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IMPORTANT COMPUTER ABBREVIATIONS

AND TERMINOLOGIES FOR BANKING
EXAMS

By Study4success
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COMPUTER ABBREVIATIONS

AI: Artificial Intelligence

ALGOL: Algorithmic Language
ALU : Arithmetic Logic Language
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information and Interchange
ATDM L : Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing
BASIC: Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCC: Blind Carbon Copy
BINAC: Binary Automatic Computer
Bin: Binary
BIOS: Basic Input Output System
Bit: Binary Digit
CAD: Computer Aided Design
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
CC: Carbon Copy
CD: Compact Disc
CRT: Cathode Ray Tube
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
CDR: Compact Disc Recordable
CDROM: Compact Disc Read Only Memory
CDRW: Compact Disc Rewritable
CDR/W: Compact Disk Read/Write
COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
CPU: Central Processing Unit
DBA: Data Base Administrator
DBMS: Data Base Management System
DOS : Disk Operating System
DMA : Direct Memory Access
DVD: Digital Video Disc/Digital Versatile Disc
DVDR: DVD Recordable
DVDROM: DVD Read Only Memory
DVDRW: DVD Rewritable
DVR: Digital Video Recorder
DNS: Domain Name System
DOS: Disk Operating System
DPI: Dots per Inch
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
E-Commerce: Electronic Commerce
EDP: Electronic Data Processing
EEPROM: Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

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E-Mail: Electronic Mail

ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
EOF: End Of File
EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EXE: Executable
FAX: Far Away Xerox/ facsimile
FDC: Floppy Disk Controller
FDD: Floppy Disk Drive
FDMA : Frequency Division Multiplexing Access
FLOPS: Floating Operations per Second
FORTRAN: Formula Translation
FS: File System
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
GB: Gigabit
GB: Gigabyte
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication
GUI : Graphical User Interface
HDD: Hard Disk Drive
HDTV : High Definition Television
HTML: Hyper Text Mark-up Language
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HLL: High Level Language
IC: Integrated Circuit
IM: Instant Message
IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol
ISP: Internet Service Provider
INSP : Inter Name Server Protocol
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
Kb: Kilobit
KB: Kilobyte
KHz: Kilohertz
Kbps: Kilobit Per Second
LAN: Local Area Network
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
LDU: Liquid Display Unit
LED: Light Emitting Diode
LIS: Large Scale Integration
LISP: List Processing
LPI: Lines per Inch
LLL: Low Level Language
MAN: Metropolitan Area Network
MAP : Mobile Application Port
MAPI: Mail Application Programming Interface
Mb: Megabit
MB: Megabyte
Mbps : Mega bits per second

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MCB : Memory Control Block

MCR : Magnetic Card Reader
MMS: Multimedia Message Service
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character reader
MIDI : Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MIPS: Million Instructions per Second
MOPS: Millions of Operations per Second
MPU: Micro Processor Unit
MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group
NIC: Network Interface Card
NETBIOS : Network Adapter Basic Input Output System
NFAR : Network File Access Routine
NOS: Network Operating System
NSP : Network Services Protocol
NVRAM: Non- Volatile Random Access Memory
OAIS : Open Archival Information System
OLTP : Online Transaction Processing
OMR: Optical Mark Reader
OMAP : Open Multimedia Application Platform
OOP: Object Oriented Programming
OSS: Open Source Software
PAP : Password Authentication Protocol
PC: Personal Computer
PCM : Pulse Code Modulation
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
PDN : Public Data Network
PDP : Packet Data Protocol
PDF: Portable Document Format
PING: Packet Internet Gopher
POS: Point Of Sale
POST: Power on Self Test
PNG: Portable Network Graphics
PPM: Pages per Minute
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol
PIN : Personal Identification Number
PRISM : Parallel Reduced Instruction Set Multiprocessing
PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory
PSDN : Packet-Switched Data Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
RAM: Random Access Memory
RARP : Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RDBMS: Relational Data Base Management System
RIP: Routing Information Protocol
RTF: Rich Text Format
RTCP : Real Time Control Protocol

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SDRAM : Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

SGML : Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIM: Subscriber Identification Module
SLIP : Serial Line Internet Protocol
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNA : Sub Network Access Protocol
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
SQL: Structured Query Language
SRAM: Synchronous Random Access Memory
SSML : Security Service Markup Language
STP : Spanning Tree Protocol
SWAP : Superior Wireless Application
TB: Tera Bytes
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
UDMA : Ultra Direct Memory Access
UIML : User Interface Markup Language
ULSI: Ultra Large Scale Integration
UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer
UPS: Uninterrupted Power Supply
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier
USB: Universal Serial Bus
VAR: Variable
VDU: Visual Display Unit
VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol
VGA: Video Graphics Array
VLSI: Very Large Scale Integrated
VRAM : Volatile Random Access Memory
VRML : Virtual Reality Modelling Language
VSAM : Virtual Storage Access Method
Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access
WWW: World Wide Web
WAN: Wide Area Network
WCCP : Web Cache Control Protocol
WORM: Write Once Read Many
WML : Wireless Markup Language
WSDL : Web Services Description Language
XHTML: eXtensible Hyper text Markup Language
XML: eXtensible Markup language
ZB: Zeta Byte
ZIP : Zone Information Protocol

