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Experiment 14
Double Pipe Heat
Exchanger
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105
CCB 2092
INTRODUCTION
A heat exchanger is the primary device used industrially for the transfer of heat between two
fluids. There are three general categories of heat exchangers: regenerators, open type exchangers,
and closed type exchangers, also known as recuperators. Regenerators are heat exchangers in
which fluids flow alternately through the same space with as little physical mixing as possible.
Open type exchangers allow the two fluids to mix with each other. A hot stream and a cold
stream enter the exchanger as separate streams and leave as one stream.
The double pipe heat exchanger belongs to the recuperator category. In this type of exchanger,
the hot and cold fluids do not come into direct contact with each other. The energy exchanged
flows from one fluid to the outer surface of the pipe by forced convection, through the pipe wall
by conduction, and then from the inside surface of the pipe to the second fluid by forced
convection. In this type of heat exchanger the flow can either be co-current or counter current.
The design of double pipe heat exchangers is straightforward. It is generally conservative to
neglect natural convection and entrance effects in turbulent flow.
General Description of the equipment:
The horizontal double pipe heat exchanger is a floor type model mounted on a platform designed
to allow students to get familiarized with a double pipe heat exchanger. The unit consists of
mainly a double pipe heat exchanger with cold and hot water circulation systems with all the
necessary instrumentation for heat exchanger studies. A data acquisition system is provided to
allow online data for recording temperature, mass flowrate, pressure drop and calculation for
mass and energy balances, heat transfer coefficients, heat exchanger efficiencies and log mean
temperature difference calculations.
The heat exchanger is oriented so that the condensate form by steam will be able to flow
smoothly towards the steam trap. The hot water circuit includes a stainless steel water tank with
electric heater to serve as the hot water source. The hot water temperature is controlled by
suitable PID temperature controller. A centrifugal pump is provided to circulate the hot water. The
cold water circuit includes a stainless steel water tank as a source of cold water with a centrifugal
pump to circulate the cold water. Cooling medium is supplied via a chiller system in order to
maintain the water temperature at desired value. All necessary sensors are provided to measure
the flow rates of the hot water and the cold water as well as temperatures of the two streams at
the inlets and outlets.
The hot water line is provided with provision to be connected with the existing valve steam outlet.
All other necessary requirement for installation and operation i.e. PRV system, steam trap etc are
installed accordingly. Please refer to the process flow diagram.
zamriab@petronas.com.my
106
CCB 2092
zamriab@petronas.com.my
107
CCB 2092
EQUIPMENT DETAILS
Inner pipe
Copper
401W/mK
Outer pipe
16W/mK
2 (1 outer, 1 inner)
3.625 inch
2.125 inch
80 - 95C
Heating capacity
30kW
20 LPM
15-30C
Heating capacity
3.5kW (5 horsepower)
20 LPM
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CCB 2092
Operation
Co-current
Equipment
Open
Close
V6, V9
V7, V8
Solenoid
V11, V5
(removed)
V2
V14
V12
V4
V1
V13
V10
V3
V7, V8
V6, V9
Throttle
V11, V5
(removed)
V2
V14
V12
V4
V1
V13
V10
V3
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
General Heating & Cooling Loop Procedure:
1.
Switch on the power supply to the heater (Heating loop) and chiller (Cooling loop).
2.
At the temperature controller, enter the set point of the heater temperature as stated in the
equipment details above. For example: T = 90C.
3.
At the temperature controller, enter the set point of the chiller temperature as stated in the
equipment details above. For example: T = 15C.
Switch on valves according to Table 14.1 in order to allow circulating flow for the cold
water circulating loop.
2.
3.
Switch on valves according to Table 14.1 in order to allow circulating flow for the hot water
circulating loop.
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CCB 2092
4.
5.
Regulate the cold water and hot water flow rates accordingly. Change the values of the
flow rates at various readings.
6.
Monitor and observe the temperature changes in cold and hot water loop.
7.
8.
Switch on valves according to Table 1 in order to allow circulating flow for the cold water
circulating loop.
2.
3.
Switch on valves according to Table 1 in order to allow circulating flow for the hot water
circulating loop.
4.
5.
Regulate the cold water and hot water flow rates accordingly. Change the values of the
flow rates at various readings.
6.
Monitor and observe the temperature changes in cold and hot water loop.
7.
8.
2.
3.
Monitor the temperature of the outlet temperature of the cold water leaving the double
pipe heat exchanger. At temperature 30C, stop cold water circulating pump P2 and turn
off power supply to chiller.
4.
5.
6.
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