E4-E5 CIVIL

E4(TECHNICAL)
Structural Design of RCC Bldg
Components
(Session 2)
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WELCOME
This is a presentation for the E4-E5 Civil Technical
Module for the Topic: Structural Design of RCC Bldg
Components (Session 2)
Eligibility: Those officers of civil wing who have got the
Up-gradation from E4 to E5.
This presentation is last updated on 21-4-2011.
You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this
topic.

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AGENDA
Design of Various Structural Components
Column Design
Design of Slab
Beam Design
Isolated Footing Design Imp. Considerations.
Development Length

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DESIGN OF RCC STRUCTURE

Design of Various Structural Components
After load calculation & analysis for vertical & horizontal
loads, design & of various structural components e.g.
Columns,
Foundations,
Beams,
Slabs & staircase etc
are carried out as per various clauses of IS codes with
help from charts & tables given in BIS handbooks.

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Design of Columns
Design of Columns

After obtaining (i) Vertical load, (ii) Moments due to

horizontal loads on either axis & (iii) Moments due to
vertical loads on either axis, acting on each column, at
all floor levels of the building,

Columns are designed by charts of SP-16(Design

Aids).

Design of each column is carried out from the top of

foundation to the roof, varying the amount of steel
reinforcement for suitable groups for ease in design.
Slenderness effects in each storey are also considered
for each column group.
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Design of Columns
Column
A compression member, the effective length > three times
the least lateral dimension.
Short and Slender Compression Members
When both slenderness ratios lex/D and ley/b are <12

Column is a short column

If more than 12, then it is long or slender column.

Slender Columns are designed for Additional Moments

as per Clause 39.7 of IS456
Effective height of column: For effective column height refer table 28 (Annexure E)
of IS:456-2000.
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Design of Columns
Design Of Columns Important Considerations
(ii) Unsupported Length
In beam-slab construction, it is the clear distance between the floor &
under side of shallower beam framing into columns in each direction at
next higher floor level.

(iii) Slenderness limits for columns

The unsupported length between end restraints shall not exceed 60
times the least lateral dimension of a column.

(iv) Minimum Eccentricity All columns shall be designed for

emin
l/500+ D/30 20 mm
Where l= Unsupported length of column in mm. D= Lateral dimension
of column in the direction under consideration in mm.
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Design of Columns
Design Of Columns Design Approach
The design of column is complex as it is subjected to axial
loads & moments which may very independently.
Column design requires
Determination of the cross sectional dimension.
The area of longitudinal steel & its distribution.
Transverse steel.
The maximum axial load & moments acting along the
length of column are considered for design of the column
section.
The transverse reinforcement is provided to impart effective
lateral support against buckling to every longitudinal bar.
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Design of Columns
Design Of Columns Reinforcement Provisions as per
IS:456A. Longitudinal reinforcement
Area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be not less than
0.8% nor more than 6% of cross sectional area of the
column.
However maximum area of steel should not exceed 4% to
avoid practical difficulties in placing & compacting concrete.
In pedestals, in which the longitudinal reinf. is not taken into
account in strength calculations, nominal reinforcement
should be not be less than 0.15% of cross sectional area.
Minimum dia of longitudinal bar should be 12 mm
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Design of Columns
Design Of Columns Reinforcement Provisions as per
IS:456
A. Longitudinal reinforcement
Spacing between bars < 300mm along periphery of column
The minimum number of bars shall be four in rectangular
columns & six in circular columns.
B. Transverse reinforcement (STIRRUPS)
Diameter of lateral ties should not be less than 1/4th of dia of the
largest longitudinal bar & in no case should be less than 6 mm.
Spacing of lateral ties should not > least of the following:Least lateral dimension of the column.
16 times the smallest diameter of longitudinal bars to be tied.
300 mm.
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SLAB DESIGN
TYPES OF SLABS
Based on Ratio of long span to short span
One way slab Long span (ly)/Short span (lx ) > 2
Two way slab Long span (ly)/Short span (lx ) < 2
Based on Edge Conditions
Simply supported
Restrained Edge Conditions of supporting edge
Cantilever
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SLAB DESIGN
The design of floor slab is carried out as per

Clause 24.4 &

Clause 37.1.2 & Annexure D of IS:456-2000 .

