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Dr.Yu
02/06/2015
CapacitorsinSeries
Whenabatteryisconnectedtothecircuit,electrons
aretransferredfromtheleft plateofC1 totheright
plateofC2 throughthebattery.
Themagnitudeofthe
chargemustbethesame
ontheleft plateofC1 and
theright plateofC2.
Section16.8
CapacitorsinSeries(Cont.)
Howaboutthechargeontheright plate ofC1 and
theleft plateofC2?
Chargebyinduction
Theirchargeareinduced by
theleft plateofC1 andthe
right plateofC2.
Alloftherightplatesgain
chargesofQandalltheleft
plateshavechargesof+Q.
Q1=Q2=Q
Section16.8
e
??
??
CapacitorsinSeries(Cont.)
Anequivalent capacitorcanbe
foundthatperformsthesame
functionastheseries
combination.
Thepotentialdifferencesadd
uptothebatteryvoltage.
V1 =
Q
Q
; V2 =
C1
C2
V = V1 + V2 =
Q Q
Q
+
=
C1 C2 Ceq
1
1
1
= +
Ceq C1 C2
Section16.8
CapacitorsinSeries(Cont.)
Q=Q1=Q2=
V = V1 + V2
1
1
1
= +
Ceq C1 C2
Theequivalentcapacitanceofaseriescombinationis
always lessthananyindividualcapacitorinthe
combination.
Section16.8
ProblemSolvingStrategy
Parallel
Series
V1
V2
Q1=Q2
V1 = V2
V = V1 + V2
Q=Q1 +Q2
1
1
1
= +
Ceq C1 C2
EquivalentCapacitanceCircuitReduction
Example
C23=C2+C3
C1
1/C123=1/C1+1/C23
C2
C1
C23
C3
C4
C123
C6
C45
C6
C5
C45=C4+C5
Ceq=C123+C456
1/C456=1/C6+1/C45
Section16.8
C456
Ceq
Ifweknowthepotentialdifferencebetweena
and
EquivalentCapacitanceCircuitReduction
b,Vab,canweobtain(a)Q=?,(b)Q
123=?and
Example
Q456=?,(c)V1=?,V23=?,V2=?,V45=?,
C23=C2+C3
C1
Ci=Qi/Vi
C2
1/C123=1/C1+1/C23
C1
C23
C3
inparallel:V
1=V2=
C4
C6=Q =
inseries:Q=Q
1
2
C123
C45
C6
C5
C45=C4+C5
Ceq=C123+C456
1/C456=1/C6+1/C45
Section16.8
C456
Ceq
EnergyStoredinaCapacitor
Acharged capacitorcanstoreenergy
Thebattery transferscharges
fromoneplatetoanotherwhen
theyareconnectedtoabattery.
Thestored energyisthesame
astheworkrequiredtomove
chargeontotheplatesdoneby
thebattery.
Wbattery = E store
Howtocalculatethestored energy?
Section16.9
e
e
EnergyStoredinaCapacitor(Cont.)
TheworkWi requiredtotransfer
chargeQi fromoneplatetothe
othermustbedoneagainst the
potentialViofthecapacitor:
Qi Vi Qi
Wi battery = Wi electric = PE i = Vi Qi ;
Thetotalworkdoneby
thebattery :
W battery = Wi battery =
i
V
Vi
1
Q V
2
Section16.9
i
EnergyStoredinaCapacitor(Cont.)
Q
Energystored=QV
Fromthedefinitionof
capacitance,thiscanbe
rewrittenindifferentforms.
Q=CV
V=Q/C
Section16.9
C=
Q
V
Exercise
(a)TheareaofthecapacitorisA andthedistance
betweenthetwoplatesisd.Howmuchitscapacitance is?
Answer:
C = 0
A
d
(b)Whenthecapacitorisconnectedtoa
batterywithpotentialdifferenceV,how
muchtheenergyisstoredinthecapacitor
whenitisfullycharged?
Answer:
1
E = C V
2
Section16.9
Exercise(Cont.)
(c)Ifthebatteryisdisconnectedafter
chargingiscomplete,howmuchthe
energyisstoredinthecapacitor?
Answer:thesameasbeforebecauseC
andQ doesnotchange: E = Q 2
2C
(d)Iftheseparationisdoubled after(c),howmuch
thecapacitanceis?
Answer:
C ' = 0
A C
=
2d 2
Section16.9
Exercise(Cont.)
(e)Ifthebatteryisreconnected tothe
capacitorafter(d)howmuchtheenergy
isstoredinthecapacitor(hereVdose
notchange)?
Answer:
1
11
1
E ' = C ' V 2 = C V 2 = E
2
22
2
(f)Howmuchthecapacitance isandhowmuchthe
energy isstoredinthecapacitor,ifthebatteryis
disconnectedagainandthetwoplatesareconnected
byametalwire?
Answer:C=C butE=0becauseQ=0
Section16.9
Questionaskourselves:
A
C = 0
d
CapacitorswithDielectrics
C = 0
C0 = 0
A
d
A
= C0
d
1
E = CV02
2
1
E0 = C0 V0 2
2
Section16.10
CapacitorswithDielectrics(Cont.)
Dielectricsincluderubber,plastic,or
waxedpaper.
Thecapacitanceismultipliedbythe
factor whenthedielectric
completelyfillstheregionbetween
theplates.
C=o(A/d)=Co =C0 where 1
iscalledthedielectricconstant.
Section16.10
1 => C=CoCo
CapacitorswithDielectrics(Examples)
Twocapacitorsinseries:
Q1=Q2;V1V2
1
1
1
=
+
C eq
C1 C 2
C0 = 0
C1 = 1C01 = 21C0
C2 = 2C02 = 2 2C0
C01 = 0
d/2 d/2
C1 C2
A
A
= 2 0 = 2C0
d /2
d
C02 = 0
A
d
A
A
= 2 0 = 2C0
d /2
d
Section16.10
CapacitorswithDielectrics(Examples)
Twocapacitorsinparallel:
Ceq = C1 + C2
C1 = 1C =
1
0
C2 = 2C02 =
1
2
2
2
V1=V2=V;Q1Q2
A
C0 = 0
d
C0
C0
A / 2 1 A C0
C = 0
= 0 =
d
2 d 2
1
0
C02 = 0
A / 2 1 A C0
= 0 =
d
2 d 2
Section16.10
A/2
C1
A/2
C2