BASIC CONCEPT OF Q.S.

BASIC CONCEPT
OF
QUANTITY SURVEYING
(Q.S.)
-PREPARED BY MANIRUL ISLAM
Quantity Surveyor (Civil), Teejan, Oman

1. UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
SL.N
O

ITEMS

UNIT
UNIT
FOR
FOR COMPLETED ITEM
LABOUR (MATERIAL+LABOUR)
WORK

01

Excavation

cum / cft

cum / cft

02

Back filling
soling

/cum / cft

cum / cft

03

Footing
(Concreting)

No.

cum / cft

04

P.C.C

sqm / sft

cum / cft

05

Column
/rm / rft
Beam / Lintel
Concreting

cum / cft

06

Slab concreting sqm / sft

cum / cft

07

Pardi / Chajja /sqm / sft

Loft Concreting

cum / cft

08

Staircase
Concreting

cum / cft

09

Brick masonrysqm / sft

10cm to 15cm
thick

sqm / sft

10

Brick masonrysqm / sft

23cm thick

cum / cft

11

Brick masonrycum / cft

35cm thick

cum / cft

12

U.C.R. masonry cum / cft

cum / cft

13

Plastering

sqm / sft

No. (per step)

/sqm / sft

Pointing
14

Flooring / Tiling sqm / sft

sqm / sft

15

Skirting / Steps rm / rft

rm / rft

16

Sill Patti

rm / rft

rm / rft

17

Kitchen otta

No. or rm / rft

rm / rft

18

Painting

sqm / sft

sqm / sft

19

Doors
Windows

/ No. or sqm / sft sqm / sft

20

Plumbing pipes rm / rft

rm / rft

21

Plumbing fittingNo.
/ sanitary ware

No.

22

Water tanks

ltr.

ltr.

23

Septic tanks

ltr.

No. of users

24

Road
worksqm / sft
(asphalting)

sqm / sft

25

Electrical
rm / rft
cabling / Wiring

rm / rft

26

Electrical
points

No.

27

Water-proofing sqm / sft

to terrace

sqm / sft

28

Water-proofing No.
of W.C

sqm / sft

29

Gardening
(lawn)

sqm / sft

30

Gardening
No.
(trees / bushes)

No.

sqm / sft

No.

2. CONVERSION TABLE
SR.NO

UNIT

EQUIVALENT UNITS

01

1 meter

100 centimeter

02

1 meter

3.28 feet

04

1 centimeter

0.393 inch

05

1 foot

0.305 meter

07

1 inch

2.54 centimeter/ 25.4 mm

08

1 tone

1000 kg

09

1 kg

1000 grams

10

1 kg

0.001 tone

11

1 gram

0.001 kg

13

1 sq meter

10.76 sq feet

14

1 brass

100 sq feet

15

1 brass

9.29 sq meter

16

1 cu meter

35.28 cu feet

17

1 cu meter

1000 liters

18

1 cu feet

28.315 liters

19

1 brass

100 cu feet

20

1 cu feet

0.0283 cu meter

21

1 liter

0.001 cu meter

22

1 liter

0.0353 cu feet

23

1 cu feet

0.01 brass

24

1 cu meter

0.35 brass

3. WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIAL

SR.NO

MATERIAL

THEORETICAL WEIGHT IN
Kg/cum

01

Cement

1440

02

Steel

7850

03

Dry sand

1600

04

River sand

1840

05

Stone

2850 to 2960

06

Water

1000

07

P.C.C

2240

08

R.C.C. (2% steel)

2420

09

Bricks

1600 to 1920

10

Brick masonry

1920

11

Soil

1760

12

Cement concrete block (solid)

1800

13

Cement mortar

2080

14

Lime mortar

1760

15

Lime

640

16

Glass

2530

17

Teak wood

670 to 830

18

Sal wood

990

19

Marble stone

2620

20

Granite stone

2460 to2800

21

Cuddappa

2720

22

Bitumen

1040

RATE

ANALYSIS
1. P.C.C. FOOTING (1:3:6)
Consider 10 cum volume.
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (Adding 50 to 52% for compaction, wastages etc)
Proportion (1:3:6) = 1+3+6 = 10
Volume of cement = 15.2/10 = 1.52 cum.
= 1.52/0.035 = 43.4 bags ~ 44 bags.
Volume of sand = 1.52 X 3 = 4.56 cum.
Volume of metal = 1.52 X 6 = 9.12 cum.
MATERIAL

