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CONFERENCE
DIRHAM CURRENCY IN POINT OF SALES SYSTEM
Dziauddin Sharif
dziau646@melaka.uitm.edu.my
hafifi.supir@mmu.edu.my
zaki.masud@utem.edu.my
zaki.bitc@gmail.com
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this research is to develop a Dirham Point of Sales System that
incorporates dirham currency in the coexisting Ringgit currency system using RFID technology.
Design/methodology/approach A study is done on the several existing point of sales systems
to gather data. The data is then analysed in the form of data requirement, system requirement,
functional requirement and non-functional requirement. Based on these requirements, the system
is designed and developed.
Findings Early findings shows that the system can give benefits the users by providing more
sustainable and less fluctuating value in the currency because of the use of dirham (silver). This
system also can help to solve the inflation and depreciation of the Ringgit value over time.
Originality/value This research intends to fill a gap whereby there is still no point of sales
system that incorporate dirham currency value that coexisting with the Ringgit currency in the
market in Malaysia.
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Keywords
Dirham, point of sales, RFID, exchange, conversion
Paper type Research paper
INTRODUCTION
Gold and silver have been used since the beginning of Islam and have been the most stable
currency that the world has ever seen. The bimetallic currency cannot be inflated and devalued,
thus making it independent from the financial system the world is currently used. The use of
dirham will surely cause zero inflation rates and create a balance economical environment. Based
on this reason, this project proposes the use of dirham currency card in a point of sale system.
The domain of this system is a Point of Sale (POS) and dirham conversion. POS is the physical
location at which goods are sold to customers or cashier counter whereby both hardware and
software will be used in an electronic cash register. By introducing an alternative currency
named dirham virtually in form of a RFID card, customers can benefits the stability of the silver
value. The RFID will be used as the human-machine interaction because of the efficiency and
well-known technology that can be used widely nowadays. RFID is a data collection technology
that uses electronic tags for storing data. All users will have a RFID card that works just like
debit card but the value inside the card are in dirham and Ringgit.
All information is stored in the database and will be displayed as the card is swapped at the card
reader. The card is used as mean of transaction in supermarkets. The card will be bought by the
customers with initial dirham value and the value can be added by the customer from time to
time. All products are using RFID tags as well to enable identification and information storage
such as price, product name, expired date, etc. The objectives of this project are to develop a
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Problem Statement
The instability in price has become a very serious problem as the price of necessity goods in
market seems to extremely fluctuate from time to time. Wild fluctuations in price could create
catastrophic consequences for the economy. This event may lead into financial distress for
people, thereby bringing about numerous socio-economic problems such as unemployment,
poverty, increasing disparity in income distribution and so forth. Previous researches had shown
that the coinage system such as the gold dinar and silver dirham can make the whole economic
system sustainable rather than fiat money system. Therefore, this research will aim to develop an
alternative currency system using dirham and to enable the use of dirham currency in the real
transaction.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Why Dinar and Dirham?
Meera (2004) frequently emphasized on how these precious metals could play an important and
significant role in stabilizing economic disasters such as inflation and recession. These
commodity monies could be able to sustain from the economic disaster because it has its own
intrinsic value and could stop money to become cheaper as what fiat money system has been
producing in banking sector (Abdul Hamid, 2002). Dinar and dirham which is gold and silver
originated could realistically replace existing currency and leads to be able to become a single
global currency (Bonpasse, 2007). Besides, these commodities monies has their own
characteristics which enabling them to eradicate or minimize the negative effects and impacts of
modern monetary system (Freeman, 2003).
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The idea of comparison of gold and silver performance with available currency
In addition to highlighting repeated failures of previous fiat currency systems, Muhayiddin, M-N
and Elsadig M.A.(2009) takes a different approach of revealing the fine performance of gold i.e.
as far as its purchasing power is concerned. They calculate the price of a few inflationary items
in terms of Ringgit Malaysia (RM), as well as their corresponding prices in terms of gold (or
silver). Having convinced with a fine performance of gold in terms of its purchasing power, it is
therefore the aim of their research to solve the problem of portability inherited in gold. If gold
were to be adopted successfully as a payment system, the issue of portability should be correctly
addressed or else the masses would not be encouraged to use it. Specifically, they propose the
use of physical constraints associated with the two precious metals can also be solved through
the proposed e-commerce system.
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PROJECT METHODS
Project Design
In order to ensure a proper system design that imitate the existing transaction methods in the
market, a suitable methods is used to gather accurate data for this project. The data is then
analysed and the requirement of the project is identified and thus the system design will
considered all the requirement analysis into account.
Requirement Analysis
This section will explain the requirement analysis in terms of functional requirement, software
requirement, and hardware requirement. The activities in analysis phase are mainly to gather and
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Data Requirement
Data requirement is the data that should the system stored. In this proposed system, the system
will be used by only authorized user. This system requires an administrator who has a username
and password in order to login into system. The data of the system will be stored in database
which is Microsoft Access. There are ten tables in this system such as User Login, Login Log,
Staff Details, Product, Purchase, Customer Info, Topup and formula.
Table 1 describes about data input for administrator consists of username and password. This
table is used by staff to login into system. The input type of username and password is text and
the validation rule is not allow null which means user needs to enter their correct username and
password.