The Bending moment coefficients are taken from

Table- 26 or

Table 27 of BIS code
depending on support conditions
Bending moment is calculated & reinforcement
steel is obtained from charts given in SP-16.

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Clause 22.2 Effective Span
Effective Span of slab or beam to be considered in
design is based on support condition- simply supported,
continuous, cantilever etc. & width of support.
For RCC frame construction, generally centre to centre
distance is considered.

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

EFFECTIVE DEPTH Clause 23.0
Effective depth of beam or slab =
distance between centroid
of area of tension reinf.
& maximum comp. fiber,
Excluding thickness of finishing material not placed
monolithically with member and the thickness of any
concrete provided to allow for wear.

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Clause 23.2 CONTROL OF DEFLECTION
The deflection shall generally be limited to following:
Final deflection < span/250
(Due to all loads & measured from as-cast level of
supports of floors, roofs and all other horizontal
members.)
Final deflection < span/350 or 20mm whichever
is less
(Including effects of temperature, creep & shrinkage
occurring after erection of partitions & application of
finishes.).
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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Clause 23.2 CONTROL OF DEFLECTION
For beams, vertical deflection limits may
generally be assumed to be satisfied provided
that span/depth ratio are not greater than the
value obtained as below
(a) Basic values of span/effective depth ratios for
spans up to 10m:
Cantilever
7
Simply supported
20
Continuous
26
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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Clause 23.2 CONTROL OF DEFLECTION
For spans >10m, values in (a) may be multiplied by
10/span in meters,
Modification Factors are applied
Based on area & type of steel for tension
reinforcement (As per Fig. 4 of IS456)
Based on area of compression reinforcement (As per
Fig. 5 of IS456)
For flanged beams (As per Fig. 6 of IS456)

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Clause 24.1 SLABS Control of Deflection
The provisions of 23.2 for beams apply to slabs also.
For slabs spanning in two directions shorter of the two
spans to be used for span/effective depth ratios.
For two-way slabs of shorter spans (3.5 m) with mild
steel reinf., span/depth ratios given below may
generally be assumed to satisfy vertical deflection limits
for loading class up to 3 kN/m2.
Simply supported slabs
35
Continuous slabs
40
For HYSD bars grade Fe 415 & Fe500, values given
above to be multiplied by 0.8.
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BIS 456 EXTRACT

26.5.2 Requirement of Reinforcement SLABS
26.5.2.1 Minimum reinforcement
Mild steel reinf. in either direction in slabs 0.15 %
of total cross sectional area.
For high strength deformed bars 0.12 % of total
(Fe415/Fe500 bars) cross sectional area.
26.5.2.2 Maximum diameter
The dia of reinforcing bars < 1/8th of total thickness
of slab

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Requirement of Reinforcement SLABS
26.3.3 Maximum distance between bars

The horizontal distance between parallel main
reinforcement bars 3d or 300 mm

The horizontal distance between parallel
reinforcement bars provided against shrinkage
and temperature 5d or 300 mm whichever is
smaller.

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SLAB DESIGN
Steps for Design of Slabs
Step 1: Selection of preliminary depth of slab
Step 2: Calculate design loads, bending moments
Step 3: Determination/checking of the effective and
total depths of slabs
Step 4: Determination of areas of steel
Step 5: Selection of diameter & spacing of
reinforcing bars

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BIS 456 EXTRACT

Torsion reinforcement is provided at any corner
where the slab is simply supported on both edges
meeting at that corner.
It consist of top and bottom reinforcement, each with
layers of bars placed parallel to sides of slab &
extending from edges a minimum distance of onefifth of the shorter span.
Area of reinf. in each of these four layers is threequarters of the area required for maximum mid-span
moment in slab
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BEAM DESIGN
26.5.1.1 Tension reinforcement
a) Minimum reinforcement As = 0.85
bd
fy
where
AS =minimum area of tension reinforcement
b =breadth of beam or the breadth of the web
d =effective depth of T-beam
fy =characteristic strength of reinforcement in N/mm2 &
b) Maximum reinforcement - The maximum area of
tension reinforcement not to exceed 0.04 bD.
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BEAM DESIGN
Compression reinforcement
The maximum area of compression reinforcement not to
exceed 0.04 bD