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COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
Active Server Pages (ASP): A standard for scripting server side web pages.
Active Cell: The cell in MS Excel with dark boundary is called the active cell.
Analog: Describing a system particularly an electronic device that uses a continuous
physical quantity to represent information.
API (Application Programming Interface): It is a set of tools for building software
applications. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the
building blocks .A programmes then put the building blocks together
Back-up File: A copy of all the files created as a safety precaution in case any harm
occurs to the original.
BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code): An easy to use
High Level language which is now replaced by improved version of Microsoft Visual
Basic.
Blind Carbon Copy (BCC): In e-mail, a copy of message that is sent to one or more
persons without the knowledge of other recipients.
Bit: Basic unit of computer which has two values 0 and 1.
Byte: One byte is a collection of 8 bits.
Basic Input /Output System (BIOS): It handles the start up operations and lowlevel control for hardware .Also known as ROM BIOS.
Boot Loader: It reads the main portion of the operating system form secondary
memory.
Boot: An initiating automatic routine that is read into RAM when a computer is first
turned on. This provides the necessary environment for subsequent loading of all or
part of the operating system, software application etc. It prepares the computer for
use. The process of starting a computer is called boot and restarting is called warm
boot.

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Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP): It a computer networking protocol that which is used
by a client to obtain an IP address form a server. It is used to establish a connection
during a computers initial boot up during the Bootstrap process.
Bandwidth: It tells about the data transmission rate of a network or internet
connection. Bandwidth is used to calculate the amount of time that is required to
send a data over a specific connection.
Bus: A bus is a communication system that allows the data to be passed back and
forth inside a computer or between the computers.
Bug: An error in a software program is called a bug.
Cache: A cache is a temporary storage area where frequently accessed data can
be stored for rapid access. It acts as a buffer between CPU and memory.
Clock speed: A rate at which a processor can complete a processing cycle is called
clock speed.
.Com: .Com (Commercial) is a top level domain name used by businesses, although
individual register.
CGI (Common Gateway Interface): A standard method used to generate dynamic
content on web pages and web applications.
Cookie: Cookie is user data that is stored in a user's browser to notify the
application server of the user's previous activity regarding that application
Copyright: It means the material and information are the personal property of the
owner or producer.
Counter feiting: It is the process of making and distributing illegal copies of software
packages.
DBMS: It stands for Data Base Management System. It is a software package to
manage database.
Data processing: It is process to get meaningful information from data.
DHTML (Dynamic Hper Text Markup Language): It is used to create dynamic
content on web pages.

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Digital Signature: It is a cryptographic scheme to preserve the originality of digital
documents
Dots per inch (depi): It measures the resolution that states the number of dots that
the device can print, scan or display in a linear inch.
DNS (Domain Name System): Is a system that distributes unique name to internet
resources that identifies those resources across internet network
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): It is management software used in
enterprises to collect, store and manage their resources
Ethernet: It is the most popular type of LAN, in which communication through radio
frequency signals is carried by a co-axial cable.
Ethernet Card: A network adapter that enables a computer to connect to an
Ethernet.
Ethics: Ethics are rules and belief.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A client/ server protocol for exchanging files with a
host computer.
FAX: Facsimile- used to send printed pages between two locations using the
telephone line.
Firewall: They provide some protection form online intrusion but they dont protect
against some unpatched vulnerabilities in the application packages.
File: A file is a collection of related records.
.GOV: It is a government domain name denoting government office or agency.
.GIF (Graphic Interchange Format): It is a file extension which is used on the
internet to encode and exchange graphics.
GUI (Graphical User Interface): A computer program that enables a person to
communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors and
pointing devices.
Gateway: Gateway is server that routes between different networks

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Google: Google is a search engine.
Hyperlink: A highlighted word in a text or picture in a document or web page which
can be used to go to another page by clicking it with a mouse.
Hard Disk: A hard disk is a secondary memory which can store anywhere from
10MBs to several GBs.
Hub: Hub connects multiple ethernet devices together into a single network
Hacker: A hacker is a person who breaks into a computer system to get access the
information stored there.
HTML: HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is a markup language used to create
web pages.
HTTP: Hyper text transfer protocol is used often to transfer information form WWW
servers to browsers.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Protocol to send error messages.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Protocol for email access and
management.
IP (Internet Protocol): It is a standard that describes that how an internet connected
computer break down data into packets for transmission across the network and how
these packets should be addressed so that they arrive at their destination.
IP Address: It is a 32- bit binary number that uniquely identifies the location of a
particular user on the internet.
Internet Service Provider (ISP): An organization that provides the services of
Internet to the Subscriber based customers.
Intranet: It is a private network that is contained with an enterprise.
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group is a graphics format that is ideal for
complex pictures /graphics.
Kb: Kilobit
LAN: A LAN (Local Area Network) connects network devices over a relatively short
distance.

