Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
www.advantixsystems.com
Restaurant Design
Restaurants present a unique Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and ventilation challenge. A large amount of ventilation air is required for
both customers and the kitchens cooking exhaust. The dining area must also be positively pressurized relative to the kitchen and
restrooms. The restaurants HVAC equipment, therefore, must have adequate humidity control and pressurization to prevent humid
air from affecting customer comfort or causing humidity issues, such as slip & falls or musty odors.
Consequences of
Inadequate Humidity Control
Dining Area
Ventilation Air
Ventilation air requirement based on 15 cfm/person or .2 cfm/sqft
Conventional
750 cfm
Kitchen
Positive pressure
relative to the outdoors, kitchen and restrooms
RTU
Exhaustat comfortable level (avoid freezing customers)
Space temperature
3,500 cfm
Humidity control
to avoid slip & falls, musty odors, costly maintenance, condensation on
Energy Consumption
Ventilation Air
3,600 cfm
Toilet
Hood Performance
400 cfm
windows or diffusers
Standard Approach
5,000 cfm
4,250 cfm
Kitchen
3,600 cfm
Dining
Unoccupied mode
3,600 cfm
cfm
Conventional design practices have used separate 3,500
HVAC
systems in dining and kitchen areas. The dining area is often treated
with a packaged DX system that treats mixed air, primarily recirculated with minimal ventilation air. Operation is based on the
space dry bulb temperature only, without regard to humidity.
The kitchen area uses exhaust hoods to remove unwanted effluents from the space. To make up the exhausted air, dedicated units
often supply up to 85% of the required ventilation (make-up) air, with only 15% transferred from adjacent spaces.
This common, but problematic, HVAC design in kitchens sometimes includes the use of internally compensating hoods or air
curtains. While these hoods introduce ventilation air at close proximity to the exhaust hood, this make-up air is untreated and
passes through at high velocities, causing the following problems to arise:
Kitchen
Exhaust
3,500 cfm
Ventilation
Kitchen
Intake
2,800 cfm
Ventilation Air
700 cfm
Conventional
RTU
3,500 cfm
Kitchen
2,800 cfm
Ventilation Air
700 cfm
Conventional
RTU
3,500 cfm
2,800 cfm
Dining
Gravity
Relief
Damper
Ventilation Air
700 cfm
Conventional
RTU
3,500 cfm
2,800 cfm
Toilet
Exhaust
400 cfm
AIR TRANSFER
HUMIDITY CONTROL
Kitchen
Exhaust
3,500 cfm
Kitchen
5,000 cfm
Ventilation Air
3,600 cfm
Ventilation Air
750 cfm
4,250 cfm
3,600 cfm
Unoccupied mode
3,600 cfm
Dining
3,500 cfm
Toilet
Exhaust
400 cfm
DTRT
Operating Costs
HVAC Maintenance
Ventilation
Kitchen
Kitchen
Facility Maintenance
Exhaust
Intake
(Furnishings, Carpets,
etc.)
3,500 cfm
2,800 cfm
First Costs
KEY BENEFITS
Ventilation Air
700 cfm
Conventional
RTU
Ventilation Air
700 cfm
Conventional
RTU
Gravity
Relief
Damper
RTUconditions
Sources:
Design Guide 3, Improving Kitchen Ventilation System Performance, Integrating Kitchen Exhaust Systems with Building HVAC, www.fishnick.com
Humidity Control Design Guide, for Commercial and Institutional Buildings, Harriman, Brundrett, Kittler
3,500 cfm 2,800 cfm
3,500 cfm 2,800 cfm
3,500 cfm 2,800 cfm
Kitchen
Dining
HOW IT WORKS
45
85
80
90
80
30%
%
50
20%
40%
15
10% REL
HUMIDITY
ATIVE
25
30
35
40
45
15
IA
LA
8% RE
ITY
HUMID
TIVE
15
6%
30%
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
20%
95
10% REL
80
130
110
60
70
55
60
50
50
45
40
40
30
35
30
20
25
10
100
105
HUMIDITY
ATIVE
110
8% RE
120
6%
115
10
MIDITY 0
E HU
LATIV
125
130
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
65
90
80
60
70
55
60
50
50
45
40
40
30
90
95
100
Solid
Desiccant
35
30
20
25
10
10
0
20
4%
85
70
100
2%
20
75
120
20
4%
2%
10
20
25
60
40%
20
25
15
10
25
70
60
50
20
65
90
Liquid
Desiccant Solid
Desiccant
30
70
100
140
90
Liquid
Desiccant
70
25
H2 O
Captured
OA
35
30
80
150
110
Conventional
Cooling Coil
Conventional
Cooling Coil
IA
Liquid Desiccant
160
75
120
OA
40
35
H2 O
Captured
170
140
130
Liquid Desiccant
Thermal
Energy
180
45
40
Liquid Desiccant
190
80
150
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Thermal
Energy
200
170
160
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Liquid Desiccant
200
50
105
110
115
120
125
130
RES-APG-AE-011 2013-03
www.advantixsystems.com