US History: Give Me Liberty Chpt 8

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"The Age of Prophecy"

among Indians

Movements for the

revitalization of Indian life

"The Haitian Revolution"

Inspired hopes for freedom

among slaves in the US.

According to Viginian
George Tucker what did
Gabriel's Rebellion
demonstrate?

that slaves possessed a love of

freedom as fully as other men
and that they grew to claim
freedom as a righ.

4.

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of the Treasury in

1790 and 1791 who developed
a controversial financial
plan. He was considered a
Federalist long with George
Washington

5.

Assimilation

People of different cultures

come to realize they are a part
of a larger national family. It
is when a group of people is
integrated into a bigger group
or society, it has often
happened against the will of
the minority group U.S.
history.

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9.

Author of "On Equality of

the Sexes" written in 1779
that insisted that women
had as much right as men to
exercise all their talents and
should be allowed equal
educational opportunities
to allow them to do so.

Judith Murray

British woman who's

writing, "A Vindication of
the Rights of Woman" made
it's way to the US and
contributed to the
beginnings of a women's
movement.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Describe the events of the

1794 Whiskey Rebellion.

Backcountry PA farmers
sought to block collection of
the new tax on distilled
spirits. Pres. Washington
accompanied 13,000 militia
men to stop them. The
"rebels" offered no resistance.

Explorers sent by Jefferson

to study the Louisiana
territory's plants, animal
life and geography and to
discover how the region
could be exploited
economically

Meriwether Lewis and

William Clark

10.

Federalists

Made up of mostly rich folk like

bankers, established politicians,
merchants and rich farmers who
supported Hamilton's plan and
encouraged ties with Britain. They
believed in a more authoritarian style
of gov't

11.

Fletcher v. Peck

extended judicial reiew to state laws;

was a result of legislature attempting to
recind a land grant and subsequent
sales made as a result of corruption
involving gov't officials. Marshall ruled
that individual purchasers could keep
their land as the Constitution held up
contracts

12.

Fugitive Slave Law

1793 law providing for federal and state

judges and local officials to facilitate
the return of escaped slaves.

13.

Gabriel's Rebellion

He and his conspirators plotted to

march on Richmond, VA, kill some
whites, and hold others as hostage
(including the Governor) until their
demands for freedom from slavery were
met. The plot was discovered and
twenty-six slaves were hanged as a
result.

Handsome Lake of
the Seneca

Indian who believed that Indians could

regain their autonomy without directly
challenging whites or repudiating all
white ways; urged his people to take up
farming and attend school.

How did Indians

respond to
demands to
assimilate?

Some embraced assimilation and this

infurioriated nativists who wanted to
resist further white presence on Indian
land.

How did the

Republicans build
their
support/following?

political meetings, pamphlets and

newspapers

How did things

change for blacks
in Louisiana after
the purchase?

free blacks suffered a steady decline in

status and local legislature adopted
slave codes in the South that forbid
black to 'ever consider themselves the
equal of whites." They were worse off
as part of the "liberty-loving US"

How much was the

Louisiana
territory
purchased for?

$15 million

How was the War

of 1812 a "twofront struggle?"

The battle was against the British and

against the Indians

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In what part of the

country was most
of the opposition to
Hamilton's
Proposal located?

The more agricultural South

Judicial Review

The act of evaluating legislation/laws

to ensure that they abide by or are in
keeping with the constitution.

Known as
Jefferson's greatest
achievement.

The Louisiana Purchase

Macon's Bill No. 2

opened trade with britain and france,

said if either nation repealed its
restrictions on neutral shipping the US
would halt trade with the other, didn't
work

Non-Intercourse
Act

banned trade only with Britain and

France but provided that if either side
recinded its edicts against American
shipping, commerce with that country
would resume

The only major

party in American
history to proclaim
democracy and
freedom
dangerous in the
hands of ordinary
citizens

Federalists (Hamilton, Washington

supporters)

Purchase that
doubled the size of
the US and ended
French presence in
North America.

Louisiana Purchase

Republicans

Led by Madison and Jefferson, leaned

more toward France in their
Revolution and had more faith in selfgovernment. They were mostly
Southern planters and ordinary men
who were critical of social and
economic inequality.

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Tecumseh

Tenskwatawa

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Called for all Indians to unite as one

people and attach American frontier
settlements. He believed that the lands
were rightfully theirs and criticized
chiefs who sold their lands.
religious prophet who called for
complete separation from whites, the
revival of traditional Indian culture
and resistance to federal policies. His
followers gathered in Prophetstown
where they were eventually destroyed
in the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811).