Side face reinforcement

Where depth of web in a beam >750 mm, side face reinf is
to be provided along the two faces.
The total area of such reinf. should not < 0.1 percent of
web area and
It shall be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not
> 300 mm or web thickness whichever is less.
Also to be provided in beams having torsion & with width or
depth >450mm
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BEAM DESIGN
Minimum shear reinforcement (Clause 26.5.1.6)
Minimum shear reinforcement in the form of stirrups shall
be provided such that:
Asv
=
0.4
bsv
0.87fy
Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement (Clause 26.5.1.5)
The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement measured
along axis of member shall be < 0.75 d for vertical
stirrups and d for inclined stirrups at 45 degrees.
In no case shall the spacing to be >300 mm.

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BEAM DESIGN
Steps for Design of beams
Step 1: Selection of preliminary cross sectional
dimension of beam
Step 2: Calculate design loads, bending moments &
shear force
Step 3: Determination/checking of the effective and
total depths of beam/ Revise if necessary.
Step 4: Determination of areas of steel for flexure
Step 5: Determination of shear reinforcement
Step 6: Detailing as per IS 456 & IS13920
provisions
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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
Foundations transfer loads from the building or individual
columns to earth. Foundations must be designed to
prevent

Structural Failure
Shear failure of soil
Excessive settlement &
To minimize differential settlement

Depth of footing is determined from the consideration of

(a) Bending Moment
(b) One way shear
(c)Two way shear
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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
To determine area required for proper transfer of total
load on the soil, the total load (the combination of dead,
live and any other load without multiplying it with any load
factor) need to be considered.
Total Load including Self Weight of footing
Plan Area of footing

----------------------------------------------Allowable bearing capacity of soil

Thickness of the edge of footing

The thickness at the edge shall not be less than 15 cm for
footing on soils.
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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
Bending Moment (Reference Clauses- 34.2.3.1 & 34.2.3.2)
The critical section for bending Moment is considered
at the face of column, Pedestal or wall.
Shear (Reference Clause 33.2.4.1)
The critical section for one way shear is at the vertical
section located at a distance equal to the effective
depth (d) from the face of the column, pedestal or wall
of the footing in case of footings on soils.

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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
For one way action
For one way shear action, the nominal shear stress is
calculated as follows:Vu
v =
------b.d
Where
v = Shear stress, Vu = Factored vertical shear force
b = Breadth of critical section, d = Effective depth
v < c ( c = Design Shear Strength of concrete based on % of
longitudinal tensile reinforcement refer Table 61 of SP-16)
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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
For Two Way Action (Punching shear )
Critical section for punching shear is at d/2 from the face of
column or pedastal
For two way shear action, the nominal shear stress is calculated
in accordance with clause 31.6.2 of the code as follows:Vu
v
=
---------b0.d
Where
b0
=
Periphery of the critical section

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FOUNDATION DESIGN
Design of Foundations Important Considerations
Development Length (Reference Clause 34.2.4.3)
The critical section for checking the development length in a
footing shall be assumed at the same planes as those
described for bending moment in clause 34.2.3 of code and
also at all other vertical planes where abrupt changes of
section occur.
Reinforcement

Minimum % of steel in footing slab should be 0.12% &

Maximum spacing should not be more than 3 times
effective depth or 300mm which ever is less.
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DETAILING
Reinforcing steel of same type and grade shall be
used as main reinforcement in a structural member.
Simultaneous use of two different types or grades of
steel for main and secondary reinforcement is
permissible.
The calculated tension or compression in any bar at
any section shall be developed on each side of the
section by an appropriate development length or end
anchorage or by a combination thereof.

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Development Length
Development Length of Bars
Ld = st /4bd,
= nominal diameter of bar, bd = design bond stress
st = stress in bar at the section considered at design load
Design bond stress in limit state method for plain bars in
tension is given in clause 26.2.1.1
For deformed bars conforming to IS 1786 these values
are to be increased by 60 %.
For bars in compression, the values of bond stress for
bars in tension is to be increased by 25 percent

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Development Length

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