UMTS Network Summary

Network Summary & Siemens Solution
Siemens
Contents
1
1.1
1.2
2
3
4
5
6
UTRAN
Node B
RNC
User Equipment UE
Core Network CN
Operation Subsystem OSS
Exercise
Solution
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2002 Siemens AG
3
4
14
23
29
37
43
51
Siemens
TM2201EU04TM_0002
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Siemens
UTRAN
Network Summary &
Siemens Solution
Core Network CN
Iu
Iu
RNS
Radio
Network
System
UTRAN
Iur
RNC
RNC
Radio Network
Controller
Radio Network
Controller
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
BTS
BTS BTS BTS
BTS
BTS BTS BTS
Uu
Uu
UE
UTRAN
UE
Fig. 1
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1.1
Node B
The Node B is a physical unit for implementing UMTS radio transmission. Depending
on the cell type, one (omni) cell or multiple (sector) cells can be serviced by one
Node B. The UMTS system is also open for the use of smart antennas, thereby
providing even greater system capacity (Space Division Multiple Access SDMA).
The Node B can be used for FDD, TDD or dual mode operation. Collocation with
GSM BTS's is recommended in order to save costs.
The Node B is connected via the Uu interface with the different UE of a cell or cells,
and via the Iub interface with an RNC.
The UTRAN interfaces Iu, Iur and Iub are ATM-based. The Node B is therefore used
as an ATM termination point. STM-1 or STM-4 lines (155.5 and 622 Mbit/s
respectively) or their American or Japanese equivalents (TS 25.411/421/431) are
recommended for Layer-1 implementation of the Iu, Iur and Iub interfaces.
The Node B converts user and signaling data received from the RNC via the Iub
interface for transport over the radio interface, Uu, and vice versa. This activity
includes safeguarding of the information against loss (Forward Error Correction FEC)
in addition to the preparation for WCDMA transmission (spreading and modulation)
and RF handling.
Node B's are involved in Power Control. Its own power is controlled in accordance
with the Transmit Power Control TPC information received from the UE's (Inner Loop
Power Control). The Node B also measures the S/N ratio of the UE, compares the
value with predefined values (Outer Loop Power Control) and instructs the UE with
the TPC information DL to control its transmission power.
The Node B also measures the quality and strength of the links and determines the
Frame Error Rate FER. The data is transmitted in a measurement report to the Node
B and is used there as a basis for handover and Macro Diversity Combining.
The Node B performs Micro Diversity Combining (FDD Softer Handover) itself.
Additional transport capacities to the RNC are not required.
Refer to the 3G TS 25.104 / 25.105 (FDD / TDD) for details and technical parameters
regarding Node B functions (Radio Transmission & Reception).
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Node B functions:
Overview
Node B:
physical unit
implements 1 / more cells
FDD / TDD or Dual-Mode operation
interfaced to: UE via Uu / RNC via Iub
ATM termination (Iub)
Data conversion Uu transmission
Uu
UE
Node B
Iub
Inner Loop PC
measures connection quality & strength
produces Measurement Report for RNC
FDD: Micro-Diversity (Softer HoV)
RNC
Fig. 2
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Siemens
Node B Data conversion

A Node B converts user and signaling information received from the RNC via the Iub
interface for transport over the radio interface, Uu, and in the opposite direction.
Encoding & interleaving
This activity includes safeguarding of the data (Forward Error Correction FEC) for
transport over the relatively insecure air interface. The data can be given redundancy
encoding. This is usually accomplished with so-called convolutional coding. The
options available in UMTS are 1/1 (no redundancy), 1/2 (each bit redundant) and 1/3
(each bit doubly redundant). In addition, turbo coding is also defined as an option.
The redundant information is then de-spread with regard to time so-called
interleaving. The interleaving lengths are between 20 ms and 80 ms according to the
data rate used over the Uu.
Rate matching
After encoding and interleaving, the data rates of the service used must be adapted
to the data rates that are possible over the radio interface (the bearer rates). This
process is known as rate matching. This adaptation is necessary because only
specific data rates are possible for the spreading process.
Spreading & modulation
After the rate matching, the data is split into two different branches an I-branch and
a Q-branch. I and Q branches are first separately spread by linking with the
channelization and scrambling codes, and are then modulated by QPSK. The
resulting HF signals are summed, amplified (under consideration of the power
control) and filtered. The HF signal must be filtered in order to prevent interfering
sidebands. Interference with other frequency bands should be minimized. 99% of the
total radiated power must be contained in the 5-MHz bandwidth of a UMTS frequency
band.
For additional details on data conversion for Uu and further references, consult the
3G TS 25.201.
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Siemens
Node B:
data conversion
Spreading
Channelisation
Code
Scrambling
Code
Matches:
Bearer Rate
(Service dependent)
Uu Rate
Iub
I Branch
QPSK
Modulation
Rate
Matching
Q Branch
5
Amplify
& Filter
Uu
Conversion
Conversion
TS
TS25.201
25.201
* *Iub
L1
TS
Iub L1 TS25.431
25.431
InterEnleaving coding
FEC:
Convolutional Coding:
1/1,1/2, 1/3
ATM via
STM-1/-4*
(PCM30)
Fig. 3
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Spreading
The subscriber data (user data and subscriber signaling data) is split into two
different branches (serial parallel conversion) after the rate matching. The two
branches are known as the I- and Q-branches (I for the imaginary, Q for the real
part).
Both branches are spread with the same spreading code sequences. The
channelization code (OVSF code tree) provides the data with its user-specific code.
The data is adapted to the chip rate of 3.84 Mchip/s. The scrambling code gives the
data its BTS-related code. The information can only be reconverted to its original
form (de-spreading) by using the same synchronized code in the UE.
QPSK modulation
The spreading process is followed by the modulation of the data. UMTS uses
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) to modulate. Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
means that the information is transmitted in the form of shifts in the phase of the
carrier frequency. Quadrature PSK means that a total of four different phase shifting
options are available. They each allow a 2-bit pair to be represented as a single
information unit: '00', '01', '10' and '11'. The information unit transmitted over the radio
interface is known as a symbol. A symbol therefore has 2 bits in the QPSK
modulation method used in UMTS.
The information in the I-branch is represented as the phase shift of a carrier
frequency generated by an oscillator. The representation of a '1' results in a phase
shift of 270, the representation of a '0' in a phase shift of 90. The phase of the
carrier wave is shifted by 90 for the Q-branch. The representation of '1' or '0' results
in a phase shift of 180 or 0 respectively for this branch.
After then adding the I- and Q-branches together, the four possible phase shifts of
45, 135, 225 and 315 shown in the phase diagram are obtained. These shifts
represent the symbol information '00', '01', '11' and '10'.
Details on the topics of spreading and modulation can be found in the 3G TS 25.213
and 25.223 (FDD / TDD).
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QPSK Modulation
Phase Modulation
I
Branch
1 270
0 90
Spreading
Rc
I Branch
sin(2Ffct)
Oscillator: fc
5
Q
Branch
11
135
Scrambling
Code
Channelisation
Code
90
Phase Shift
Serial
Parallel
binary
Data
Rs
cos(2Ffct)
1 180
0 0
Q Branch
Rc
00
45
Symbol &
Phase Shift
11
225
10
315
Fig. 4
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Siemens
Siemens Node B's