QTY

CEMENT

44

SAND
METAL

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

265 Rs.

Bag

11660.00

4.56

1270 Rs.

Cum

5791.20

9.12

900 Rs.

Cum

8208.00

LABOURS

NO.

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

HEAD MASON

02

400 Rs.

Day

800.00

MASON

04

250 Rs.

Day

1000.00

MALE COOLIE

16

200 Rs.

Day

3200.00

FEMALE COOLIE

07

150Rs.

Day

1050.00

TOTAL

TOOLS & PLANTS L.S. 1%

TOTAL=31709.2+317.092

WATER & ELECTRIC CHARGES 2% =

31709.2
317.092
32026.292
640.52

TOTAL=32026.292+640.52

32666.818

CONTRACTORS PROFIT 25%

8166 .705

GRANT TOTAL= 3266.818+8166.705 =

40833.505

RATE FOR 10 CU.M

= 40833.505 Rs.
RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4083.350 Rs.

2. BRICK WORK
Considering 1:4 ratios for cement mortar in 150mm thick brickwork.
Calculation of quantity for 5 cu.m volume in brickwork as follows:
Size of brick = 19 cm x9 cm x9 cm.
Vol. of brick = (0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09) cu.m
= 0.00154cu.m.
Vol. of brick with cement mortar
= (0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1) cu.m
= 0.002 cu.m.
No. of bricks in 5 cu.m
= 5 (vol. of one brick with mortar).
= 5 0.002
= 2500
Vol. of 2500 bricks = 2500 x vol. of one brick without mortar.
=2500 x 0.00154

= 3.85cu.m.
Vol. of mortar = 5 3.85 = 1.15 cu.m.
Add 15% (Bulkage + wastage)
Vol. of wet mortar = 1.15 + {1.15 x (15 100)}
= 1.323cu.m
Vol. of dry mortar = 1.323 + 33% in wet mortars for interlocking =1.759cu.m
Vol. of cement = 1.759 (1+4) =0.352cu.m
No. of cement bags = 0.352 0.035
=10.057bags.
10.00bags
Vol. of sand = 0.352 x 4
= 1.408cu.m.
ITEM DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

RATE RS.

AMOUNT RS.

Cement

10 bags

250/bag

2500.00

Sand

1.408 cu.m

1270/cu.m

1788.16

Bricks

2500 Nos.

4/no.

10000.00

Mason

250/day

1000.00

Head Mason

400/day

400.00

Male coolie

10

200/day

2000.00

a. Material

Total
c. Tools & Plants

1%

0f total
Total

d. Water charges

2%

e. Supervisor, Overhead &

25%

Of total

17688.16
176.88
17865.04
357.30

Total

18222.34

Of the total

4555.58

Total

22777.92

Profit

RATE FOR 5 CU.M

= 22777.92 Rs.

RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4555.58 Rs.

3. R.C.C. COLUMN
Consider 10 cum volume.
Grade of concrete M 40
Proportion (1: 1.808: 1.616) 1+1.808+1.616= 4.424 {as per mix design}
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (52% for compaction & wastages)

Volume of Cement = 15.2/4.424 = 3.435 cum.

Cement bags

= 3.435/0.035 = 98.12 ~ 99 Bags.

Sand = 3.435 X 1.808 = 6.21 cum.

Metal = 3.435 X 1.616= 5.55 cum.
MATERIAL

QTY

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

CEMENT

99

265 Rs.

Bag

26235.00

SAND

6.21

1270 Rs.

Cum

7886.70

METAL

5.55

900 Rs.

Cum

4995.00

LABOURS

NO.