Table 1: Data Model for Login Table
Field Name
Description
Sample Data
Username
Ahmad
Password
abc123
ID Staff
ID staff number
S001
Level Sys
Table 2 shows data input for Login Log. This table is used to record and monitor user login into
system. It will state the time and date for every time the user login.
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Description
Sample Data
Login No
32
Username
Fakrul
Password
1234
Login Time
Time login
12:33:25 PM
Login Date
Date login
15-Jun-10
Table 3 shows the staff details. The administrator have allowed to access to this data. From this
form, the administrator can search, add, update and delete new staff and assign it to which
department the user belongs.
Table 3: Data Model for Staff Details
Field Name
Description
Sample Data
Staff ID
Registered staff ID
S003
Name
Staff name
Izo
Department
Department it belongs
Service
Contact No
0133232323
Table 4 shows data input for product table. It is a data which keep all the product info like
product ID, item and price.
Table 4: Data Model for Product
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Description
Sample Data
Product ID
ID for product
1F7FC2C5E88007E0
Item
Type of item
Table
Price
123.00
Discount
Promotion discount
10%
Table 5 shows data input for purchase table. Purchase table will keep all the info needed as a
reference to admin and customer.
Description
Sample Data
Purchase ID
E001
Purchase Date
25-May-10
Card ID
Customer ID
1F7FC2C5E88007E0
Total
Amount of payment
500
Table 6 shows data input for customer info. It have a customer information including name,
address, contact number and credit balance by referring on their card id.
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Description
Sample Data
Card ID
Customer ID
1F7FC2C5E88007E0
Name
Customer name
Ahmad
Sex
Customer sex
Male
IC Number
Customer IC Number
890909-21-1211
Phone Number
013-3565565
Address
Customer Address
TKC
Credit Balance
2083.99
Status
Account status
VALID
Table 7 shows data input for topup table consist of CardID, TopupDate, Name, CreditBalance,
Topup and Rate.
Table 7: Data Model for Topup
Field Name
Description
Card ID
Customer ID
Topup Date
Date of topup
Name
Customer name
Credit Balance
Customer IC Number
Topup
Topup Amount
Rate
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Sample Data
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Description
Sample Data
Num
Number of data
53
Date
Date exchange
20-May-10
Dirham
Ringgit
15
Functional Requirement
Functional requirement can define as a function of a software system or its component. A
function is described as a set of inputs, the behavior and outputs.
Login Function of D-POS System
Figure 1 describes the flow of the login function. There are three types of user level which are 0
for Administrator, 1 for Finance and 2 for Service. The three levels are behalf of department. The
user must login the correct username and password into the system. Then, by referring on
database, the user login will be forwarded onto the user menu.
START
Login Menu
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User Level
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START
Scan
Customer Card
Retrieve
Customer
Data
Stored
Conversion
Currency
Conversion
Currency
New Customer
Checking
Balance
Not Enough
Credit Topup
Enough
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System
Login
User
Customer
<<include>>
Validate Card
Logout
Non-Functional Requirement
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Software Requirement
The softwares required for this project development are as stated below:
Description
Microsoft Visual
Basic.NET
Microsoft Office
Project 2003
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2003
Hardware Requirement
The hardwares required for this project development are as stated below:
Table 10: Hardware Requirement for System
No.
Type Of Hardware
Description
1.
Computer/Processor
2.
Memory
1 GB or higher
3.
Hard disk
4.
Input Device
Mouse, Keyboard
5.
RFID Kit
CONCLUSION
In this paper we presented a working progress of a prototype system that will use dirham
currency that enables customers to use it in the existing Ringgit market. The card contains
dirham values that allow purchases goods and services even if the prices tagged in other
currencies (Ringgit). The stability of silver price and the depreciation of existing currencies value
will attract customers to use it. This can benefits the customers in a way that they can enjoy the
stabilize value of dirham (silver) compare to the fluctuating value of Ringgit.
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REFERENCES
1. Bailey, WB & Bhaopichitr, K 2002 How Important Was Silver? Some Evidence on
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Stock Returns in Colonial-Era Asia, Cornell University
Johnson Graduate School of Management Working Paper. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=303160 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.303160.
2. Balog, P 1961, History of The Dirham in Egypt from the Fatimid Conquest until the
Collapse of the Mamluk Empire 358/968~922/1517, in Revue Numismatique, ser.VI, 3 pp.
109-146, p. 116.
3. Barisheff, N 2006 August 15, 1971: Inflation Unleashed Viewed 12 January 2010,
<http://www.safehaven.com/article/5145/august-15-1971-inflation-unleashed>
4. Bonpasse, MM 2007 The Single Global Currency - Common Cents for Business in
Proceedings of International Academy of Business and Economics, pp. 46-54.
5. Dziauddin, S & Norlina, A 2008 The applicability of gold dinar in stabilizing commoditys
prices in the Proceedings of the International Business Borneo Conference, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah.
6. Dziauddin, S & Norlina, A 2008 The applicability of gold dinar in hedging of price of
commodities in the Proceedings of the International Business Borneo Conference, UMS,
Sabah.
7. Dziauddin, S & Norlina, A 2009 The performance of gold dinar in stabilizing price
fluctuation. Jurnal akademik UiTM Johor, 1.
8. Dziauddin, S, Faridah, MD & Ahmad, CY 2009 The Performance of Gold Dinar Basis in
Preserving Customers Benefit: A Comparative Study Of BIMB Financing Products in
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