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8. Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates

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This is one of my favorite derivations. Although it would sound a bit intimidating at first, as none of
the standard textbooks carry out the derivation in curvilinear coordinates; it is rather easy to
obtain. And guess what? the math is quite rewarding!
So we first have to start by selecting a convenient control volume. The idea here is to pick a
volume whose sides are parallel per say to the coordinates. For cylindrical coordinates, one may
choose the following control volume

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Again, as we did in the previous post, we need to account for all the fluid that is accumulating, and
flowing through this control volume, namely:
Rate of Rate of Flow In = Accumulation + Rate of Flow Out
or
Accumulation + Flow Out - Flow In = 0

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First, lets get some basics laid out. The velocity field will be described as
FOLLOWERS

I always prefer to use u, v, and w instead of ur, utheta, and uz to save on subscripts, although the
latter nomenclature is a bit more descriptive well get used to it. Now, by construction, the
volume of the differential control volume is

while the mass of fluid in the control volume is

The rate of change of mass or accumulation in the control volume is then

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For the net flow through the control volume, we deal with it one face at a time. Starting with the r
faces, the net inflow is

while the outflow in the r direction is

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So that the net flow in the r direction is


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Dipak Sisodiya commented on 9


Derivation Of Continuity Equation
In: check this
linkhttp://tutorial.math.lamar.ed
u/Classes/CalcIII
/TISphericalCoords.aspx

Being O(dr^2), the last term in this equation can be dropped so that the net flow on the r faces is

The net flow in the theta direction is slightly easier to compute since the areas of the inflow and
outflow faces are the same. At the outset, the net flow in the theta direction is

We now turn our attention to the z direction. The face area is that of a sector of angle d\theta:

Dipak Sisodiya commented on 9


Derivation Of Continuity Equation
In: Thanks for this, having a really
hard time in aerodynamics
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then, the inflow at the lower z face is

Corina Van Der Lei commented on


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while the outflow at the upper z face is


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Finally, the net flow in the z direction is

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Now we can put things together to obtain the continuity equation

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dividing by dV and rearranging the r components of the velocity

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Voila!
[Previous: Continuity Eq. in Cartesian Coordinates]

8. Derivation of the
Continuity Equation in
Cylind...

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Cite as:
Saad, T. "8. Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates". Weblog entry from Please Make A Note. http://pleasemakeanote.blogspot.in
/2009/02/8-derivation-of-continuity-equation-in.html

Posted by yNot at 5:56 PM

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29 comments:
Sepehr September 16, 2009 at 10:45 PM
Hi
I really need this equation & I dont know for what reason your blog is not working , is there anyway
you can fix it or send it to me ????
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vinayan December 26, 2009 at 8:58 PM


Thanks buddy..i have been looking for these derivations in many texts...i used to get intimidated
when i see the question in my exam..thank you..
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Anonymous February 9, 2010 at 7:04 AM


thanks a lot.
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Ken February 28, 2010 at 12:28 PM


Good and very descriptive derivation. Is there any chance you've ever worked through this derivation
in spherical coordinates? I'm slogging through it now, and I think I must be getting it wrong because
I'm coming up with some stupidly complicated equations. If you've worked through it already, I'd
appreciate any help you could offer. Email me at kbranha AT yahoo DOT com if you can help. Thanks.
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Thank you so much!
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Orion May 11, 2010 at 8:17 PM

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Missed references

Thanks a lot! I have a question that why O(dr^2) can be dropped.

1 year ago

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yNot July 17, 2010 at 10:33 PM

2 weeks ago

Ken, I posted the derivation of the continuity equation in Spherical coordinates. You can find it here:
http://pleasemakeanote.blogspot.com/2010/02/9-derivation-of-continuity-equation-in.html

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Orion, thanks a lot for your post.

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As you know, dr, d\theta, and dz are all differential increments. Derivations that usually include such
increments are valid in the limit as these increments approach zero. To be rigorous, one must carry
out all these terms to the end. Those that do not cancel out will simply vanish in the limit. In this
case, we know ahead of time that the higher order terms will vanish, so for simplicity, we don't carry
them in the first place. Hope that clarifies things.