The different Siemens / NEC Node B's cover all different radio interface aspects, the
UTRA FDD and TDD mode as well as the TD-SCDMA mode and Dual-Mode
UMTS/GSM operation. The whole range of hierarchical cells, from Pico over Micro to
Macro Cells will be covered.
NB-530/531: The FDD Macro Node B are the Siemens start-up solution for fast
introduction of UMTS. The Node B is highly flexible, offering a number of possible
configurations, ranging from (1/0/0) to "full blown" (2/2/2) configuration (using an
extension rack).
NB-440/441: The Compact FDD Node B is specifically designed for mass rollout of
UMTS. The small-size Node B has a high capacity ranging from (2/2/2) configuration
(NB-440/441) to a "full blown" (2/2/2/2/2/2) respectively (3/3/3) configuration (NB440) by using an extension rack. The NB-440/441 is smaller, lighter in weight and
generates higher capacity than the start-up NB-530/531.
NB-540: The High Capacity Macro FDD Node B will provide very high capacity and
large cell coverage. It is designed for deployment in spreading cities where there is
generally high user density not concentrated in hot spots. It can support up to 4 FDD
TRX in each cell, so that in total 12 TRX are available to carry the high load. The NB540 is equal in size to the NB-530 but provides double capacity.
NB-640G: This Node B can be configured as GSM/UMTS co-located BS. In this
scenario, the NB-640G accommodates a UMTS shelf with NB-440 capacity and a 6TRX GSM BS. This enables the expansion of existing GSM-sites to GSM/UMTS sites
without any loss of capacity. As an alternative, it is also possible to replace the GSM
shelf by an UMTS service compartment, which provides space for power supply,
battery back-up and transmission equipment.
NB-341: This Micro FDD Node B is a smart, 1 TRX omni-solution. It is optimized for
low-cost and easy-to-handle solution because of low weight and small dimensions. It
can easily and quickly installed on walls because it is housed in a special outdoor
cabinet. The NB-341 can be complemented with boosters to extend coverage. For
instance 3 NB-341 can be grouped to form a (1/1/1) site.
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Siemens Node Bs
NB-
150
Indoor
Outdoor
Mode
TDD
Dimension
FDD
up to
carrier
1/1/1
1
compact
Node
441
< 10 l
h/w/d [mm]
Remarks
440
Configuration
Size
341
530
531
x
x
FDD
up to
2/2/2
(3/3/3)
FDD
540
640G
430TS
FDD
FDD
TDD*
x
FDD
FDD
up to
up to
up to
2/2/2
1/1/1
4/4/4
up to
2/2/2
+ 6 TRx
GSM
610
1175/
1325/
1800/
2250/
1800/
2020/
470/148 450/600 650/700 600/600 2300/600 600/600 450/600
1-3
1(2) Rack
compact (Extension 1 Rack

Node
Rack)
Pico
Micro
TDD
FDD
Node B Node B
Compact FDD
Node B
1 or 2
Rack(s)
1 Rack
Macro FDD
Node B
1 Rack
1..3
carrier
1500/
600/450
1 Rack
1 Rack
High
UMTS
Capacity
FDD
Macro
& GSM
Node B
TDSCDMA
*TD-SCDMA
Fig. 5
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Siemens
NB-150: The Pico TDD Node B (1 TRX) is developed to be placed on top of FDD hot
spots, where a high-density of 3G mobile users is expected. It is of very low weight
and small dimension and can easily be installed in indoor areas.
NB-430TS: The NB-430 TS is the world's first Node B for TD-SCDMA. This indoor
Node B can be equipped with 1..3 TRX and offers full 3G mobile Internet and
wireless multimedia transmission. It as an SBS family member and can easily be
integrated into existing GSM networks.
Remarks: This Node B description is preliminary. Therefore, technical parameters
might be changed.
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Siemens
Siemens Node Bs
NB-640G
UMTS FDD + GSM
(Examples)
NB-440/441
Compact FDD
NB-341
Micro FDD
Fig. 6
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Siemens
1.2
RNC
Summary RNC functions