RATE

PER

AMOUNT

HEAD MASON

400 Rs.

Day

400.00

MASON

250 Rs.

Day

750.00

MALE COOLIE

16

200 Rs.

Day

3200.00

BHISTI

150 Rs.

Day

1050.00

CARPENTER

200 Rs.

Day

800.00

HELPER

125 Rs.

Day

1000.00

TOTAL

46316.7

Tools & Plants charges 1%

TOTAL=46316.7+463.167

= 46779.86

Water charges 2%

463.167

= 935.59

TOTAL=46779.86+935.59

= 47715.45

Contractors profit 25%

= 11928.8

TOTAL = 47715.45+11928.8

= 59644.31

RATE FOR 10 CUM = RS. 59644.31/RATE FOR PER CU.M = RS. 5964.43/-

4. INTERNAL PLASTER
12mm thick internal plaster
Considering 100sqm area
Proportion of C:M = 1:4
Summation of proportion =5
Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.012 x 100 = 1.2cum
Adding 15% wastage = 1.2 + (1.2 x 0.15) =1.38cum
Volume of dry mix = 1.38 + (1.38 x 1/3) =1.84cum
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (1.84 /5) x 1
= 0.368cum
= 0.368 / 0.035
=10.5 bags
Volume of sand = (dry volume / 5) x 4
= (1.84 /5) x 4
= 1.472 cum

MATERIALS

QUANTITY

RATE (RS)

AMOUNT (RS)

Sand

1.472cum

1300 /cum

1913

Cement

10.5bags

250 / bag

2625

Scaffolding

L.S

550

550

LABOURS

QUANTITY

RATE (RS)

AMOUNT (RS)

Mason

8nos

200

1600

Helper

12nos

90

1080

Total

7768

Tools & Plants

1%

0f total
Total

Water charges

Supervisor, Overhead &

2%

25%

Of total

77.68
7845.68
156.91

Total

8002.59

Of the total

2000.65

Total

10003.23

Profit

RATE FOR 100m = 10003.23Rs.

RATE FOR 1m

= 100.03Rs.

5. EXTERNAL PLASTER
20mm thick external plaster

Considering 100sqm area.

Proportion for mix C:M = 1:4.
Summation of proportion = 5.
Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum.
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.02 x 100 = 2cum.
Adding 20% wastage = 2 +( 2 x 0.2 ) = 2.4cum.
Volume of dry mix = 2.4 + (2.4 x 1/3) = 3.2cum.
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (3.2 /5) x 1
= 0.64cum
= 0.64 / 0.035
= 18.3 bags
= 19 bags
Volume of sand = (dry mix / 5) x 4
= (3.2 /5) x 4
= 2.56cum.

PARTICULAR

QUANTITY

RATE(RS)

AMOUNT(RS)

Sand

2.56cum

1300

3328

Cement

19bags

250

4750

Scaffolding

L.S.

550

550

Mason

8nos

200

1600

Helper

12nos

90

1080

Total

11708.5

Materials

Labors

Tools & Plants

1%

0f total
Total

117.08
11825.60

Water charges

Supervisor, Overhead

2%

25%

Of total

236.512

Total

12062.112

Of the total

3015.53

Grand Total

15077.64

& Profit

RATE FOR 100m = 15077.64Rs.

RATE FOR 1m

=150.77Rs.

USEFULL DATA FOR

ESTIMATION

Mixer Machine Capacity:

Dry volume Wet volume Output per Petrol consumption
Sr. No: Capacity
Remarks
in cum
in cum
hour
per hour in litre
1

6' / '4'

0.170

0.113

2.266

1.000

7' / '5'

0.198

0.142

2.832

1.400

10' / '7'

0.283

0.198

3.965

1.700

Sr. No: Ratio

Cement in Kg

Cement in
bag

Sand in
'cum'.

Remarks

1 : 1'

1054

21.08

0.73

1 : 2'

686

13.72

0.96

1 : 3'

491

9.82

1.02

1 : 4'

380

7.60

1.05

1 : 6'

253

5.06

1.05

1 : 8'

192

3.84

1.06

Cement in Kg

Cement in
bag

Sand in
'cum'.

