DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NITK SURATHKAL SRINIVASNAGAR

ME350 HEAT TRANSFER
ASSIGNMENT 1

submission date: 13/02/2015

1) Consider a steam pipe of length L =20 m, inner radius r1= 6 cm, outer radius r2 = 8 cm,
and thermal conductivity k= 20 W/m-C. The inner and outer surfaces of the pipe are
maintained at average temperatures of T1 = 150C and T2 = 60C, respectively. Obtain a
general relation for the temperature distribution inside the pipe under steady conditions,
and determine the rate of heat loss from the steam through the pipe.
2)

Consider a spherical container of inner radius r1= 8 cm, outer radius r2 =10 cm, and
thermal conductivity k = 45 W/m-C. The inner and outer surfaces of the container are
maintained at constant temperatures of T1 = 200C and T2 = 80C, respectively, as a
result of some chemical reactions occurring inside. Obtain a general relation for the
temperature distribution inside the shell under steady conditions, and determine the rate
of heat loss from the container.

3) An exterior wall of a house may be approximated by a 4-in layer of common brick [k

=0.7 W/m-C] followed by a 1.5-in layer of gypsum plaster [k =0.48 W/m-C]. What
thickness of loosely packed rock-wool insulation [k =0.065 W/m-C] should be added to
reduce the heat loss (or gain) through the wall by 80 percent?
4) A pipe carrying steam at 230C has an internal diameter of 12 cm and the pipe thickness
is 7.5 mm. The conductivity of the pipe material is 49 W/mK the convective heat transfer
coefficient on the inside is 85 W/m2K. The pipe is insulated by two layers of insulation
one of 5 cm thickness of conductivity 0.15 W/mK and over it another 5 cm thickness of
conductivity 0.48 W/mK. The outside is exposed to air at 35C with a convection
coefficient of 18 W/m2K. Determine the heat loss for 5 m length. Also determine the
interface temperatures and the overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside and
outside areas.
5) A composite cylinder is made of 6 mm thick layers each of two materials of thermal
conductivities of 30 W/mC and 45 W/mC. The inside is exposed to a fluid at 500C

with a convection coefficient of 40 W/m2 C and the outside is exposed to air at 35C
with a convection coefficient of 25 W/m2K. There is a contact resistance of 1 10-3 m2
C/W between the layers. Determine the heat loss for a length of 2 m and the surface
temperatures. Inside diameter= 20 mm.
6) A truncated cone like solid has its circumferential surface insulated. The base is at 300C
and the area along the flow direction at x is given by A = 1.3 (1 1.5x). Where x is
measured from the base in the direction of flow in m and A is in m2. If the thermal
conductivity is 2.6 W/mK and the plane at x = 0.2 m is maintained at 100C, determine
the heat flow and also the temperature at x = 0.1 m. Calculate the temperature gradients at
the three sections.
7) It is desired to increase the heat dissipated over the surface of an electronic device of
spherical shape of 5 mm radius exposed to convection with h = 10 W/m2K by encasing it
in a transparent spherical sheath of conductivity 0.04 W/mK. Determine the diameter of
the sheath for maximum heat flow. For a temperature drop of 120C from device surface
determine the heat flow for bare and sheathed device.
8) Two slabs are placed in contact, but due to roughness, only 40% of area is in contact and
the gap in the remaining area is 0.02 mm thick and is filled with air. The slabs are 10 m
thick each and their conductivities are 15.5 W/mK and 200 W/mK. The temperature of
the face of the hot surface is at 250C and the outside surface of the other slab is at 35C.
Determine the heat flow and the contact resistance. The conductivity of air is 0.0321
W/mK.
9) The inside of a furnace wall is at 1000C and with the existing wall of material with
thermal conductivity of 1.7 W/mK looses 2.5 kW/m2 when the outside is exposed to
convection to air at 30C with h = 27 W/m2K. Determine the wall thickness. Additionally
75 mm thickness of insulation with k = 0.15 W/mK is added on the inside. The furnace
wall temperature and the surrounding temperature and convection coefficient remain
unchanged. Determine the reduction in heat flow and reduction in the outside surface
temperature. Also find the overall heat transfer coefficient and the temperature gradient
in each layer.