The RNC is the central control unit in the UTRAN for a flexible number of Node B's.
The RNC is linked with the Core Network (CN), the Node B's or other RNC's via the
Iu, Iub and Iur interfaces. All 3 interfaces are ATM-based and should preferentially
use STM-1/STM-4 or their American or Japanese equivalents for transmission.
The RNC's are autonomously responsible for Radio Resource Management (RRM)
i.e., independent from the CN. RRM is taken to mean functions required for assigning
resources and maintaining links. The following are examples of RNC functions.
Admission Control
Admission Control refers to the analysis of resources required for a requested
service, the control of the availability of the resources and, if necessary, the
reservation of the resources or rejection of a new user. Its purpose is to prevent
congestion situations from occurring. Admission Control uses measurements of the
interference level for its analyses. Existing links must not be allowed to be impaired
by new links (initial access or handover) that could raise the interference level above
a critical limit. The calculation of packet-switched transmissions in particular presents
difficulties because the precise time of UL transmission cannot be determined. The
load on a carrier must therefore be limited. Loads of up to 50% of the maximum TRX
load are regarded as "safe". Simultaneous UL PS transmissions at higher data rates
are possible in higher TRX load ranges ("flexible range" / "soft" capacity limit in
CDMA systems) for short periods. The interference level in the "flexible" range for
TRX loads of up to 80% rises exponentially but does not yet cause deterioration in
the link quality. Increases in interference beyond this range must be prevented
because otherwise a link to other remote UE may break (unstable range). What is
more, the increase in interference level may also increase the interference levels in
neighboring cells resulting in the worst case in a domino effect.
Code Allocation
The RNC decides whether to allocate code resources in the cells assigned to it in
other words, channelization codes for DL transmission and scrambling codes for UL
transmission. The allocation of channelization codes must be carefully planned
because a code can block an entire branch of the code tree. It may even be
necessary to renegotiate codes.
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RNC functions:
Summary
UTRAN
UTRANfunctions:
functions:
TS
TS25.401
25.401
Node B
Iub
Iub
Node B
D-RNC
Iub
Iur
S-RNC
Combining /
Splitting
Iu
CN
Node B
autonomous RRM:
Admission Control
Radio Resource Control RRC
Radio Bearer Setup / Release
Code Allocation
Power Control
Congestion Control (Packet Scheduling)
Handover Control (incl. Combining / Splitting)
S-RNS Relocation
Ciphering & Deciphering
Protocol conversion (Iu Iub, Iur)
ATM switching & multiplexing
O&M tasks
Fig. 7
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Siemens
Radio bearer setup / release

Controls the setup of a link, modifications during a call and call releases.
Congestion Control
Congestion Control is used to monitor and detect congestion situations. Its purpose is
to detect congestion situations in time (before their occurrence if possible) and return
the system to a stable position as quickly as possible. Renegotiation of the
transmission rate may be used in this case.
Power Control
Fast control of transmission power is essential in UMTS so as to limit interference
levels and maintain transmission quality. The RNC specifies (Outer Loop Power
Control) the target quality (S/N)def for the Inner Loop Power Control.
Handover Control
The RNC makes decisions on soft and hard handovers and coordinates them. Links
via the Iur interface are required between neighboring RNC's during inter-RNC
software handovers. The RNC's involved in an inter-RNC soft handover are classified
as serving or drift RNC's (S-RNC / D-RNC) according to their functionality. S-RNC's
coordinate handovers, contain the active set information, are responsible for
combining and splitting of the data streams, and allocate resources. D-RNC's are
only responsible for allocation of resources.
S-RNC relocation
The movement of UE involved in an inter-RNC soft handover can cause the S-RNC
functionality to be relocated to the previous D-RNC. This function is known as S-RNC
relocation.
In addition to the RRM functions, the RNC is responsible for many other functions,
such as the following:
l
Ciphering and deciphering of transmission information
Backward Error Correction, BEC (Acknowledged Mode / Non-Real-Time (NRT)

Transmission)
Conversion of the protocols from the Iu to Iub or Iur interface
Switching and multiplexing of ATM cells
Merging of PS and CS information from the CN
Operation & Maintenance functions
The 3G TS 25.401 provides an overview of the RNC / UTRAN functions.
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Admission Control
& Code Allocation
Admission Control:
prevents overload on Uu
separate for UL /DL
Grants / Rejects new participants
(e.g. at UE initial access, Handover,..)
Interference
level
Unstabile
range
SF = 1
SF = 4
SF = 8
CC4,0 = (1,1,1,1)
CC2,0 = (1,1)
CC4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
CC1,0 = (1)
CC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Code
Tree
flexible
range
SF = 2
CC2,1 = (1,-1)
CC4,2 = (1,-1,-1,1)
safe
range
10
30
Code Allocation:
50
70
TRX-Load (%)
90
DL: User separated by orthogonal CCs

