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10 Things to Consider When Selecting a High Quality Medium

Voltage Drive
Craig Hartman

10 Things to Consider When Selecting a High Quality Medium Voltage Drive (on photo: high-voltage frequency converters TMDrive-MV 6kV
produced by TMEIC, Japan; via it-spb.ru)

10 Considerations to Identify
Medium voltage drives have been available for over 35 years, but have only recently achieved very high reliability
and simplicity within the past few years. Below are 10 considerations on how I would go about specifying and
selecting a very high quality medium voltage drive based on my 35 years of experience with several different
suppliers and as Director of Engineering for a large steel company.

1. Harmonics
Variable Frequency Drives are the number 1 cause of power quality problems. They inject high frequency noise
into the power grid and can cause multiple power problems as well as legal liability since this high frequency noise
travels over the power lines to neighboring facilities.

The universally accepted utility standard for this is IEEE 519 IEEE Recommended Practices and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.

This standard requires that Total Harmonic Current Distortion (THID) be limited to certain levels depending on the
Utility short circuit levels.
For drives of this size, I would definitely require no more than 5% Total Harmonic Current Distortion (THID) at all load
levels and all speeds. Otherwise, you take unacceptable risks.

2. 24-pulse
In order to accomplish the above, I would require either a 24-pulse (or higher) converter or an active front end.
Some may try to sell 6-pulse, 12-pulse, 18-pulse, or filters to reduce the harmonic problems. These are band-aids to
reduce manufacturing cost and achieve a low-cost solution.
Compromising in this way saves very little, but can cause plenty of problems down the road.

3. Power Factor
For reasons similar to the above, I would require that TRUE Power Factor be 95% or higher at all speeds and all
loads above 10%. This will prevent utility penalties and problems with voltage drop and other deleterious effects on
the utility system.

Simply put, it keeps you out of trouble.

4. Voltage Source
Require a voltage source inverter. There are still some antiquated manufacturers pedaling a current source
inverter. These inverters have low power factor, high harmonics, and can damage motor insulation. Most major
manufacturers have discontinued this 1980s technology, but some are still trying to sell these drives.
All medium voltage drives designed in the last 10 years are voltage source designs. All recent drive designs in your
horsepower range now use IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) in the inverter.

5. Isolation Transformer
Require an isolation transformer. Some manufacturers try to skimp by and eliminate this important device. We have
seen many motor failures and other problems where isolation transformers are not used.

6. 4160V
The best voltage to use on the input of the drive is probably 4160, depending on the utility. But, that doesnt mean
that the motor needs to be 4160. I would leave the motor voltage to the discretion of the drive manufacturer.

7. Service Capabilities
In my analysis, I would find out the number of service engineers in the United States that are trained, full-time service
engineers, who can work on this equipment.
This does not mean sales people. It means full-time service technicians. Service support is critical where drive
reliability is critical.

8. Reliability
Reliability tends to be a difficult thing to evaluate as all suppliers will claim highest reliability. The TMEIC Dura-Bilt
drive has a Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of 16 years .

Any manufacturer can claim MTBF to be anything they want, so it tends to be a liars contest. But
there really are vast differences. One way to learn is to talk to customers. Another is to look at the
construction. One that I use is to look at the device ratings versus the drive ratings.

For instance, if one manufacturer uses 100A transistors on a 60A drive and another uses 70A transistors on a 60A
drive, then it is pretty clear that the 100A transistors are going to have higher reliability. It is also pretty obvious that if
the devices are conservatively rated, then the whole drive will be conservatively designed.
This takes a little effort to find out, but is worth it.

9. Manufacturer
Who is the manufacturer? How long have they been in business? How many drives to they have in service? What
is their reputation?

10. Engineering Support

Regardless of the manufacturer, you need to determine who is going to provide application and engineering
support throughout the life of the project, including design, installation, commissioning, and into the future. Are they
knowledgeable? Are they available? Are they responsive? Are their engineering and service people experienced and
competent?

And maybe most importantly, always make sure that your engineering support has the ability to
evaluate the entire system and not just the drive.

To add at the end

These 10 considerations are a good starting point, but each application will be different, with different factors and

issues to overcome. In my experience, the best thing you can do is to plan ahead and make sure that you consider
all your options.
Medium Voltage drives do not have to be complicated, in fact, hopefully they will only only improve in their
simplicity and reliability in the years to come.

ABBs Water-cooled medium-voltage variable-speed drive system

About Author //
Craig Hartman
Craig Hartman - Craig Hartman did his undergraduate work at the University of Utah in
Electrical Engineering and his graduate work at the University of Colorado, specializing in
Electrical Power Systems. Recently, he was named Outstanding Industrial Person of the
Year by the Intermountain Electrical Association. Craig's 30+ years of experience in power
generation and distribution, power quality, and industrial control comes through various
positions he has served in throughout his career. He has worked as a District Engineer
responsible for project engineering in 13 western States with Westinghouse Electric
Corporation, as the Director of Engineering and General Manager of Utilities for Geneva
Steel Corporation, and his current role, as Vice President of Operations and Engineering at VFDs.com.

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4 Comments

1.
Jagannath Mahankuda
Sep 29, 2014
Nice article ever. Also most knowledgeable .. Need Quite Effective with Trend & Graphs , relate to
Characteristic Behaviour ..
(reply)
2.
Edgard de Oliveira Santos
Sep 24, 2014
Congrats Craig! Straight to the point!
(reply)
3.
VIJAYA B KUPPA
Sep 21, 2014
I would like to add the following in addition to these ten points.
1. Power Quality related information on the MV Drive
2. Dynamic response of the Drive; Steady State & Transient response
3. Load behavior with regard to the Drive characteristics, particularly on Inductive loads
4 Drive Protection information
(reply)
4.
Edvard
Sep 17, 2014
Great advices Craig, thanks! Expirience speaks the best
(reply)
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