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5.1
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1e.
The compressive strength of the cement when tested at 28 days according to BS EN
196 shall be at least 42.5 MPa.
The test results shall meet the following mechanical and physical requirements given as
characteristic values:
Strength
Class
32.5 N
32.5 R
42.5 N
42.5 R
52.5 N
52.5 R
Initial Setting
Time
minutes
Soundness
(expansion)
mm
75
60
10
45
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Value
Min. 85%
Max. 3%
Max. 600 kgs/m3
Max. 0.2 %
Report as assayed
Batch test certificates shall be provided for each consignment delivered to the site.
5.1.2.5 Aggregates
Add the following after item 1:
1a.
Except as may be modified hereunder the aggregate (fine and coarse) for all types of
concrete shall comply in all respects with BS 882 "Concrete aggregates from natural
sources".
Add the following after item 2:
2a.
Before any material from a particular source is used, the Contractor shall obtain
representative samples of fine and coarse aggregates and carry out the necessary tests and
analyses to show that the samples comply with the Specification. During the progress of the
works, the grading and chemical characteristics may be checked at frequent intervals.
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Test
1.
2.
Water absorption
3.
4.
Test Methods
ASTM C123
ASTM C128
ASTM C127
ASTM C128
ASTM C127
Hand Picking
and Visual
Inspection
Method
Permissible Limits
Fine
max.0.5%
Coarse
max.0.5%
max.2.3%
max.2.0%
min.2.60
min.2.60
100%.
max.0.03%
max.0.01%
max.0.03%
max.0.02%
max.0.03%
max.0.02%
max.0.03%
max.0.04%
max.0.03%
max.0.01%
min100KN
max.30%
Mechanical strength
10% fines value
6.
Impact value
7.
8.
Drying Shrinkage
Potential reactivity,
Note 2
Of Aggregates, Chemical
Method Of
Cement-Aggregate
Combination
BS 812 Part
117,
Appendix C
BS 812 Part
111
BS 812 Part
112
BS 812 Part
120
ASTM C289
ASTM C227
max.0.05%
Innocuous
Innocuous
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Tests
Grading - BS EN 933-1
Material finer than 0.075 mm BS EN 933-1 or ASTM C117
Clay lumps and Friable Particles
- ASTM C 142
Organic impurities ASTM C 40
Water absorption - ASTM C128/C127
Specific Gravity - ASTM C128 /C127
Shell content - BS EN 933-7
Particle shape BS 812 Section 105 Part
105.1.& Section 105 Part 105.2
Acid soluble chlorides, Cl
Qualitative-BS 812 Part 117
Appendices A/B
9.
Quantitative-BS 812 Part 117
Appendix C
10.
11.
12.
13.
Frequency
Per 1,000m3 Concrete
- do Per 4,000m3 Concrete
Per 20,000m3 Concrete
- do - do - do - do Per 10,000m3 Concrete
Each 12 concrete days if result
is more than 75% of the limit
and each month if result is less
than 75% of the limit.
Per 10,000 m3 or each 24
concrete days if result is more
than 75% of the limit & each 2
months if result is less than
75% of the limit which ever is
less.
Each 48 concrete days or
20,000 m3 whichever is less
Each 30 concrete days or
10,000 m3 whichever is less
- do Twice daily
14.
Drying Shrinkage
BS 812 Part 120
15.
Potential Reactivity:
of aggregates (ASTM C 295, C 289)
of Carbonate (ASTM C 586)
of Cement aggregate combination (ASTM C
227)
16
Per 20,000 m3
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Cement - as per BS
EN 196
Steel
Deformed Steel Bar
as per BS 4449
Strand as per
ASTM A416 if needed
Sampling
Method
BS EN 1967
Test
Method
BS EN196
BS 4449
BS 4449
ASTM
A370
Concrete
ASTM A416
c.
Air content, as per BS
EN 123501-7
BSEN
12350-1
BSEN
12350-7
Flexural strength of
Prism as per BS EN
12390-5
BSEN
12350-1
BSEN
12390-5
Bleeding as per
ASTM C232
BS EN
12350-1
C 232
Splitting Tensile
Strength of Concrete
Cylinder as per ASTM
C-496 & others
Depth of Water
Penetration (BS EN
12390 P-8)
BS EN
12350-1
C-496
BSEN
12350-1
BS EN
12390-8
BS EN
12350-1
BS 1881 208:1996
Rapid chloride
permeability
BS EN
12350-1
ASTM C
1202
BS EN
12350-1
BS EN
12350-2
Kerbs-as per BS
7263
BS EN 1339
BS EN
1339
e.
