Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MEDICAL IMAGING
BMEN 420 500
Your Syllabus:
Office hours
Prereqs
Required text
Grading and exam dates
Email and distribution of papers
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COURSE OUTLINE
1. Signals and Systems
Signals
Systems
Fourier Transform
Sampling theory
2. Image Quality
Contrast-to-noise ratio
Signal-to-noise ration
Image resolution
Artifacts and distortion
3. Radiographic imaging
Physics, instrumentation,
image formation
5. Ultrasound imaging
-
Physics, instrumentation,
image formation
6. MRI
-
Physics, instrumentation,
image formation
INTRODUCTION - TERMS
Imaging MODALITY = imaging technique, method, system
risk free
noninvasive
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INTRODUCTION
Signal originates from
bodys physical parameters physical measurements:
Z h ^
> -ray intensities (CT)
Hydrogen proton density radiofrequency waves (MRI)
X-ray transmission
Gamma ray emission
Ultrasound echoes
Nuclear magnetic resonance induction
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Early CT image
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A-mode imaging
B-mode imaging
M-mode imaging
Doppler imaging
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Standard MRI
Echo-planar imaging (EPI)
MR spectroscopic imaging
Functional MRI (fMRI)
Radiography transmission
modalities
CT scanning
Nuclear medicine emission
modality
MRI
Ultrasound
use
ionizing
radiation
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MODALITY COMPARISON
non-ionizing radiation (NIR)
wave model
Graph:
Medical Imaging Systems
Macovski, 1983
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X-Ray/
Chest
Abdomen
Head
widely used
needs contrast
excellent
excellent
bleeding, trauma
excellent
poor
CT
Ultrasound no, except for
heart
Nuclear
extensive use in
heart
Merge w/ CT
PET
MR
growing cardiac
applications
minor role
standard
Skeletal / Muscular
CT
Ultrasound real-time
non-invasive
cheap
but, poorer images
not used
Research in elastography
Nuclear
functional information
of perfusion
MR
getting better
High resolution
Myocardium viability
excellent
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SUMMARY
Modality
Projection/
Tomographic
Scintigraphy Projection
Conventional
radionuclide
Anatomic/
Functional
Static/
Dynamic
Ionizing/
Nonionizing/
Other
Resolution
Cost
Functional
Static
Ionizing
Low
Medium
SPECT
Tomographic
Functional
Static
Ionizing
Low
Medium
-high
PET
Tomographic
Functional
Static
Ionizing
Medium
Medium
-high
Projection
Radiography
Projection
Anatomic
Either
Ionizing
High
Low
CT
Tomographic
Anatomic
Either
Ionizing
High
Medium
-high
Ultrasound
Other/
Direct
Anatomic
Dynamic
Other
Low
Low
MRI
Tomographic
usually
Anatomic
Static,
becoming
dynamic
Nonionizing
High
High
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20 ORDERS SMALLER
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Symptom-based
diagnosis
Symptom-based
diagnosis
(In-Vitro
Diagnostics,
Imaging)
(In-Vitro
Diagnostics,
Imaging)
Here
Try This
Treatment
Recover or revisit
Detect
Prevent/Treat
Imaging
Gene Assay
Protein
In Vitro
(IVD)
Molecular
Diagnostics
Track and
Verify
Targeted
Chemistry
Imaging, IVD
Molecular
Imaging
Molecular
Therapeutics
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