
1,9676
-0,0119

Coefficient
B
Cz
D
F

H-39

P=1.30
73,0921
215051,9007
0,2938
0,0995

P=1.50
70,8657
241781,8399
0,3291
0,1096

P=1.70
54,0922
267355,6577
0,3557
0,1146

Release 8.1 / 2012

Transitory Coefficients
Coefficient

Kz
Pty1
Pty2
Qtz1
Mbelt

P=1.30
500,0000
1,6232
1,4739
0,0000
0,0000

H-40

P=1.50
500,0000
1,7606
1,7694
0,0000
0,0000

P=1.70
500,0000
1,9225
2,0649
0,0000
0,0000