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Anonymous September 6, 2010 at 4:35 PM

Paul Nylander's Blog

why does (1/r)*p*u+(dpu/dt)=(1/r)(drpu/dt) in the last line? thanks

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yNot September 6, 2010 at 7:09 PM


I think that you are referring to the d/dr term not the d/dt term. If so, then expand the following:
(1/r)(drpu/dr) = (1/r) pu dr/dr + (1/r) r d(pu)/dr = (1/r) pu + d(pu)/dr
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Anonymous September 10, 2010 at 7:52 PM

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

This was a very thorough derivation...I have about 5 texts on differential calculus and fluid
mechanics and only one carries out any fundamental derivations that are not in cartesian coordinates
(Bird Stewart and Lightfoot Transport Phenomena). Do you know of any solid texts that are thorough
in this regard?

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yNot September 10, 2010 at 9:12 PM


I have not seen this derivation in a reference system other than Cartesian coordinates. Thanks for the
reference though.

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Anonymous September 15, 2010 at 4:18 AM


Thanks for your work.Could you guide me on how to get the equation when body forces are
considered.
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Aaditya September 25, 2010 at 4:22 PM


You are AWESOME!!
Reply

Anonymous September 25, 2010 at 6:26 PM


I think there is a problem in your derivation.When you calculated the surface area in Z direction, you
took dr as the height. Since you took dr equals to the edge, then that would be a regtangular but not
a trapezoid. That is, given dr is the height, the way to calculate the area is dr*r*dtheta but not the
way you present here although the results are the same.
Reply

yNot September 25, 2010 at 8:05 PM


The height of the trapezoid is dr*cos(dtheta)~dr with vanishing dtheta. Therefore, with vanishing
dtheta, the height of the trapezoid becomes dr.
In your calculation A = dr*r*dtheta, you are assuming that the sector is a rectangle. This is only

17-Feb-15 5:01 PM

Please Make A Note: 8. Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Cylindr...

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http://pleasemakeanote.blogspot.in/2009/02/8-derivation-of-continuity-e...

correct to second order. The area of that sector is:


A = (1/2)*(r+dr)^2*dtheta - (1/2)*r^2*dtheta
= r*dr*dtheta + (1/2)*dr^2*dtheta
which is exactely the area calculated by assuming that the sector is a trapezoid with height dr. To
avoid any confusion, I've recalculated that area as a sector.
Reply

$ November 27, 2010 at 5:02 AM


isn't mass balance " in - out = accumulation " . Why is it that you have taken it as out - in in all the
directions?
Reply
Replies
yNot June 14, 2013 at 9:15 AM
You are correct and this is exactly what I've done. If you notice, the resulting equation is:
Accumulation + Out - In = 0.
You may have been mislead by a typo that I had in the first paragraph but have since fixed.
Reply

Anonymous March 9, 2011 at 8:35 PM


Thanks dude...I m looking for this from many dates....its is really good...thanks
Reply

Eswari April 23, 2011 at 10:04 PM


Thanks really helped me with my engineering exams!
Reply

vishal anand June 19, 2011 at 3:23 PM


I am totally impressed. Keep up the good work.
Exceptional talent you have got
Reply

sanjeev September 13, 2011 at 8:29 PM


Can u jus elaborate the derivation of net flow in theta direction?
Reply

Mohandes Zalatan October 13, 2011 at 9:04 AM


Thanks for sharing...
Best Wishes (:
Armin
Reply

rosan October 24, 2011 at 5:12 AM


thanks
i want mathematical modelling of condensation inside horizontal tube but i am not able to get it will
yo please help me
Reply

rtrwalk July 12, 2012 at 11:01 PM


I've done this derivation using an element centered on radial coordinate r so that inner cylindrical

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http://pleasemakeanote.blogspot.in/2009/02/8-derivation-of-continuity-e...

face is at (r-dr/2) and outer face is at (r + dr/2). Follow same procedure, get same result, but the
O(dr)^2 does not appear.
Reply

dantheman February 28, 2013 at 3:43 AM


Thanks a lot for the derivation. It is great that you are deriving something that most textbooks do not
derive.
Reply

John March 19, 2013 at 9:42 AM


Can someone please explain the O(dr^2)?
Reply

KAH CHUN HO October 13, 2013 at 1:56 AM


Hi, can i know where you got this question from
Reply

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