1 Code blocks total branch
restricted Code resources (capacity !)
careful Code allocation
& Code Re-Negotiation
Fig. 8
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Siemens
Siemens RNC: RN-750

The RNC is the central component of the Radio Network Subsystem RNS. The RN750 uses an internal ATM switch. It has very flexible capacity in terms of processing
power and number and type of interfaces. The RN-750 has a scalable architecture
based on a very modular switching platform and a standardized network
management interface. It is designed to support FDD mode as well as TDD mode
Node B's within the same piece of equipment. This makes a seamless handover
between TDD and FDD connections possible. The RN-750 can link-up with hundreds
of Node B's via dedicated or multiplexed Iub interfaces.
Functional structure of the RNC
The RNC consists of:
18
ATM switch unit: The ATM switch unit perform ATM cell switching function.
RNC controller: The RNC controller terminates the control protocol at layer 3 or
above, performs call control and trunk management/control. It performs O&M
related processing and controls routing of ATM cells between processors and
switch. It provides internal control signal monitoring functions. Furthermore, it
provides processor recovery control and periodical alarm supervision.
Trunk unit: The trunk unit performs routing of cells between ATM software and
trunk. It terminates the U-MSC and Node B's signals. It provides diverted handover
function and mapping function between the transport channels and logical
channels.
U-MSC Interface unit: The U-MSC interface unit consists of a line interface unit
and ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) multiplexing unit for handling of RNC internal
and external AAL2 cells. It terminates the SDH line (from U-MSC) and performs
alarm handling.
Node B Interface unit: The Node B interface unit consists of a line interface unit
and an AAL2 multiplexing unit for handling of AAL2 cells. It terminates the E1 (E3)
lines and performs alarm handling.
O&M Interface unit: The O&M interface unit is communication ports and connected
to O&M facilities (LMT, RC).
TM2201EU04TM_0002
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Siemens
Siemens
RNC:
RN-750
RNC: Functional Structure
Node
B
Iub
Node B
Interface
Unit
Trunk
Unit
Minimum Configuration:
700 mm
3 Frames
ATM
Switch
Unit
U-MSC
Interface
Unit
RNC
Controller
Extension
Iu
U-MSC
LMT
O
Radio
Commander
RNC Controller:
each
each
Cards &
Disks
FRAME
Shelf
contains
contains
4
Shelves
1 full-size
or
modules
+ fuse panels
+ cooling fans
+ cabling HW
2 half-wide
modules
according to
system
configuration
are plugged
into the
1800
mm
terminates control protocol L3

CC & trunk management/control
O&M related processing
controls ATM cell routing
between processors & switch
internal control signal monitoring
Processor recovery control
Periodical alarm supervision
Trunk Unit:
600
mm
terminates U-MSC & Node B signal

provides diverted HO function
mapping Transport Logical Channel
Fig. 9
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Siemens
RN-750 Layout and Dimensions

Hardware components or the RN-750 are housed in frames. One frame is of 1800 x
700 x 600 mm size.
Each frame contains four shelves, in addition to fuse panels, cooling fan systems and
cabling hardware. To each shelf, one full-size module or two half-wide modules are
mounted, i.e. up to eight half-size modules per frame.
Cards and disks are plugged into the modules according to system configuration.
Fuse panels are located on the top stage of the frame. The size and number of fuse
panels to be mounted depends on the power consumption of the modules loaded on
the frame.
Cooling for the frame is provided by forced air-cooling fan systems. A standard frame
carries two fan systems, where the mounting position of the fan systems depends on
the heat generation of the modules loaded on the frame.
The RN-750 is highly scalable. Its minimum configuration comprises 3 frames. The
minimum configuration can even be reduced to 2 frames for cases where no RNC
connection is required to a packet switched core network domain. The hardware
structure of the RN-750 is highly modular and easy to extend. Its design ensures both
expandability and the ability to cope with future requirements. The RN-750 was
designed to handle any mix of traffic such as voice, CS and PS data with a minimum
of hardware.
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Siemens
RN-750
Minimum
Configuration
Fig. 10
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Siemens
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User Equipment UE
Network Summary &
Siemens Solution
Core Network CN
Iu
Iu
UTRAN
RNS
Radio
Network
System
Iur
RNC
RNC
Radio Network
Controller
Radio Network
Controller
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
BTS
BTS BTS BTS
BTS
BTS BTS BTS
Uu
Uu
UE
User
Equipment
UE
Fig. 11
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Siemens
User Equipment (UE) functions