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LCD: Liquid Crystal Display. It Used in Laptop computers small battery power
electronic devices.
LED: Light Emitting Diode. A small electronic device made from semiconductor
materials.
LINUX: It is a UNIX like Operating System with graphical user interface
Mainframe: Mainframe is a very large in size and an expensive computer capable of
supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. Mainframe
executes many programs concurrently. Mainframes support many simultaneous
programs execution
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension. It specifies that how the multimedia files
can be transferred through the E-mail programs and web browsers.
MIPS: Million Instructions Per Second. It is a method of measuring the rate at which
the computer executes microprocessor instructions.
MODEM: A modem is the device needed to translate between the analog phone line
and the digital computer. Its function is modulated /demodulates the digital signal.
MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is a standard communication protocol
for the exchange of information between computers and musical synthesisers.
Malware: Malware is software which is designed specifically to damage a computer
system.
Morphing: It is used in computer animation in which an image change smoothly
from one image to another.
M-Commerce: It is used for the commercial transactions that are done by Mobile
Phones.
Mozilla: Mozilla is a web browser
Multitasking: Multitasking is the method with multiple tasks processes sharing
common processing resources such as CPU
MAC OS: It is an Operating System used in Macintosh Computer developed by
Apple.
NIBBLE: A group of 4-bits.

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Network: A group of two or more computers that are linked together.
NIC (Network Interface Card): It is a computer component which is used to
connect a computer to a computer network.
ODBC: Open Database Connectivity. It is a standard that enables applications to
communicate with variety of database applications.
OOP: Object Oriented Programming
OS: Operating system provides an interface between the human user and the
computer hardware
PDF: Portable Document Format. It is file extension created by Adobe systems.
POP3: Post Office Protocol. An internet e-mail standard that specifies how an
internet connected communicates as mail handling agent.
POST: Power on Self-Test. It is internal testing which is performed when the
computer is started or reset.
Piracy: It is the legal reproduction and distribution of software application
Primary Key: It is a field with unique value for each record
Primary Memory: It temporarily/permanently holds the data received form
input/output device. It holds the data being processed and intermediate results being
generated.
Port: a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to
the computer.
PPP: Point to Point Protocol.
Protocol: It is set of riled or standards designed so that computers can exchange
information with a minimum error
Peripherals: A device that connects to and works with the computer eg Mouse,
Keyboard.
Password: A sequence of characters which is used to check the authenticity of the
user.

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Query: It is used to extract information from a database.
RAM: A RAM constitutes the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program
and program result. It is read/write memory. It is called random access memory
(RAM).
RDBMS: Relational Database Management System. A database management
system that is based on the relational model.
Record: It is the collection of the related fields.
ROM (Read only memory): The data store in this cannot be changes and its a nonvolatile memory.
Secondary Memory: used to store data and information permanently .Data is stored
permanently even if power is switched off.
Software: It is set of programs that guides the hardware through its job
System Software: System software refers to all the programs, which make the
computer work and is based on controlling the internal computer operations.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): An internet Protocol that governs the
transmission of e-mail over computer networks.
Scanner: Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It
is used when some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to
the hard disc of the computer for further manipulation.
Spoof: It is to deceive or to fake, especially with the intension of gaining
unauthorised access to computer resources.
Spam: An irrelevant and unsolicited message sent over the internet.
SPOOL: Simultaneous peripheral Operations on Line
Search Engine: It is program which is used to search a document with a specific
keyword when use will enter its keyword it returns a list of matching documents.
Sorting: It is arranging of data in order
Trash: A folder in the e-mail which kept all the deleted mails.

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Tag: It is a part of HTML .It determines the way, the browser display text in web
page.
Topology: A network topology is the physical layout of the networks in which all the
devices are connected among themselves.
Telnet: Telnet is network protocol with the help of which a user one computer can
log into another computer that is the part of the same network.
Trojan horse: A programme that appears to perform a valid function but has some
hidden instructions in its code that can cause server damage to the system on which
the programme runs.
UPS: Uninterruptable Power Supply. A battery system that can supply continuous
power to a computer in the event of a power failure for some times.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator. It is the unique address for a file that is accessible
over the internet.
USB: Universal Serial Bus enables the communication between the computer and
the peripheral devices
UNIX: It is a powerful multiuser operating system. It uses command text in Web
Page.
VAN (Value Added Network): A public data network that provides value added
services for corporate customers including end-to-end dedicated lines with
guaranteed security.
Virus: A virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer. A
virus can spread from one computer to another computer when its host is taken to
the target computer.
W3 (WORLD WIDE WEB): It is a system of interlinked hypertext documents
accused via internet.
WAN (Wide area Network): A WAN is a geographically dispersed collection of
LANs.
WORM (Write Once Read many): It is a storage device to store data in which once
the information is written it cannot be erased or modified.

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Web Browser: It is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing
information resources on the World Wide Web
Wi-Fi: It stands for Wireless- fidelity. It is used by the most personal computer
operating systems, many video game consoles, laptops, printers and other
peripherals.
XML: Extensible Markup Language.
.ZIP: Compressed File (File name Extension.)

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