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Toussaint L'Ouverture

Well-educated slave who

organized the rebellious slaves
in Haiti into an army that was
able to defeat British forces
and keep the French from
attempting to reestablish
French authority. As a result,
Haiti became an independent
nation in 1804

The Virginia Resolution

(written by Madison) and
the Kentucky Resolution
(written by Jefferson)
both attacked the Sedition
Act claiming that it was
unconstitutional and
violated what
Amendment?

The first Amendment--freedom

of speech.

What contributed to the

coming of the War of
1812?

Reports that the British were

encouraging Tecumseh's
efforts

What contributions to the

newly forming Republican
party did John Burke,
Joseph Gales and Thomas
Paine make?

They were radical

writers/journalists from
outside the US who emigrated
to the US and wrote
condemning the Federalists
with attmpting to introduce
European tyranny in America.

What did both parties

accuse each other of?

Each charged the other with

betraying the principles of the
War of Indepence and of
American freedom.

What did Jefferson and

Madison mean by 'extend
the sphere?"

They meant that the large size

of the republic made selfgovernment possible (more
land for farming--chiefly
agrarian character of the US
that they supported)

What did Jefferson's

Embargo do?

It enforced a ban on ships

going to foreign ports. Results
were that it devastated
economies of American port
cities with NO affect on Britain
or France.

What did the DemocraticRepublican Societies

ultimately do for the
common man before they
disappeared in 1795?

They helped to legitimize the

right of anyone regardless of
how much they make, what
their job is etc., to express
political opinions and take an
active role in gov't

What enabled Jefferson to

win the election in 1800
against John Adams?

The counting of slaves (3/5) in

apportionment

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What enabled
Jefferson's
Louisiana
Purchase to take
place?

the slave rebellion of Saint Domingue

weakened France's position in the US
and Napoleon Bonaparte wanted money
to fund his military campaigns in
Europe.

What enabled
ordinary citizens
to become more
involved in the
politics of the
day?

More and more citizens attended

political meetings and read pamphlets
and newspapers. More post offices were
established and the American press
experienced rapid growth

What event
marked the first
US encounter
with the Islamic
world?

The Barbary Wars

49.

What famous
statesman
brought the issue
of slavery &
emancipation
before the very
first Congress
under the new
Constitution?

Benjamin Franklin - president of the

Pennsylvania Abolition Society at the
time

50.

What groups
believed that
political liberty
meant not simply
voting at
elections, but
constant
involvement in
public affairs.

Democratic-Republican Societies

What impact did

the French
Revolution have
on the US with
regard to the
formation of
political parties?

There was a great divide due to

disagreement as to we supported.
Jefferson and his followers supported
France (because they were inspired by
us) while others led by Washington and
Hamilton, were afraid that it was
supporting and encouraging anarchy
and sided more with Britain.

What
impact/effect did
the Haitian
Revolution have
on many white
Americans?

Former slaveowners/whites fleeing

Haiti told stories of massacres and
burnings of plantations. This spread
fear among whites.

What important
court case
established
Judicial Review?

Marbury v. Madison

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What political
party had major
support in New
England?

The Federalists

What ruling did

Chief Justice
Marshall make
with regard to
Marbury v.
Madison?

He declared that the Judiciary Act of

1789 requiring an executive official to
deliver judge's commission NOT in
keeping with the constitution. As a
result Marbury did not recieve his
commission--Jefferson got his way.
Beginning of Judicial Review.

What sharpened
political divisions
in the US and led
directly to the
formation of an
organized
opposition party?

John Jay's Treaty

What thrust
freedom of
expression to the
center of
dicussions of
American liberty?

The Sedition Act

What was
Hamilton's longterm goal with
regard to
American
Finance?

Hamilton wanted to make the US a

major commercial and military power
(modeled after Great Britain)

What was
Jefferson hoping
Lewis and Clark
would find and do
on their
expedition?

Discover a water route to the Pacific

Ocean (a Northwest Passage that could
facilitate commerce with Asia) and
establish trading relations with western
Indians

What was life like

for blacks in the
New Orleans area
prior to the
Louisiana
Purchase with
regard to their
freedom?

Spain and France made it much easier

for slaves to gain their freedom and
have the same rights as whites. Slaves
there had many protections and slave
women even the right to go to court for
protection agains cruelty or rape by their
owners.

What was signed

ending the War of
1812?

The Treaty of Ghent (1814) restored the

previous status quo (made things as
they were prior to the war)

What was the

cause of the
Barbary Wars?

Pirates from the Barbary states on the

northern coast of Africa captured
American ships and held sailors captive
for ransom. Jefferson refused to
continue paying. The Pasha of Tripoli
declared war on the US. The US won
with a victory at Tripoli harbor

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What was the

major overall
result of the
events of the
the 1790s as far
as Americans
and politics
are concerned?