With regard to functions, UE is a mirror image of the UTRAN and CN. In terms of
radio transmission, UE is the opposite of a Node B.
Data for transmission is likewise provided with redundancy and spread using
encoding and interleaving processes in order to prevent any loss of data during radio
transmission.
In addition, the transmission rate must be adapted in a rate matching process to the
data rates possible after the spreading.
The data is split into I- and Q-branches and spread using channelization and
spreading codes. Unlike the Node B, the channelization code in UE is used to
distinguish different applications of the same UE, while the scrambling code is used
to identify the UE. The FDD mode has a particular attribute: user data and userrelated signaling data pass separately through the I- or Q-branch and are assigned
different channelization codes (different SF's are possible).
The data is modulated by QPSK, summed, amplified, filtered and routed to the UE
antenna.
Regarding the power control PC, the UE is also the counterpart to the Node B. Open
and Inner Loop PC's are used for power control of the UE, TPC information is
exchanged with the Node B for the Inner Loop PC. The UE receives comparison
values for Inner Loop PC from the RNC.
Like the Node B, the UE constantly measures the quality and strength of a link, the
interference level and also the strength of the near BTS's. The data is sent to the
Node B and from there is transmitted together with the Node B measurements to the
RNC in a measurement report.
In regard to many of its functions, the UE is the opposite of the RNC. Like the RNC,
however, the UE is involved in Backward Error Correction BEC for Non-Real Time
NRT Transmission (Acknowledged Mode).
The UE is the counterpart to the RNC in regard to the Radio Resource Control RRC.
It requests allocation of radio resources, plays the opposing role during
renegotiations, sets up contact during handovers (at the request of the RNC) to the
new BTS's and is alone responsible for cell selection during PS transmission.
The UE is also the counterpart during ciphering and deciphering.
The UE is the counterpart to the CN in many of its functions.
The UE participates in Mobility Management, initiates updates to the location
information (Location Registration / Update for VLR / SGSN), is the counterpart
during authentication and IMEI checks, and does much more.
In addition, the UE communicates directly with the CN to negotiate bearer capacity
and to request special services.
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UE functions
I Branch
UE
QPSK
Modulation
Rate
Matching
Spreading
functions
Q Branch
like
Node B
S
Data
Amplify
& Filter
UE as Node B counterpart, e.g.:

FEC (Encoding & Interleaving), Rate Matching
Spreading & Modulation, RF Processing
Power Control (Open & Inner Loop)
Measurements (FER, S/N, Quality & strength),..
UE as RNC counterpart, e.g.:
BEC (Acknowledged Transmission)
participates at RRC (Request,..)
Handover & Cell (Re-)Selection
(De-)Ciphering,....
Encoding
Interleaving
UE as CN counterpart, e.g.:
Mobility Management
(Location Registration, Authentication,
IMEI Check, ...)
Service Request &Bearer Negotiation
UE
UERadio
RadioTransmission
Transmission
TS
TS25.101
25.101/ /102
102(FDD/TDD)
(FDD/TDD)
Fig. 12
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Siemens
User Equipment Diversification

UMTS will be able to offer an extremely large variety of applications. The
conventional GSM services (bearer and tele services) equivalent to the GSM Rel. '99
will be available. In addition, a large number of new services will become globally
available in the form of flexible bearer services with adaptable, dynamic data rates of
up to 2 Mbit/s thanks to the flexible definition of services allowed by the UMTS VHE
(Virtual Home Environment) concept.
As a result, the proven GSM telecommunication services, such as speech
transmission (with flexible rates Adaptive Multirate Speech AMR), SMS and fax
transmission along with data transmissions at low data rates will be possible in
UMTS.
Added to this, UMTS will allow versatile applications, particularly in the area of data
transmission with medium and high data rates (simultaneous speech, image and data
transmission). Examples of the use of UMTS UE include the following:
l
Company data transmission (e.g. teleworking, mobile offices, virtual work groups,
etc.)
Information research (e.g., Internet surfing, online media, etc.)
Education (e.g., virtual schools, online laboratories, libraries, viewings, etc.)
Entertainment (e.g., games, music clips, video clip, etc. on demand)
Public services (e.g., surveys, public voting)
Telemetric services (e.g., navigation systems, fleet management, etc.)
Financial services (e.g., mobile banking, online payment, USIM as credit card,
etc.)
Special services (e.g., security, telemedicine, hotlines, etc.)
Buzz words and catchphrases such as "Internet for everyone", "multimedia services"
and "global, seamless roaming, anytime, anywhere, for everyone" indicate a huge
potential for applications that may not yet even be conceived.
26
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2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
UE
Diversification
UE as relays node
to Terminal Equipment
Simple equipment:
speech only /
speech & low data rates
Integrated equipment:
Handheld PC
(Multimedia)
Bluetooth
/ IR
Special equipment, e.g.:

writing pads
remote supervision
game boys
Video-Phone
Fig. 13
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
27
Siemens
28
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Siemens
Core Network CN
Network Summary &
Siemens Solution
A
IWF/
TC
GSM
BSS
PSTN
MSC /
VLR
GMSC
Gb
HLR-i
CSE
EIR
HLR AC
Iu(CS)
SGSN
UTRAN
Iu(PS)
ISDN
U-MSC
Gn
GGSN G
i
CN
IP
X.25
Core Network CN
Fig. 14
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Siemens
Integrated U-MSC
The Integrated U-MSC consists of a MSC/VLR functionality to handle CS traffic and a
SGSN functionality to handle PS traffic.
The U-MSC can roughly be divided into the following sub-units:
l
EWSD CS1.0 platform
ATM Main Processor MP platform
ATM Server Processor SP platform
EWSD CS1.0 platform

The EWSD CS1.0 with UMTS applications covers the "classical" 2G MSC- and the
VLR-functionality. In addition, it provides an internal interface for 3G CS data to the
ATM platforms. The EWSD part serves the A-interface towards the GSM BSS, the Dinterface towards the HLR and the E-interface towards other U-MSC respectively the
2G G-MSC.
The EWSD platform part comprises the following main hardware components:
l
Line Trunk Groups LTG
Switching Network SN
Coordination Processor CP113
Message Buffer MB
Central Clock Generator CCG
Furthermore, for CS-data handling, the Signaling System Network Control SSNC is
necessary (implemented in the ATM MP platform part).
ATM Main Processor MP platform
The ATM MP platform part incorporates the Signaling System Network Control SSNC
for CS SS7 (MTP & SCCP) handling. Its central aspect is the handling of PS data, i.e.
the SGSN functionality. It connects the U-MSC towards HLR-i (Gr-interface) and
towards UTRAN (Iu-interface). Internally, it is connected to the ATM SP platform
parts and to the EWSD platform part.
30
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Integrated U-MSC
LTG: Line/Trunk Group