Aggregate in 'cum'. Remarks

161

3.22

0.45

0.89

212

4.24

0.44

0.88

317

6.34

0.44

0.88

403

8.06

0.42

0.84

555

11.10

0.385

0.77

Each batch of concrete

requires about 3 minutes
of mixing

Cement Mortar:

50 kg. cement bag size is

Water may be
(400mm x 350mm x
generally taken as
250mm internally. Volume
140 litres per 'cum'.
per is = 0.035 'cum'.

Cement Concrete:
Sr. No: Ratio
1
2
3
4
5

1 : 4 : 8'
Nominal
Mix
1 : 3 : 6'
Nominal
Mix
1 : 2 : 4'
M15
1 : 1.5 : 3'
M20
1 : 1 : 2'
M25

Remarks
Considering dry density of concrete is 1.54
'cum'.
Aggregate may be used 60% : 40% ratio of 20mm and 10mm down respectively.
Water required for concrete varies from 28 to 35 litres per bag of (50kg) cement depending on the mix and
proportion.

SAMPLE Quotation for Building Construction Based on Item rate contract

Sl
.
No
.

DESCRIPTION

OF

WORK

Unit

Rate

Cft

5.00

Cft

70.00

Cft

90.00

Cft

150.00

Excavation in hard/ soft soil for foundation, and

removing the excavated earth to a distance not
exceeding 50 m and with a lift up to 1. 5 m in
1

hard soil.

Providing and laying granite jelly concrete using

40 mm down size jelly for foundation and well
compacted curing etc. complete in cement
2

concrete ( 1 : 4 : 8 ).

Providing and constructing granite or trap size

stone masonry with bond stones 2m apart in
each course including curing etc complete as
3

per specification in cement mortar ( 1 : 8).

Providing and laying granite or trap jelly cement

concrete using 20 mm down size including curing
etc. complete in cement concrete ( 1 : 3 : 6 )for
4

plinth beam.

Providing and laying cement concrete (1:11/2:3)

for R.C.C. Column footing using 20mm and down
size granite jelly with necessary centering and
shuttering including machine mixing lifting
laying tamping finishing exposed faces in
cement mortar (1:3) curing etc , complete
(Exclusive of cost of steel and fabrication
5

charges).

Cft

150.00

Cft

150.00

charges).

Cft

150.00

Providing and constructing brick masonry with

Cft

100.00

Providing and laying cement concrete (1:2:4)

for R.C.C. Column using 20mm and down size
granite jelly with necessary centering and
shuttering including machine mixing lifting
laying tamping finishing exposed faces in
cement mortar (1:3) curing etc , complete
(Exclusive of cost of steel and fabrication
6

charges).

Providing and laying cement concrete (1:2:4)

for R.C.C. Beam using 20mm and down size
granite jelly with necessary centering and
shuttering including machine mixing lifting
laying tamping finishing exposed faces in
cement mortar (1:3) curing etc , complete
(Exclusive of cost of steel and fabrication

approved quality of table moulded modular

Bricks of standard size with necessary scaffolding
and curing etc, in cement mortar(1:6).(9 thick
8

wall).

Providing and constructing brick masonry with

approved quality of table moulded modular
Bricks of standard size with necessary scaffolding
and curing etc, in cement mortar(1:6)(4 1/2 thick
9

wall).

Providing and laying cement concrete

Sft

(1:2:4) for Cft

70.00

150.00

R.C.C. Lintels using 20mm and down size granite

jelly including vibrating, curing and with, complete.
10

(Exclusive of cost of steel and fabrication charges).

Providing and laying cement concrete for R.C.C

Chajja and loft as per design in cement concrete
(1:2:4) in granite of 20 mm and down size
along with plastering in cement mortar (1:3)
including plastering complete (Excluding cost of
steel and fabrication charges) .