The events demonstrated that a majority of

Americans believed ordinary people had a
right to play an active role in politics,
express their opinions freely and contest the
policies of their government.

What were
some of
Jefferson's
main goals he
spoke of in his
inaugural
address when
he took office
in 1801?

Reduce the federal government, free trade,

less involvement in war (neutrality),
freedom of press and religion

What were
some of the
causes of the
end of the
Federalist
party?

Their anti-war stance, The Hartford

Convention where they recognized and
supported the right for a state to interpose
when the fed. violates the constitution, and
a shifting/prevailing American support of
agrarian culture as opposed to elitism.

What were
some of the
early problems
that Adams
dealt with early
in his
presidency?

Troubles overseas with Britain and France

seizing our ships, continued unrest in the
rural areas of the US (John Fries Rebellion
for example). The greatest crisis was the
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 which
Adams used in an attempt to silence
eighteen vocal opponents of the Federalist
party by imprisoning them.

What were
some of the
issues that the
Federalists
had with John
Jay's Treaty?

1) the Brits never had to make any

concessions about messing with our sailors
(impressment)
2) Brits agreed to abandon western outposts
but should have been long gone already
3) US agreed to give Brits favored treatment
on imported goods
***Canceled the American-French alliance
and recognized British economic and naval
supremacy

What were
some of the
results of the
war for
Indians?

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Andrew Jackson required that Indians cede

(give up) more than half their land to the
federal gov't. He also killed over 800
Indians

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What were the 5 parts

to Hamilton's
proposed program?

1) Bonds to be bought by
individuals (loan money to gov't)
and this money used to pay off
federal and state war debts
2) Creation of new national debt old debts paid off with interestbearing bonds to govt's creditors
3) Creation of a Bank of the US
4) Raise money via taxes on
producers of whiskey
5) Tariff on imported foreign goos
and gov't subsidies to encourage
development of factories in US

What were the results

in Richmond of
Gabriel's rebellion
(with regard to gaining
freedom)?

The legislature tightened controls

over the black population by
making it illegal to gather on
Sundays without white supervision
and put restrictions on masters
voluntarily freeing their slaves.

What were the results

of the JeffersonHamilton Bargain (as
brokered by
Jefferson)?

1) No subsidies provided to
manufacturers (extra monies)
2) A permanent national capital
would be built on the Potomac
river between Maryland and
Virginia (i.e., DC)

What were the results

of the very successful
Lewis and Clark
expedition?

A very large amount of information

about the region as well as plant
and animal specimens. Also
demonstrated the possiblity of
overland travel to the Pacific coast.
Help to strengthen idea that Amer.
territory was destined to reach all
the way to Pacific

What were the results

of the War of 1812 for
the US?

Completed the conquest of the area

east of the Mississippi, broke the
remaining power of Indians in the
Old Northwest and significantly
reduced their holdings in the South

When was the first

time the US declared
war on another
country?

The war of 1812

Which president
reflected the views of
the Federalists when
he said, "The
government, not selfcreated societies was
the authentic voice of
the American people?"

President George Washington

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Who favored removal of

American Indians from
tribal lands to land west
of the Mississippi?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was elected the

president in 1797 after
George Washington
resigned from office?

John Adams

Who was the radical

author of "Rights of
Man?"

Thomas Paine

Who were the

presidential candidates
in the election of 1796?

John Adams and Thomas

Pinckney (Federalists) vs.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron
Burr (Republicans)

Who won the

presidency in 1800?

Thomas Jefferson

Who won the War of

1812?

It was essentially a military draw

even though our country's capital
was burned by the Brits

Why did Jefferson

desire to purchase the
Louisiana territory?

He was afraid that the French

might try to interfere with
American commerce and wanted
unchallenged access to the port of
New Orleans.

Why were Federalists

upset with the
Louisiana Purchase?

They argued that we paid too

much money for land which we
already had too much of.

Why were many

Americans nervous
about Hamilton's
proposal for a "national
army?"

They feared the gov't becoming

too powerful.

Why were many people

(led by Jefferson and
Madison mainly)
alarmed by Hamilton's
proposal?

*They felt it was too much like

Britain who we just won our
independence from.
*They felt the whiskey tax
unfairly targetted backcountry
farmers
*His plan only makes the rich
even richer

79.

Why would
the 1790s be
described as
an "age of
passion" as
one historian
put it?

Political parties developed due to sharp

divisions in ideas about how the country
should be governed and political rhetoric
became inflamed with one party criticizing
the other parties' loyalties to the ideals that
brought on the American Revolution.