CCG: Central Clock Generator
CP: Coordination Processor
MB: Message Buffer
Block Diagram
E
HLR/ C/D
AC
LTG
LTG
SN
Switching
Network
MB
G-MSC
LTG
CCG
EWSD
platform
LIC: Line Interface Circuit

TCP: TRAU Server Card
MCP: Main Control Processor
CP113
ATM MP platform ATM SP platform

HLR/ Gr
AC
LIC:E1
MP:PD/SH
MP:SM
MP:MM
MP:SLT
MP:RANAP
RNC
ASN
ATM
Switching
Network
MP:ACC
MP:STM1
TCP
MP:STATS
LIC:E1/STM1
MP:OAM
Iu
Gn
LIC:GTP
SP:GTP
MCP
LIC:STM1
Switch
Commander
GGSN
Main Processor MP for:
SM: Signaling Management
SLT: SS7 Signaling Link
Termination
RANAP: RANAP Signaling
PD/SH: Packet Dispatching
& Session Handling
MM: Mobility Management
ACC: Accounting
STATS: Statistics
Service
Processor MP for:
GTP: GTP Signaling
Fig. 15
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31
Siemens
The ATM MP platform part comprises the following main hardware components:
l
Main Processors MP: used for the operating system and the application software.
All PS specific functions (e.g. Session Management SM, Mobility Management
MM, Packet Dispatching PD) are realized on the MPs. Furthermore, some CS
specific functions are realized on MPs. The software load types running on the
MPs are: MP:PD/SH (Packet Dispatching & Session Handling), MP:MM (Mobility
Management), MP:SM (Signaling Management), MP:SLT (SS7 Signaling Link
Termination), MP:ACC (Accounting), MP:RANAP(RANAP signaling), MP:OAM
(O&M tasks), MP:STATS (statistics).
Line Interface Cards LIC: within the ATM MP platform providing connectivity to the
ASN from Gr-interface (LIC:E1), Iu-interface (LIC:E1 or LIC:STM1) and line
interfaces to the ATM SP platform (LIC:STM1)
ATM Switching Network, to interconnect the MPs and LICs
TRAU server card TSC: the TSC is responsible for transcoding and rate
adaptation of the CS data and the Interworking Function IWF toward the Iuinterface.
ATM SP platform
The ATM SP platform parts handle is used for the support of the Gb interface toward
the GSM BSS, i.e. for conversion of Frame Relay to ATM. Furthermore, it is used for
Gn support toward other GPRS nodes (GGSN, SGSN), i.e. for protocol conversion
from internal U-MSC protocol to the GRPS Tunneling Protocol GTP and IP protocol.
The ATM SP platform part comprises the following main hardware components:
32
Server Processors SP: used for the operating system and the application software.
The SP:GTP handles the Gn-interface aspects and user plane aspects for the Iuinterface. The SP:BSSGP handles Gb-interface aspects.
Line Interface Cards LIC: used to connect the ATM SP platform parts to the Gn- or
Gb-interface.
Main Control Processor card MCP: used e.g. for the central control of the system,
stores the system software and system configuration parameters.
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
U-MSC
General Architecture
SIEMENS
SIEMENS
GSM
BSS
SIEMENS
EWSD
EWSD
Gb
platform
platform
GMSC
D
Gr
HLR-i
GGSN
ATM
ATM SP
SP
platform
platform
EWSD
platform
UTRAN
Iu
Gn
ATM
ATM
MP
MP
platform
platform
ATM
ATM SP
SP
platform
platform
U-MSC
ATM MP
platform
ATM SP platform
Fig. 16
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
33
Siemens
HLR Innovation HLR-i

The HLR-i is based on a server platform with UNIX operating system, the GP7000
family. It performs HLR and Authentication Center AC functionality for GSM and
UMTS and will be used from UCR 2.0 on. The UMTS security parameter
(Authentication Vector or Quintets) is enhanced compared to the GSM security
parameter (Triples).
34
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
HLR-i
GP7000 family
HLR & AC
functions
GP7000 Model 600R
GP7000 Model 400R
GP7000 Model 200R
Fig. 17
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
35
Siemens
36
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens

Network Summary &
Siemens Solution
BSS
BTS
BTS
UE
B
S
C
T
R
A
U
IWF/
TC
RC
GMSC
PSTN
ISDN
CSE EIR HLR AC
UTRAN
Node B
R
(n x BTS)
N
Node B
C
(n x BTS)
Radio Commander
MSC /
VLR
GGSN
SGSN
IP
X.25
OSS
SC
Switch Commander

