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the
difference
between
translation
Newmark
methods
and
(1988b)
translation
Wrong translation procedure may result in awkward translation even the product
does not have any sense at all. Some procedures are suitable to apply at certain
sentence, but not all are fit for any sentence. It is important to investigate what
translation procedures applied by the students so that their characteristic can be
identified as a tool to design more effective translation teaching-learning
process.
B. Identification of the Problem
Probem dealing with translation as mentioned by Dr. Miremadi (1991), translation
problems are divided into two main categories: lexical problems and syntactic
problems.
1. Lexical Problems
In the interpretation of lexical problems, Miremadi states that, although words
are entities that refer to objects or concepts, a word in one language may not be
substituted with a word in another language when referring to the same
concepts or objects.
d. Semantic voids
This subcategory includes those words and/or expressions that represent
concepts that cannot be found in other special communities. The close
equivalents may be found, although the exact equivalent cannot.
According to Dr. Miremadi (1991), this may happen in two cases, subjects to
extra-linguistic factors such as those words that have referents in a certain
speech community but not in others, and subject to intra-linguistic factors such
as those concepts that may exist in two language communities but the structure
of their use may be completely different, Dagut (1931) believes, as Dr. Miremadi
(1991) mentioned, that this case occurs when the systems of lexicalization of
shared expressions are different from each other.
e. Proper names
The last but not the least sub-category in this group is the problem of proper
names. Although proper names refer to individuals and can be transcribed from
one language into another, sometimes the specific meaning that they carry,
which do not exist in the target speech community, may be lost (e.g. Asghar Rize
in Persian).
2. Syntactic problems
Syntactic problems are the other main category of translation problems; as Dr.
Miremadi (1991) quoted Nida (1975), one can find no two languages that have
the exact identical systems of structural organizations (i.e. language structure
varies from one language to another). These differences include:
a. Word classes
Languages differ from each other in the internal word formation of language
classification.
b.
Grammatical relations
G. Theorical Review
The characteristics of sentence and units of translation in English text are
different to Indonesian so that understanding of this concept is necessary to use
appropriate procedure.
The following are the different translation procedures that Newmark
(1988b) proposes:
1.
It
equivalent, by
demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components."
(Newmark, 1988b:114)
6. Synonymy: it is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps
(Newmark, 1988b:84)
accuracy.
In addition, there are eight stretegies proposed by Mona Baker (1992: 26-42:
1.
language, the paraphrase strategy may be used instead of using related words; it
References
URL: http://translationjournal.net/journal/63theory.htm. Last updated on:
12/19/2012 02:54:39
URL: http://translationjournal.net/journal/41culture.htm. Last updated on:
12/20/2010 13:13:42
http://www.jofamericanscience.org. .Journal of American Science 2013;9(2).
Translation Strategies Used by Students of Translation, TEFL and Literature:
A Study of English-Persian Renderings of Argumentative Texts