Water
BS EN 1008
BS EN
1008
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5.1.3
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CONCRETE MIXES
5.1.3.3 Reports
Add the following after item 1:
1a.
Approval for concrete mixes shall only be given after submissions and the results of
the site trial are found to be satisfactory. Approval will not be given on the strength of
documentary submissions only.
1b.
Each mix of concrete must be given a unique identification number which shall be
cross referenced in all documents concerning the mix.
1c.
Submissions for each mix of concrete must be made during the mobilization period.
The submission shall comparatively outline the properties required by the specification and
either the actual mean properties of the mix proposed obtained statistically from previous
production batches or the target values assigned for production. The submission must
contain the total chlorides and sulphates based on cementitious content, total aggregate
grading together with a graphical illustration, the aggregate cement ratio by volume, the
hydrated cement % by volume, the fineness modulus, the nominal aggregate size distribution
by weight percentage, the total % passing 75 m, wet mixing time, distance from plant to site
and estimated delivery time. A sample copy of the approved batching plant computer printout
shall be enclosed.
1d.
The specification stipulates limits for properties in the form of minima-maxima. These
limits must not be construed as targets to achieve. The designer must aim for a target mean
for each property to attain the quality of concrete required.
1e.
A site trial mix in the form of a dummy placement must be conducted in accordance
with Appendix 2.1 of these Specifications to determine the properties of the fresh and cured
concrete proposed. In addition the site trial will enable assessment of The Contractors ability
to perform formwork and rebar construction, quality checks, placement and curing tasks.
Site Trial
Various Parameters and abilities need to be assessed during the site trial and shall include
the following but not limited to:
Slump reduction over time.
The correlation between strength and durability values of 28-day wet cured cubes
and 7-day wet cured structure.
The Contractors ability to provide shaded and suitable areas for sampling and cube
making.
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1f.
Each class of concrete (shown on the drawings) is denoted by its 28 days
characteristic cube strength and the maximum size of aggregate. Preliminary laboratory tests
shall be carried out to determine mixes that satisfy the specification with the approved
materials.
1g.
The Contractor shall carry out as many trial mixes at his own cost, as may be
necessary to demonstrate that the mix design, site tasks and curing procedure adopted will
produce concrete of the specified properties.
1h.
When the mix has been approved, variations shall not be made in the proportions,
type or the source of the constituent ingredients, or in the size and grading classification of
the aggregate without the consent of the Engineer. A new submission shall be made by the
Contractor in the event any change in the approved parameters.
1i.
Samples shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for
initial field tests:
I.
Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232 (non-vibrating) shall not exceed 0.5% for
structural concrete.
II.
Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS EN 1367 shall not exceed 0.05 % for
structural concrete.
III.
IV.
Workability to BS EN 12350
V.
Chloride permeability shall be less than 2,000 coulombs for structural concrete, when
tested in accordance with ASTM C-1202.
VI.
Water Permeability test results according to BS EN 12390-8 shall not exceed 10mm
for concrete contain microsilica and 25mm for concrete does not contain microsilica.
VII.
VIII.
1j.
If the minimum maximum values are not complied with, the proposed mixes shall
be rejected.
1k.
All costs connected with the preparations of trial-mixes and the design of the
job-mixes shall be borne by the Contractor.
1l.
The average compressive strength of the trial mixes shall exceed the specified
characteristic strength by a margin of 1.64 times the standard deviation measured from the
validated production history of the specific mix from the concreting plant, except that no
standard deviation less than 3.5 N/mm2 shall be used as a basis for designing a mix.
1m.
The average ASTM C 1202 permeability shall be below the specified value by 500
coulombs.
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1n.
Statistical data: Where there is no validated statistical data existing for the specific
mix design submitted for approval, The Engineer shall assign estimated mean strengths
based on the trial mix and to the following table:
No.
fck,cube or
fc,cube
[N/mm2]
Minimum
Margin
[N/mm2]
< 30
+9
30
+9
40
+10
50
+12
60
+15
1o.
The mean strength shall not be computed from a mixture of different mix designs.
1p.