Sft

120.00

Cft

200.00

Cft

150.00

11
Providing and laying cement concrete (1:2:4)
for R.C.C. Stair case using 20 mm and down
size granite jelly including vibrating curing and
with necessary centering and form work ,
including smooth finish in cement mortar (1:3)
etc, complete (Exclusive of cost of steel and
fabrication charges).
12
Providing and laying cement concrete (1:2:4)
for R.C.C. Roof slab using 20mm and down
size granite jelly with necessary centering and
shuttering including machine mixing lifting
laying tamping finishing exposed faces in
cement mortar (1:3) curing etc , complete
(Exclusive of cost of steel and fabrication
charges).
13

Providing and fabricating mild/HYSD steel

reinforcement including straightening , cutting,
bending ,hooking ,lapping ,tieing, with binding wire
and anchoring to the adjoining members
wherever etc , complete as per design and
14

specification .

Tons

45000.00

Sft

30.00

Sft

30.00

Sft

35.00

Sft

40.00

Providing & Laying P.C.C (1:4:8) For Portico with

40mm and down size jelly including tamping,
15

curing, finishing etc, complete.

Providing plain plastering for external walls of

burnt brick masonry in cement mortar (1:6)
including providing and removing scaffolding
smooth rendering , curing etc, complete.
16

Providing plain plastering for internal walls of

burnt brick masonry in cement mortar (1:6)
including providing and removing scaffolding, lime
17

rendering curing etc , complete.

Providing plastering to ceiling with cement

mortar (1:3) with necessary scaffolding and
curing , complete .
18
Providing and fixing doors with Sal wood frames Sft

400.00

& Skin doors fixed in the masonry with flat iron

hold fasts embedded in cement concrete
(1:3:6:) with fully paneled

shutters including

fixing the fittings. etc, complete.(Skin Doors)

19
20

Providing and fixing windows & Ventilators of sal Sft

& Honne wood frames fixed in the masonry with
iron hold fasts embedded in cement concrete
(1:3:6) with fully paneled Honne wood shutters

800.00

as per design and drawing including fixing the

fittings . etc , complete.

Providing and fixing Main door with Teak wood,

21

including fixing & fittings etc, complete.

Sft

1500.00

Providing flooring with Vertified tiles, including

22

finishing etc, complete.(Basic price =80/-)

Sft

130.00

Skirting(Vetrified tiles):

Rft

70.00

Providing & laying Antiskid flooring for Toilet.)

Sft

80.00

Sft

120.00

Sft

14.00

Providing Distemper painting to ceiling over the Sft

10.00

23

24

Glazed tiles Dadooding for toilet & kitchen walls in

cement mortar in clading, oxalic acid wash,
25

finishing etc, complete.(basic rate Rs. 70/- per Sft)

Providing emulsion painting to internal walls

over the primer coat of approved make and
colour and finishing as per specification and
directions.
26

primer coat of approved make and colour and

finishing as per specification and directions.
27
Providing Asian Apex Matte painting for External
walls over the primer coat of approved make
and colour and finishing as per specification
and directions.
28

Sft

12.00

Providing and laying weather proof course to

the required slope as per detailed specification
29

and directions etc., complete.

Sft

30.00

Rft

300.00

Sft

120.00

Sft

12.00

Providing parapet wall of 4 thick and 2 6

high with approved quality of modular bricks
including plastering in cement mortar (1:6).etc ,
30

complete.

Providing and fixing of M.S. grill for windows and

fixing of all fittings, finishing etc., complete, as per
design & specification.
31
Providing Enamel painting for Grills/ Staircase
Railing & Balcony Railing etc, complete.
32

Providing & construction of Sump tank with burnt

brick maonry walls & providing & laying of RCC Roof
slab including plastering etc.,complete along with
33

sump cover.

Rs. 3/- Ltrs.

Providing & construction of 4 1/2 Compound wall

upto a height of 46 including foundation,
34

plastering, painting etc, complete.

Rft

750.00

Sft

200.00

Sft

150.00

Providing & fixing of M.S.Gate as per design &

35

specification, etc., complete.

Providing & fixing of M.S.Railing as per design &

36

specification for balcony railings.

Note:

Items not mention will be charged at market rates.

Quantities are as per the work executed at site.