Fig. 18
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
37
Siemens

The OSS is realized in element managers, which consists of Switch Commander SC
for administration of CN network elements and of Radio Commander RC for
administration of RNS network elements. The O&M for CN and RNS are independent
of each other. The SC and RC can be connected with network elements of CN and
RNS via PSDN (X.25) or LAN (TCP/IP). The OSS also provides Mediation Functions
MF for communication with a higher-ranking Operations System OS conforming to
TMN.
The basic function of the SC and RC comprise:
l
Access protection mechanism
Graphical User Interface GUI
Online help
Computer and database structure
Switch Commander SC
The SC controls the different CN network elements. It comprises the SC Servers for
CN and the Craft Terminals CT, which are connected to the SC servers via a LAN.
The SC servers and CTs are commercial computers (Windows NT servers / PCs).
The basic O&M functions in the SC for the CN nodes include:
l
Fault Management FM
Configuration Management CM
Accounting Management AM
Performance Management PM
Security Management SM
Autopatch: Automated delivery of software corrections
General O&M functions, which include all UMTS subsystems:
38
Overload handling
Recovery procedure
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
NSS
& GPRS
Switch Commander SC
LAN
GGSN
U-MSC
CT
Craft
Terminal
SM
Security Management
HLR-i
SC
Server
GUI
Graphical User Interface
CM
Configuration Management
SWM
Software Management
FMM
X.25
CT
or
GMSC
Q3(TCP/IP)
Fault & Maintenance Management
AM
Accounting Management
PM
Performance Management
Autopatch*
Automatic patch supply

Autopatch*: automated delivery of SW corrections
Fig. 19
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
39
Siemens
Radio Commander SC
The RC is used for O&M of the UTRAN and GSM BSS network elements. The RC
comprises the O&M Processors OMPs for RNS and the O&M Terminals OMT, which
are connected to the OMP via LAN. The OMP and OMT in this case represent client
and server of a client-server LAN architecture.
The OMP is a commercially available computer (SUN Sparc/Workgroup or
Enterprise), the OMT is a graphical workstation WS for Graphical User Interface GUI
and Command Line Interface CLI access.
The OMPs are connected via LAN (TCP/IP) or PSDN (X.25) to the RNC or BSC. All
other network elements are connected via RNC / BSC to the RC.
The basic O&M functions in the RC for the RNS / BSS network elements include:
40
Fault Management FM
Software Management SWM
RNS manuals on OMT
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Radio Commander RC
LMT
TRAU
BTSE
BSC
LAN
OMT
O&M
Terminal
BSS
CM
Configuration Management
OMP
FM
Operation &
Maintenance
Processor
Fault Management
PM
Performance Management
SWM
LMT
Software Management
X.25
Node B
or
RNC
Q3(TCP/IP)
RNS Manual on OMT
SM
Security Management
GUI
UTRAN
Graphical User Interface
MF
Mediation function*
Mediation function: protocol converting TMN components / RC RNCs
Fig. 20
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
41
Siemens
42
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Exercise
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
43
Siemens
44
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Exercise
Title:
Objectives:
Pre-requisite:
The participant is able to summary central UTRAN aspects and

to overview the Siemens UMTS solution.
none
Task
Please answer the following questions!
Query
1. The Node B
implements one or more cells

is an ATM termination point
participates in Inner Loop Power Control
is responsible for Softer Handover
all of above
2. The Node B is responsible for
encoding, interleaving and ciphering

encoding, interleaving and rate matching
spreading modulation and mobility management
ciphering, encoding and rate matching
3. What is true according the Channelization Code tree?
The smaller the Spreading Factor the longer the Channelization Code
The longer the code the higher the bit / data rate
Different codes of the same length are orthogonal
Codes of different length are always orthogonal
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
45
Siemens
4. QPSK
is a type of amplitude modulation with four different states

is a phase modulation technique with four different states
is used for EDGE
is fundamental for CDMA
is used on the Uu interface
5. The RNC:
is responsible for autonomously Radio Resource Management

is responsible for all Handover decisions
requests the CN for support in case of Inter-MSC/SGSN Handover
is responsible for Backward Error Correction
is responsible for Forward Error Correction
is responsible for Ciphering / De-Ciphering
is responsible for Transcoding
is responsible for Admission Control
is responsible for RNS control
6. Power Control:
46
The RNC is involved in all types of Power Control

The RNC is involved in Open Loop Power Control
The RNC is involved in Outer Loop Power Control
Power Control is not needed in case of macro diversity
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
7. Admission Control:
is an identity check
is an equipment identity check
is the user authentication in the network
is used to prevent overload on Uu
is a task of the S-RNC functionality
is a task of the D-RNC functionality
8. S-RNC relocation
occurs when an RNC gives up its serving functionality for an UE to an

neighboring RNC
means a modification of the network configuration, i.e. the RNC service area
means changing a location area within a RNC and can be done dynamically
is done by the S-RNC in cas of Iur overload
is decided by the CN
9. The Siemens RNC RN-750:
is an ATM switch
consists of one rack
consists of three or four frames
is highly configurable
is responsible for RNC, Node B and TRAU supervision
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
47
Siemens
10. The UE with the CN as a counterpart is involved in:
Mobility Management
Bearer Negotiation & Services Request
Handover Control and Cell Re-Selection
Power Control
11. The UMTS UE:
is participating in (de-) ciphering

is performing (de-) spreading
is participating in Backward Error Correction
is always performing Cell Re-Selection instead of Handover
is always performing Handover and never Cell Re-Selection
is performing Handover in case of CS traffic
12. True/False:
48
Once UMTS is introduced, there will be no need for Bluetooth

