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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. PROSPECTIVE SCOPE OF THE WORK
4. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
5. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH WORK
6. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
7. EXPECTED OUTCOME
8. PLAN OF EXECUTION
9. REFERENCES
Hybrid Fiber Composites are used in aircrafts, helicopters, space-craft, satellites, ships,
submarines, automobiles, chemical processing equipment due to their extremely good
interlaminar fracture strength.
2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
During extrusion compounding and injection molding processes, progressive and continuous
changes in fiber orientation throughout the molded components take place. The changes are
related in a complex way to the size and concentration of fibers, the flow behavior of melted
polymer matrix, the mold cavity and the processing conditions. An orientation distribution
generally requires a three-dimensional description.
However, when investigating the effect of the fiber orientation angle on the strength of shortfiber composites, only the angle between the fiber axis and the loading direction needs to be
considered, that is if the loading direction can be placed in the direction parallel to the mold
fill direction, then this fiber orientation angle is the inclination angle or the out-of-plane
angle. A fiber orientation distribution function representing the inclination angle must have
the property such that the variation of its functions shape parameters is able to describe a
change from a unidirectional distribution to a random distribution. Henceforth it is very
much necessary to study the effect of fiber length and orientation on the fracture toughness of
laminated composites for various structural applications.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Tiesong et al studied the effect of fibre content on mechanical properties and fracture
behavior of short carbon fibre reinforced geopolymeric matrix composites with different
volume fractions. The results demonstrated that fracture toughness of the laminated
composite increased with random orientation of fibers rather than unidirectional alignment
[1].
Shao et al studied the effect of length and fibre orientation distributions on tensile strength of
short fibre reinforced polymers using an analytical method for predicting the tensile strength
of short-fiber-reinforced polymers (SFRP). The results showed that the strength of SFRP
increased rapidly with the increase of the mean fiber length at small mean fiber lengths. The
inclined tensile strength of fibers has a great effect on the strength of composites [2].
According to Junzhi Zhang et al. experimental results show that bending resistances of short
chopped carbon fiber polyurethane is increased. As a result, it is proved that short- chopped
carbon fiber is useful in polyurethane [3].
In experiments conducted by Jinxiang Chen et al., Impact mechanical properties of short
carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites, including dynamic compressive strength,
deformation and energy absorption capacity were studied using a 100-mm-diameter split
Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The addition of carbon fibers can significantly
improve deformation and energy absorption capacities of Polyamide composites, while there
is no notable improvement in dynamic compressive strength. In addition, the optimum
volume fraction of carbon fibers enhanced the fracture toughness [4].
Thomason and Vlug studied the influence of fibre length and concentration on the properties
of glass-reinforced polypropylene. Composite impact strength increased directly with
increasing fibre concentration. For the current fibre/polypropylene combination a fibre length
> 8 mm is required [5].
4. OBJECTIVES
1. To fabricate a new class of Polyamide (PA 66)/S Glass fiber/Carbon fiber hybrid
laminate composite.
2. To study the effect of fiber orientation and length on the interlaminar fracture
toughness of the composite by suitable experimental methodology as per ASTM
Standards.
3. To analytically evaluate the interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminate by suitable
FEM Software Package (Ansys).
4. To develop a mathematical model predicting the effect of fiber length and orientation
on Fracture strength of the laminate.
5. To correlate the results and simulate the results in MATLAB.
6. To draw suitable conclusions based on analytical results and experimental validations
obtained.
5. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
1. Evaluation of the characteristics of S Glass fibers, Carbon fibers and Polyamide
matrix.
2. Processing of S Glass fibres and Carbon fibres for improved wettability and bonding
with the resin.
3. Processing of the composite by mixing of suitable Proportions of Polyamide resin and
hardener with S Glass and Carbon fibres.
4. Design of Experiments as per Taguchi technique for fibre orientation and fibre length.
5. Preparation of specimens as per ASTM standards for flexural rigidity and fracture
toughness.
7. PLAN OF EXECUTION
Sl. No
Milestones
Target
Course work
2015 - June
Literature survey
Preparation of laminates of different fiber orientation, fiber
2015 - Aug
2015 - Nov
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
experimental means.
Analytical Evaluation
Mathematical modelling
Correlation and Validation of Results obtained.
Drawing conclusion based on the critical observations
2016- Nov
made.
2016 - Dec
2017 - Feb
Thesis submission
2017 - Apr