Q.2 Starting new NGO vs opening a new branch of an existing NGO ?

Ans 2. New over existing one.

1. New NGOs have the ability to experiment freely with innovative approaches and, if
necessary, to take risks as they do not have any pressure from the core members of the
NGO.
.
2. New NGOs are flexible in adapting to local situations and responding to local needs and
therefore able to develop integrated projects, as well as sectoral projects. This is possible
because they can take quick decisions without waiting for any approval from the headoffice.
3. They have the ability to communicate at all levels, from the neighbourhood to the top
levels of government.
4. They are able to recruit both experts and highly motivated staff with fewer restrictions
than the government.
5. Paternalistic attitudes of the head branch of the existing NGO may restrict the degree of
participation in programme/project design.
6. Existing NGOs have a restricted/constrained ways of approach to a problem or area. A
new NGO can altogether bring in a new perspective on dealing with the problem as it
brings new values, beliefs, ideas etc.
7. Also new NGOs can adopt new and different values, culture, ethics etc. that are flexible
which maybe well suited for undertaking social welfare in particular areas. This is not
possible in case of branching where at times everything is very rigid.

Q3. Same as second question

4. CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS
Ans. 4 - Yes. India is a country where people look up to celebrities as role models.
Celebrities are keenly followed and being a public figure their life is topic of many
discussions across different sections of the society.
There are many examples of celebrities endorsing various social causes through various
NGOs.
On account of celebs endorsing NGO there has been a manifold rise in the common
people working for NGOs viz.
1. Aamir Khan being associated with various social causes ranging from malnutrition
among children to dowry death of females in India. He also has a TV show
Satyameva Jayate for highlighting the social evils that plague the Indian society.
2. Salman Khan through his NGO Being Human promotes welfare of underprivileged
kids in India.
3. Amitabh Bachan who is associated with the CLEAN INDIA CAMPAIGN initiated by
the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi etc.
Association of various celebs with such NGOs or social causes has influenced the
common man & women to contribute in dealing with the social evils that are causing
unprecedented damage to our society. When celebs are associated with any NGO it
enables the people to authenticate the genuineness of the particular organization. This in
turn helps to build trust between the people and the NGO. Celebrities are mainly needed
to endorse the NGO because in the past many NGOs have turned out to be bogus which
has adversely affected the mindset of people towards an NGO and the work they do.

Q5. CRITERIA FOR PAYMENT TO THE STAFF OF NGO

Ans. 5 This is one the main aspect of running a NGO. The staff of an NGO must be
well paid to motivate existing as well as prospective candidates to join NGOs which will
promote the greater good of the society. However NGOs are often subject to financial
constraints which are one of the major demotivating factors for people to join NGOs.
The payment criteria can be stated as follows:
1. Salary Benefits
(a) Bonus
All employees shall receive an annual bonus equal to one months basic salary. Bonus
will be included in the monthly salary payment of the month preceding the festival.
However, new staff on will not receive any annual bonus until the completion of the
six-month probationary period.

(b) Provident Fund

All regular employees are expected to set aside 10% of monthly pay to his/her
provident fund. NGO will contribute the same amount on monthly basis. Both the
employees and NGOs contributions are deposited in a savings account under the
employees name. The provident fund can only be withdrawn upon the employees
resignation from NGO.

2. Compensation against Accident of the staff during Service

In the event that the staff succumbs to an accident while working for NGO, i.e. during
the office hours or during field trips, he/she is entitled to receive compensation
amounting to a maximum of two-month salary of the individual to cover the medical
expenses.
3. Working Days and Hours
a) Working Days
NGO will follow a 5 days a week working schedule from Monday to Friday.
Saturdays and Sundays are considered non-working days.

Unless otherwise specified, NGO will observe the same public holidays as those
prescribed by the Government not exceeding ____ days a year. The Executive Director
will prepare a calendar of public holidays not exceeding _____ calendar days at the
beginning of each fiscal year and circulate it to all staff.
b) Office Hours
The office shall open from 09.30 am in the morning till 05.30 in the evening. All
employees are expected to complete 8 working hours daily. There will be one hour lunchbreak.

4. Overtime
Various factors, such as workloads, operational efficiency, and staffing needs, may
require variations in an employees total hours worked each day. In such circumstances,
the employee may have to work beyond the scheduled office hours.
Under such circumstances, the staff working overtime is entitled to payment for
working overtime and is authorized by its immediate supervisor for the same. However,
no overtime compensation will be provided for staff during field trips. The overtime rate
will be paid on hourly basis and will be calculated on the basis of the basic salary.

Q6. NGOs & TRANSPARENCY

Ans. 6 - NGOs should operate open information policies, based on transparency,
and make information easily accessible to relevant collaborators.
NGOs operate for public benefit, like governments, rather than private
benefit, like companies. In order to make the most contribution to other peoples
efforts, NGOs should operate with the openness and transparency expected from
democratic governments.
Information is power. Transparency empowers the people an NGO works
with. It makes it easier for them to collaborate with the NGO, as they understand
its work better and how it can best contribute to other efforts. With proper
information, collaborators can hold NGOs to account for their performance. This
creates incentives for continual improvement within an NGO. It is a crucial tool
for fighting corruption and the perception of corruption.
At the sector level, transparency makes it easier for NGOs to learn from each
other in pursuit of common goals. Funding can be better matched to strong
performance, so resources can be used more effectively.
NGOs should routinely publish:
1. Strategic plans, goals and background analysis
2. Performance reports, including feedback & scope indicators and evaluations
3. Which standards they use and performance in comparison to them
4. Major collaborators
5. Legal status, governance and management arrangements, including
identifying board members and senior managers
6. Financial information
7. Contact information
NGOs should make relevant information available in ways that are easy for different
stakeholders to access. In particular, they should make information accessible to the
organisations and poor people they work with directly.
Naturally, NGOs need to keep the costs of transparency under control. In some cases,
transparency can increase political and security risks. There are likely to be personal privacy
considerations. Sensible judgements should be taken about what information is appropriate to
publish and withhold, based on the presumption of transparency and collaboration, rather than
privacy.
Hence, being transparent enables NGOs to function smoothly and efficiently and achieve
their pre-determined goals and objectives.

Q7. GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF NGO AND INFLUENCE OF TRUSTEES ON

THEM
Ans. 7 - The board of directors is crucial to an NGO and is responsible for many specific tasks.
The boards main task is to govern and oversee the operations of the organization. In other
words, the board is legally, financially, and morally responsible for the organization.
The guiding principles are the pillars of the NGO. They act as a guide for the board of an
NGO in achieving their objectives. The board plays an important role in establishing and
ensuring that the principles are held in the highest regard at all times by the members of the
NGO. The board members may or may not have influence over the guiding principles of an
NGO. Care must be taken that the board members must not manipulate the principles of the
NGO for their selfish motives.