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4 Essential Qualities Of Electrical Protection

4 Essential Qualities Of Electrical Protection (on photo protection relat panel by powersystemsmasters.com)

Fundamental Protection Requirements

In generating stations, all electrical circuits and machines are subject to faults. A fault is generally caused by the
breakdown of insulation between a conductor and ground or between conductors due to a variety of reasons. The
result is a flow of excess current through a relatively low resistance resulting in severe damage unless cleared
quickly.
Lets see the four main building blocks that are used to meet fundamental requirements of electrical
protection:

1. Speed
When electrical faults or short circuits occur, the damage produced is largely dependent upon the time the fault
persists. Therefore, it is desirable that electrical faults be interrupted as quickly as possible.
Since 1965, great strides have been made in this area. High-speed fault detecting relays can now operate in
as little time as 10 milliseconds and output relaying in 2 milliseconds. The use of protection zones minimizes the
requirement for time-delayed relaying.

2. Reliability

The protective system must function whenever it is called upon to operate , since the consequences of nonoperation can be very severe. This is accomplished by duplicate A and B protections and duplicate power
supplies.

Examples of protection relays Micom, Ref and Siprotec

3. Security
Protections must isolate only the faulted equipment, with no over-tripping of unaffected equipment. This is
accomplished by the use of over-lapping protection zones.

4. Sensitivity
The protection must be able to distinguish between healthy and fault conditions , i.e., to detect, operate and
initiate tripping before a fault reaches a dangerous condition.

On the other hand, the protection must not be too sensitive and operate unnecessarily.

Some loads take large inrush starting currents, which must be accommodated to prevent unnecessary tripping
while still tripping for fault conditions. The ability of relaying to fulfil the sensitivity requirement is improved through
the use of protection zones.

Introduction to Protection and Control (WEBINAR)

This ABBs webinar will define power system protective relaying and its purpose. A general overview of key
concepts, protective relay classifications, operating principals, operating reliability and relaying philosophy will be
presented.
Also provided is a brief review of terminology, ANSI C37.2 device function numbers and IEC 61850 logical nodes
(device function models).
Cant see this video? Click here to watch it on Youtube.
Reference: Science and Reactor Fundamentals Electrical CNSC Technical Training Group

About Author //
Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP. Highly specialized for
design of LV high power busbar trunking (<6300A) in power substations, buildings and
industry fascilities. Designing of LV/MV switchgears. Professional in AutoCAD
programming and web-design. Present on Google+

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