8/1/2014

PENGAJARAN DAN
PEMBELAJARAN
ABAD KE 21
DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
MOKHZANI FADIR
SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS (MENENGAH)
PPD LIPIS
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THE WORLD HAS CHANGED

We have moved into a
more demanding cognitive
age, compelling people to
become better at
absorbing, processing and
combining information.

Can we learn to
change with it?

Who might our kindergarten children

be working with on an on-the-job
project in 2025?
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GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF

THIS GENERATION
Because of globalizationthe ongoing process of
intensifying economic, social, and cultural
exchanges across the planetyoung people the
world over need more innovative thinking skills,
cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,
and sophisticated communication and
collaboration skills than ever before.

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A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES

THINKING SKILLS MORE IMPORTANT
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1900
Low skill jobs

1950

2000

Knowledge work jobs

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills

http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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21 ST CENTURY WORLD
The Future World of Work
Creative Work

Research
Development
Design
Marketing/Sales
Global Supply Chain
Management

Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills

http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120

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Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)

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7 survival skills in the 21st century;

1.Critical thinking and problem solving;

2.Collaboration across networks and
leading by influence;
3.Agility and adaptability;
4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;
5.Effective oral and written
communication;
6.Accessing and analyzing information;
and
7. Curiosity and imagination.
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KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM

Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiran
abad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan
dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada
peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaan
bermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,
berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,
bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran

berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan

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KURIKULUM

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Pembelajaran abad ke-20

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Pembelajaran abad ke-21

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Dipimpin guru
Arahan langsung
Pengetahuan
Kandungan
Kemahiran asas
Teori
Kurikulum
Individu
Bilik darjah
Pentaksiran sumatif
Belajar untuk sekolah

Berasaskan murid
Pembelajaran kolaboratif
Kemahiran
Proses
Pemikiran Aras Tinggi
Praktikal
Kemahiran hidup
Berkumpulan
Komuniti
Pentaksiran formatif
Belajar untuk kehidupan

Keseimbangan
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sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikan

dengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yang
autentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar,
melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikan
masalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yang
penting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikan
yang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuan
dan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang sama
membolehkan
murid
berfikir,
menaakul,
membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai
ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan dan
perkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentas
kurikulum.
The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)
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Standard kemahiran

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Kreativiti & Inovasi

Pemikiran Kritis dan
Penyelesaian Masalah
Komunikasi & Kolaborasi

Kemahiran
hidup &
kerjaya
Kebolehsuaian &
fleksibel
Mempunyai inisiatif dan
terarah kendiri
Kemahiran sosial dan
antara budaya
Produktiviti &
akauntabiliti
Tanggungjawab dan
kepimpinan

Kemahiran belajar &

Inovasi

Mata pelajaran teras

dan tema Abad ke-21

Kurikulum
Standard &
Pentaksiran

Pembangunan Profesional

Literasi Maklumat
Literasi Media
Literasi Teknologi
Maklumat & Komunikasi)
Kemahiran
Teknologi
Maklumat,
Komunikasi &
Media

Menggunakan teknologi
untuk mengakses,
mengurus, mengintegrasi
dan menilai maklumat,
menjana maklumat baru
dan berkomunikasi
dengan orang lain

Persekitaran Pembelajaran

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Kandungan bagi Abad ke-21

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Kurikulum Teras + Tema

Kesedaran global
Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan
keusahawanan
Literasi sivik
Kesedaran Alam Sekitar
Kesedaran tentang
aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan

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Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21

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Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi

Literasi maklumat & media
Kemahiran berkomunikasi
Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah
Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem
Penyelesaian Masalah
Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka
Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri
Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi
Arah Kendiri
Akauntabiliti & adaptasi
Tanggungjawab Sosial
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Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan

Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang
dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:

Kebolehan berkomunikasi
Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah
Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan
Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah
Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan
Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik
Kebolehan mengurus kendiri
Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik
Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat
Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )

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Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut

kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah
yang penting pada masa kini bagi
membantu pelajar untuk masa depan
mereka.

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CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN

Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait

Berkemahiran
Kritikal

Menyoal

Tidak berputus asa

Kreatif

mampu mencorak
Membuat inisiatif
Berkeperibadian tinggi

Berdikari

Berani Mencuba

Menguasai kemahiran literasi

Fleksibel

Yakin mengambil risiko

Dahagakan ilmu
Ingin tahu

Bijak berkomunikasi

Menjana idea

Mendengar dan membuat refleksi

Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain

Mampu berfikir sendiri

Semangat sentiasa boleh

berintegriti

Belajar dari kesilapan

Membuat perubahan

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RUANG
BILIK DARJAH
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Nair and Fielding,

the early 20th century school design
standard (was) modeled after Henry Fords
factory production methods. Model T.

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It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption

that a predetermined number of students will all
learn the same thing at the same time from the
same person in the same way in the same place
for several hours each day.

(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns

for 21st Century Schools

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To align
physical;
learning space
with mental
learning space

Developing
learning
autonomy

21st
century
classroom
setting

Students
actively
engaged with
their own
learning

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DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM

Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom
Allow every one to be seen and heads
Take advantage of new media
Support the dynamic presentation of information
Design for mentoring and apprenticeship

Design for temporary ownership of space

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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Campfire

Watering hole

Cave

Learning prom
peers

Places to learn
from yourself

For small group

discourse and
collaboration

For individual study,

refelction, quiet
reading and creative
flow

A way to learn
from experts or
storytellers

Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21 st century

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PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS

Campfire

A way to
learn from
experts or
storytellers

Watering
hole

Cave

Learning
prom peers

Places to
learn from
yourself

For small
group
discourse
and
collaboration

For individual
study,
refelction,
quiet reading
and creative
flow

Life
Where you
bring it all
together and
apply is as in
the real
world

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
1) Student-centric:
- students play an active role in their learning
and teachers serve as mere guides.
- Put students interests first and are focused
on each students needs, abilities and learning
styles.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
2 ) Computing devices:
- Computers are readily available in modern
classrooms, since they are essential tools for
21st century students and replace the utilities
of pen and paper.
- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching
and learning and make them more engaging
and effective.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
3) Active learning:
In modern classrooms, students are actively
engaged in what they learn. Students
participate in more active learning by working
in groups or on computers and complete
projects and other interesting activities that
help them discover new skills.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
4) Adaptive learning:
Any classroom will always have students of
different types of learning abilities in it which
often makes it difficult for teachers to make
sure that all of them understand the concepts.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
5) Invitational environment:
The classrooms should not be cramped or
overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have
the basic material required for teaching such
as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
6) Students understand and follow the rules
and procedures:
The learning environment is carefully planned
and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,
and notices of upcoming activities are posted
in convenient places to help students stay on
track.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
7 ) Mutual respect:
- Teachers and students should always have
respect for each other.
- teachers should encourage students to speak
with confidence and value their opinions
- students should also co-operate with and
respect their classmates.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
8) Students take responsibility of their
learning: As students are encouraged to
actively participate in their own learning, they
become responsible for their learning

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
9) Performance-based assessments:
Regular performance-based assessments are
carried out by teachers through various
methods which are not restricted to tests.

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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
10) Collaborative learning:
Learning through collaboration is one of the
most effective forms of learning.

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CAMPFIRE
CAVE
WATERING HOLE

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GURU

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From primary role as a dispenser of

information to orchestrator of learning
and helping students turn information into
knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.
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