COMFORT CONDITIONS

Indoor Design Condition

Objectives:

What Does Air Conditioning Involve!

Its purpose and applications

Review Parameters Affecting Comfort

Overall comfort
Thermal comfort

Thermal Interactions of Human Body with Conditioned Space

Modes of interactions
Parameters influencing heat and mass interactions
DBT, RH, Air Circulation, Radiant Temperatures

Parameters to be accounted for in specifying indoor conditions

Effect of Indoor Conditions on Air Conditioning System

Design load
Choice of system
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COMFORT CONDITIONS
For Space Air Conditioning

Air-Conditioning Involves
Maintenance of proper dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, air quality, air
circulation and noise conditioning

Purpose of Air-Conditioning
Providing comfort living and/or work environment
Maintaining proper temperature and humidity levels to enable smooth operation of
machines
Creating suitable conditioning for processing and storage of perishable good
Maintaining clean environments in production facilities and laboratories

Thermal Comfort
Body heat balance; metabolism M, work performed W, heat loss due to evaporation E,
exchange of heat by radiation R and convection C
Normal body temperature
36 to 36.5oC
Normal skin temperature
31.3 to 33.4oC
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THERMAL INTERACTION OF HUMAN BODY

ASHRAE HBF 2013

For Space Air Conditioning

M W = Qsk+ Qres+S
= (C+R+Esk)+ (Cres+Eres)+(Ssk+Scr)
Where,
M
W
Qres
Qsk
Cres
Eres
C+R
Ssk, Scr

Rate of metabolic heat production

W/m2
Rate of mechanical work
accomplished, W/m2
Total rate of heat loss through
respiration, W/m2
Total rate of heat loss from skin, W/m2
Rate of convective heat loss from
respiration, W/m2
Rate of evaporative heat loss from
respiration, W/m2
Sensible Heat loss from skin, W/m2
Rate of heat storing in skin and core
components , W/m2

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COMFORT CONDITIONS
ASHRAE HBF 2013

For Some Important Terms

met = 58.2 W/m2

Unit of Metabolic Rate

Some typical values: sleeping 0.7 met; walking 2 to 3.8 met; office work 1.0 to 2.1 met;
wrestling 7 to 8.7 met
Surface area of adult body of 70 kg weight is taken as 1.8 m2

Clo = 0.155 m2 K/W

w
Skin Wetness

Unit of Insulating Effect of Clothing

Range 0.06 to 1
Ratio of evaporative loss from the skin to maximum evaporative loss from the skin, when
all the sweat not evaporated

tr

Mean Radiant Temperature

Uniform black body temperature of an imaginary enclosure with which subjects
exchange the same heat by radiation as they would in actual complex environment
to
Operative Temperature
Average of the mean radiant and ambient temperature, weighted by their respective heat
transfer coefficients

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COMFORT CONDITIONS
ASHRAE HBF 2013

For Some Important Terms

ET* Effective Temperature

Temperature of a uniform environment at 50% RH in which a person loses the same total
heat exchange by radiation, convection and evaporation as in the actual environment
Skin wetness, w and permeability index, im of clothing needs to be specified and are
constant for a particular ET*

SET* Standard Effective Temperature

ET* estimated assuming that the subject is wearing clothing standardized for the activity
concerned.

toh

Humid Operative Temperature

Temperature of a uniform environment at 100% RH in which a person loses the same
total heat exchange by radiation, convention, and evaporation as in the actual
environment

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EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE (ET*) & SKIN

WETNESS (w)
ASHRAE HBF 2013

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EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ON

PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES
ASHRAE HBF 2013

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EFFECT OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ON

DISCOMFORT
ASHRAE HBF 2013

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ASHRAE SUMMER AND WINTER COMFORT

CONDITION
ASHRAE HBF 2013

Air Temperature
DBT 22 to 27oC

Mean Radiant
Temperature
DBT + 10oC

Humidity
12 g moisture/kgda

Air Velocity
< 0.2 m/s

Clothing Range
1 and 0.5 clo
< 1.1 met
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