The estimated mean strengths shall be replaced with the actual mean strength once
at least 40 results from 40 separate loads made over at least 30 days is available. The target
strength to aim for shall be the actual mean and not the minimum strength stipulated in the
specification. The producer must maintain a register of product data obtained from production
batch tests for each mix design as follows.
Arithmetic mean
Minimum
Maximum
Standard Deviation
Count
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Concrete
Class
Maximum
Aggregate
Size (mm)
Range of
Cement
Content
(kg/m3)
Microsilica
(Percentage
of Cement
Weight) -%
Maximum
Free
Water/Cement
Ratio
Characteristic
28-Days
Cylinder
Strength
CCS (N/mm2)
Characteristic
28-Days Cube
Strength
CCS (N/mm2)
50/20 MS 7
20
370 - 400
7
0.40
50
40
45/20 MS 7
20
350 - 380
7
0.40
45
36.5
40/20 MS 7
20
345 - 370
7
0.40
40
32
50/20
20
425-500
0.45
50
40
45/20
20
425-475
0.45
45
36.5
40/20
20
350-450
0.45
40
32
37/20
20
330 - 350
0.42
37
30
35/20
20
320 - 330
0.42
35
29
30/20
20
300 - 400
0.5
30
24
25/20
20
250 - 275
0.5
25
20
16/20
20
230 - 250
0.5
15
13
Note: Concrete Classes are defined based on the Characteristic 28 Days Cube Strength CCS (N/mm2)
5.1.3.7 Water Cementitious Materials Ratio
Delete item 1 and replace with the following:
1.
The water cementitious ratio shall be determined in accordance with BS EN 206.
1a.
The water cementitious ratio of structural concrete shall not exceed 0.4
1b.
The water cementitious ratio of blinding concrete shall not exceed 0.5
5.1.3.8 Slump Limits
Add the following after item 1:
1a.
The slump of the concrete with microsilica shall be at least 100mm and for normal
concrete shall be at least 75mm. The maximum slump for normal concrete is 120mm. There
is no upper limit for the slump of concrete with microsilica. However, the concrete shall not
show any sign of segregation during placement. The slump for piling concrete shall be
180mm minimum.
1b.
Workability shall be assessed by the following tests the requirements for which shall
be as specified elsewhere in the documents.
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Construction Requirements
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deviation shall be calculated from at least 40 individual cube results each representing
separate batches of each concrete mix produced by the same plant under the same
conditions of mixing. Thereafter one sample shall be taken at random for each class of
concrete in accordance with the Clause on Quality Control of these Specifications. The
sampling rate for the ASTM 1202 and BS EN 12390-8 permeability tests shall be 1 sample
every 200m3 for each test.
1(x). In addition to the above requirements, at least one sample shall be taken from each
individual structural unit even the quantity is less than 200 m3, or part of a unit, when the
latter is the product of a single placement.
1(xi). From each sample three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and three for
testing at 7 days.
1(xii). The frequency of sampling may be required to be varied if directed by the Engineer.
1(xiii). The procedures shall be repeated when materials or design mixes are changed.
1(xiv). A test result for a sample shall mean the mean of three cubes forming the sample
set. Each individual result in the sample set shall be within 15% of the mean result. In the
event that any individual result fails to comply with the closeness requirements, the non
complying result shall be discarded from the mean calculation and the mean shall be derived
from the remaining results from the two cubes. The number of total accumulated results
below the specified characteristic compressive strength should not be more than one and no
result should fall below the characteristic strength minus 3 N/mm3. The average compressive
strength test result of the cubes in a sample set when tested at 28 days shall not be less than
the design characteristic 28 day cube compressive strength.
1(xv). If the above criteria are not satisfied, the unit represented by the sample is
questionable and the following actions may be instructed as appropriate:
1(xvi). If the range of individual cube strengths made from the same sample exceeds 15%
of the mean, then the method of making, curing and testing cubes shall be checked. In the
event of a sample having a range exceeding 20%, then the result shall be unacceptable and
the Engineer may order any of the following actions:
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0.05%
Wetting Expansion:
0.03%
9.
Cubes may be required and trials carried out to determine stripping times for
formwork, the duration of curing and to check testing and sampling errors.
10.
The air content of air-entrained concrete shall be determined (ASTM C231) for every
200m3 each batch produced until consistency has been achieved, when required by the
Engineer. The maximum value shall not exceed 2%.
11.
