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Titrations
These are a volumetric technique where a known volume of a solution of known concentration (standard solution) is reacted with a solution of
unknown concentration and the information derived from the experiment is used to determine the concentration of the unknown concentration.
The equipment used is burettes, pipettes, conical flasks along with a suitable indicator. Review the notes on salts and salt preparation to review what
we have already done on titrations. The results from a titration are presented in a table as shown in the problem below.
Problem:
A solution of unknown concentration of sulfuric acid is reacted with 25.00cm3 of a solution of 0.25moldm3 sodium hydroxide. The results from the
titration are shown below. Use these results to determine the concentration of the sulfuric acid.
Table of titration results for the titration between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.
Titration number
25.00
35.20
26.30
0.00
10.00
1.00
25.00
25.20
25.30
Step 1: Calculate the volume of acid used. (This is why it is a different colour in the table).
Step 2: Calculate the average volume of acid used by average the TWO closest values.
(25.20 + 25.30)/2 = 25.25cm3
Step 3: Use the concentration and volume of the standard solution (in this case NaOH) to find the moles of NaOH used.
1000cm3 of NaOH contains 0.25mol
Step 5: Use the mole ratio and the moles of standard to determine the number of moles of unknown (sulfuric acid) used.
2 mol of NaOH react with 1 mol H2SO4
0.00625 mol of NaOH react with 0.00625/2 = 0.003125 mol of H2SO4
Step 6: Use the moles of unknown, H2SO4 (now determined) and the volume of unknown used to find the concentration of the unknown solution.
25.25cm3 of H2SO4 contain 0.003125 mol
1000cm3 of H2SO4 contain (0.003125 x 1000) / 25.25 = 0.124 moldm3
Table of titration results for the titration between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Titration number
30.00
31.20
31.30
0.00
1.00
1.30
Answer
Table of titration results for the titration between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid.
Titration number
30.00
31.20
31.30
0.00
1.00
1.30
30.00
30.20
30.00
Mol ratio