10) A composite slab is made of 75 mm thick layer of material with thermal conductivity
0.15 W/mK and 0.597 m thick layer of material of thermal conductivity 1.7 W/mK. The
inner surface is maintained at 1000C while the outer surface was exposed to convection
to air at 30C with convection coefficient of 27 W/m2K. The heat flow was measured as
1080 W as against the calculated value of 1.092 kW. It is presumed that this may be due
to contact resistance. Determine the contact resistance and the temperature drop at the
interface.
11) A composite slab is made of three layers 15 cm, 10 cm and 12 cm thickness. The first
layer is of material with thermal conductivity 1.45 for 60% of the area and the rest is of
material with conductivity of 2.5 W/mK. The second layer is made of material with
conductivity of 12.5 W/mK for 50% area and of material with conductivity 18.5 W/mK is
used for the other 50%. The third layer is of single material of thermal conductivity 0.76
W/mK. The slab is exposed on one side to warm air at 26C and to cold air at 20C on
the other side. The convection coefficients are 15 and 20 W/m2K.
12) A composite cylinder consists of 10 cm radius steel pipe of 25 mm thickness over which
two layers of insulation 30 mm and 35 mm are laid. The conductivities are 25 W/mK,
0.25 W/mK and 0.65 W/mK. The inside is exposed to convection at 300C with h = 65
W/m2K. The outside is exposed to air at 30C with h = 15 W/m2K. Determine the heat
loss/m. Also find the interface temperatures.
13) Heat is generated in a slab of 120 mm thickness with a conductivity of 200 W/mK at a
rate of 106 W/m3. Determine the temperature at the mid and quarter planes if the surfaces
of the solid on both sides are exposed to convection at 30C with a convection coefficient
of 500 W/m2K. Also find the heat flow rate at these planes and the temperature gradients
at these planes.
14) Determine the heat flow for (i) rectangular fins and (ii) triangular fin of 20 mm length
and 3 mm base thickness. Thermal conductivity = 45 W/mK. Convection coefficient =
100 W/m2K, base temperature = 120C surrounding fluid temperature = 35C .Determine
also the fin effectiveness.
15) Steam in a heating system flows through tubes whose outer diameter is D1 =3 cm and
whose walls are maintained at a temperature of 120C. Circular aluminum fins (k =180

W/m-C) of outer diameter D2 = 6 cm and constant thickness t = 2 mm are attached to the

tube. The space between the fins is 3 mm, as shown in Figure 1 and thus there are 200
fins per meter length of the tube. Heat is transferred to the surrounding air at 25C, with a
combined heat transfer coefficient of h =60 W/m2-C. Determine the increase in heat
transfer from the tube per meter of its length as a result of adding fins.

Figure 1: Circular fins

16) A circuit board houses electronic components on one side, dissipating a total of 15 W
through the backside of the board to the surrounding medium. The temperatures on the
two sides of the circuit board are to be determined for the cases of no fins and 20 copper
fins of rectangular profile on the backside.
17) The engine cylinder of a motorcycle is constructed of 2024-T6 aluminum alloy and is of
height H = 0.15 m and outside diameter D = 50 mm. Under typical operating conditions
the outer surface of the cylinder is at a temperature of 500 K and is exposed to ambient
air at 300 K, with a convection coefficient of 50 W/m2 -K. Annular fins are integrally cast
with the cylinder to increase heat transfer to the surroundings. Consider five such fins,
which are of thickness t=6 mm, length L=20 mm, and equally spaced. What is the
increase in heat transfer due to use of the fins?
18) Derive an expression for temperature distribution and heat flow for a cylinder (i) whose
thermal conductivity varies with temperature according to the relation k=k0(1+T) (ii)
with internal heat generation

19) Derive an expression for temperature distribution and heat flow for a sphere (i) whose
thermal conductivity varies with temperature according to the relation k=k0(1+T) (ii)
with internal heat generation
20) It is desired to increase the heat dissipation over the surface of an electronic device of
spherical shape of 5mm radius exposed to convection with h=10 W/m2K by encasing it in
a transparent spherical sheath of K=0.04 W/mK. Determine the diameter of the sheath for
maximum heat flow. For a temperature drop of 120C from the device, determine the
heat flow for bare and sheathed device.