Tolerances in Proportioning Materials per load (not per batch) shall be as follow:
Cement: Measurement for proportioning all cement shall be accurate to within one
(1) percent throughout the range of use. In the case of bagged cement only full bags,
undamaged or unbroken will be permitted.
Water: The mixing water shall be measured by weight or by volume. In either case
the measurement shall be accurate to within one (1) percent throughout the range of use.
Aggregate:
The aggregates shall be measured by weight to accuracy within two
(2) percent through-out the range of use.
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Calibration
Testing laboratory
2.
All ingredients in the concrete must enter the system through the weigh scales or
volumetric devices. All weights must be automatically logged and printed by the plant
computer. Every ingredient must be weighed through the computer controlled automatic
weighing system and printed in the printout.
3.
Constituent ingredients shall not be added to the ready mixed wet concrete once the
agitator or truck has left the loading bay at the mixer.
4.
Delivery of the concrete load shall be accompanied by the approved batch plant
computer printouts. The printouts shall be for each individual batch as well as for the load.
The computer printouts shall have the details including but not limited to project name, client
name, consultant name, contractor name, location, structure details, mix id, grade of
concrete, weight of ingredients, variation between the mix design and actual quantity in
percentage, mixing time, time of mix started, time of mix finished, water cement ration, etc.
5.
The mixing time of concrete with microsilica shall be at least 60 seconds and that for
the normal concrete is 30 seconds.
6.
Mixers which have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly
cleaned before any fresh concrete is mixed.
7.
The method of discharge from the mixer shall be such as to cause no segregation
whether partial or otherwise of the concrete materials.
8.
The aggregates shall be stored under shade on hard and leveled platforms. Storage
of aggregates and sand directly on the ground will not be allowed.
9.
The Contractor shall ensure that the constituent materials of the concrete are
sufficiently cool to prevent the concrete from stiffening in the interval between its discharge
from the mixer and compaction in its final position. Precautions shall include the shading of
aggregate stockpiles and the use of chilled water.
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10.
The Concrete shall be carried in purpose-made agitators, operating continuously, or
truck mixers. The concrete shall be compacted and in its final position within 90 minutes of
the introduction of cement to water or damp or wet aggregates, unless a longer time is
agreed by the Engineer. The time of such introduction shall be recorded on the batch plant
printout note together with the weight of the constituents of each mix and other parameters
printed by the computer and as approved.
11.
When truck mixed concrete is used, water shall be added under the supervision,
either at the Site or at the central batching plant as agreed by the Engineer but in no
circumstances shall water be added in transit.
12.
Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, truck mixer units and their mixing and
discharge performance shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C 94.
13.
Re-mixing of concrete which has commenced to set shall not be allowed and in no
case shall such concrete be used in the Works.
14.
All nominal sized aggregates shall be kept in separate identified stockpiles from
which samples can be collected and tested as specified.
15.
The addition of water to wet batched concrete delivered to site from a concrete plant
shall not be permitted. Concrete delivery vehicles shall not be fitted with means of direct
delivery of water into the drum.
5.1.4.8 Minimum Test Requirements for Concrete
1.
Unless the Engineer otherwise directs, the testing program conforming to the
applicable procedures set out in the relevant ASTM and BS specifications shall include at
least the tests specified below. Samples for compressive strength tests shall be taken as
specified in the Table below with a minimum of one sample taken every day that the mix is
used. A sample consists of 6 cubes, 3 to be tested at 7 days and 3 at 28 days. Additional
cubes may be taken as directed by the Engineer.
Sampling to Represent a
Volume of m3
Critical structures e.g. masts, cantilevers, columns
10
Intermediate structures e.g. beams, slabs, bridge decks
50
Heavy concrete construction e.g. breakwaters, solid rafts
100
Structure Type
For each component of the structure (such as pier, abutment etc.), permeability samples
shall be tested in accordance with these Specifications for permeability compliance.
5.1.4.9
1.
The Contractor shall provide and maintain the equipment listed in the table below on
site for the Engineer's use during the contract period.
S No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Description
2mm Sieve to BS EN 933-2
150mm standard molds for test cubes and accessories
Standard slump cones and accessories
Lab grade glass thermometer 0-500 degree C
Tape measures (readability 1mm)
Portable anemometer
Hygrometer (with humidity chart)
Spirit Level
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5.1.6
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Basis of Payment