All UEs will be capable of satellite roaming due to the IMT-2000 4-zone concept
The UE incorporates a mass storage instead on a SIM card
The UE will always include video-telephony / -conference capabilities
none of the above
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
13. The Siemens U-MSC:
performs MSC & VLR functionality

performs SGSN functionality
performs HLR and AC functionality
performs transcoding functionality
performs all CN functionalities
14. The Siemens U-MSC
can be used for UMTS only

can be used for UMTS and GSM
is based on an ATM platform
is based on EWSD platform
is used for RNC supervision
is used for RNC and BSC supervision
all of the above
15. The Radio and Switch Commander perform:
Fault Management FM
Billing Management BM
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
49
Siemens
50
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Solution
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
51
Siemens
52
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
Solution
Title:
Objectives:
Pre-requisite:
The participant is able to summary central UTRAN aspects and

to overview the Siemens UMTS solution.
none
Task
In the following section, there are the answers to the exercises.
Query
1. The Node B
implements one or more cells

is an ATM termination point
participates in Inner Loop Power Control
is responsible for Softer Handover
all of above
2. The Node B is responsible for
encoding, interleaving and ciphering

encoding, interleaving and rate matching
spreading modulation and mobility management
ciphering, encoding and rate matching
3. What is true according the Channelization Code tree?
The smaller the Spreading Factor the longer the Channelization Code
The longer the code the higher the bit / data rate
Different codes of the same length are orthogonal
Codes of different length are always orthogonal
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
53
Siemens
4. QPSK
is a type of amplitude modulation with four different states

is a phase modulation technique with four different states
is used for EDGE
is fundamental for CDMA
is used on the Uu interface
5. The RNC:
is responsible for autonomously Radio Resource Management

is responsible for all Handover decisions
requests the CN for support in case of Inter-MSC/SGSN Handover
is responsible for Backward Error Correction
is responsible for Forward Error Correction
is responsible for Ciphering / De-Ciphering
is responsible for Transcoding
is responsible for Admission Control
is responsible for RNS control
6. Power Control:
54
The RNC is involved in all types of Power Control

The RNC is involved in Open Loop Power Control
The RNC is involved in Outer Loop Power Control
Power Control is not needed in case of macro diversity
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
7. Admission Control:
is an identity check
is an equipment identity check
is the user authentication in the network
is used to prevent overload on Uu
is a task of the S-RNC functionality
is a task of the D-RNC functionality
8. S-RNC relocation
occurs when an RNC gives up its serving functionality for an UE to an

neighboring RNC
means a modification of the network configuration, i.e. the RNC service area
means changing a location area within a RNC and can be done dynamically
is done by the S-RNC in cas of Iur overload
is decided by the CN
9. The Siemens RNC RN-750:
is an ATM switch
consists of one rack
consists of three or four frames
is highly configurable
is responsible for RNC, Node B and TRAU supervision
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
55
Siemens
10. The UE with the CN as a counterpart is involved in:
Mobility Management
Bearer Negotiation & Services Request
Handover Control and Cell Re-Selection
Power Control
11. The UMTS UE:
is participating in (de-) ciphering

is performing (de-) spreading
is participating in Backward Error Correction
is always performing Cell Re-Selection instead of Handover
is always performing Handover and never Cell Re-Selection
is performing Handover in case of CS traffic
12. True/False:
56
Once UMTS is introduced, there will be no need for Bluetooth

All UEs will be capable of satellite roaming due to the IMT-2000 4-zone concept
The UE incorporates a mass storage instead on a SIM card
The UE will always include video-telephony / -conference capabilities
none of the above
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
Siemens
13. The Siemens U-MSC:
performs MSC & VLR functionality

performs SGSN functionality
performs HLR and AC functionality
performs transcoding functionality
performs all CN functionalities
14. The Siemens U-MSC
can be used for UMTS only

can be used for UMTS and GSM
is based on an ATM platform
is based on EWSD platform
is used for RNC supervision
is used for RNC and BSC supervision
all of the above
15. The Radio and Switch Commander perform:
Fault Management FM
Billing Management BM
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG
57
Siemens
58
TM2201EU04TM_0002
2002 Siemens AG

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UMTS Network Summary

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Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

BTS BTS BTS

BTS BTS BTS

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Node B Data conversion

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Siemens Node B's

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

compact (Extension 1 Rack

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Summary RNC functions

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Radio bearer setup / release

Ciphering and deciphering of transmission information

Backward Error Correction, BEC (Acknowledged Mode / Non-Real-Time (NRT)

Conversion of the protocols from the Iu to Iub or Iur interface

Switching and multiplexing of ATM cells

Merging of PS and CS information from the CN

Operation & Maintenance functions

The 3G TS 25.401 provides an overview of the RNC / UTRAN functions.

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

DL: User separated by orthogonal CCs

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Siemens RNC: RN-750

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

RNC: Functional Structure

terminates control protocol L3

terminates U-MSC & Node B signal

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

RN-750 Layout and Dimensions

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

BTS BTS BTS

BTS BTS BTS

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

User Equipment (UE) functions

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

UE as Node B counterpart, e.g.:

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

User Equipment Diversification

Information research (e.g., Internet surfing, online media, etc.)

Education (e.g., virtual schools, online laboratories, libraries, viewings, etc.)

Entertainment (e.g., games, music clips, video clip, etc. on demand)

Public services (e.g., surveys, public voting)

Telemetric services (e.g., navigation systems, fleet management, etc.)

Special services (e.g., security, telemedicine, hotlines, etc.)

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Special equipment, e.g.:

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

EWSD CS1.0 platform