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Present developments in SA production focus on a biologicalprocess based on the conversion of a renewable feedstock to SA by a biocatalyst. Biological SA production assimilates carbon dioxide(a possible environmental benefit) and is not directly dependent on crude oil. Wild strains of Actinobacillus succinogenes show promise due to its ability to naturally produce SA at a hightitre and its high acid tolerance.
Present developments in SA production focus on a biologicalprocess based on the conversion of a renewable feedstock to SA by a biocatalyst. Biological SA production assimilates carbon dioxide(a possible environmental benefit) and is not directly dependent on crude oil. Wild strains of Actinobacillus succinogenes show promise due to its ability to naturally produce SA at a hightitre and its high acid tolerance.
Present developments in SA production focus on a biologicalprocess based on the conversion of a renewable feedstock to SA by a biocatalyst. Biological SA production assimilates carbon dioxide(a possible environmental benefit) and is not directly dependent on crude oil. Wild strains of Actinobacillus succinogenes show promise due to its ability to naturally produce SA at a hightitre and its high acid tolerance.
Author Year Published Publication For Introduction
Raw Materials
Products
Process
Continuous succinic acid production by Actinobacillus
succinogenes in a biofilm reactor: Steady-state metabolic flux variation M.F.A. Bradfield, W. Nicol 2014 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa SA is conventionally produced from crude oil-based precursors viaan expensive, complex process with potential environmental costs[4]. With this in mind and the expected growth in the market forSA, present developments in SA production focus on a biologicalprocess based on the conversion of a renewable feedstock to SA bya biocatalyst. Biological SA production assimilates carbon dioxide(a possible environmental benefit) and is not directly dependent oncrude oil. Presently, the most favourable biocatalysts for SA produc-tion are wild strains of Actinobacillus succinogenes [5], Mannheimiasucciniciproducens [6], Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens [7] andrecombinant strains of Escherichia coli [8], with A. succinogenesshowing promise due to its ability to naturally produce SA at a hightitre [1] and its high acid tolerance [9]. Actinobacillus Succinogenes Current studies on SA production in batch and continuousreactors reflect that A. succinogenes is a competitive SA producer[1318]. These studies report obtained yields and byproduct distri-butions but do not attempt to reconcile the results with the centralmetabolic network by analysing the metabolic flux distribution.Variations in product distributions are reported in these studiesalthough the redox implications of the variations are not explored.Van Heerden and Nicol [19] performed a partial metabolic analysiswhere it was shown that all continuous results exclusively followthe pyruvate formate-lyase route. Constant product distributionswere obtained at all the dilution rates but no redox checks wereperformed. Succinic acid (SA) or butanedioic acid has various importantapplications in the pharmaceutical, food, biopolymers and chemi-cals industry [1] and has been identified as a potential large-scale,biomass-derived chemical by the US Department of Energy [2,3]. Continuous anaerobic fermentations were performed in a novel external-recycle, biofilm reactor using d-glucose and CO2 as carbon substrates. Succinic acid (SA) yields were found to be an increasing function of glucose consumption with the succinic acid to acetic acid ratio increasing from 2.4 g g1 at a glucose
consumption of 10 g L1, to 5.7 g g1 at a glucose consumption
of 50 g L1. The formic acid to acetic acid ratio decreased from an equimolar value (0.77 g g1) at a glucose consumption of 10 g L1 to a value close to zero at 50 g L1. The highest SA yield on glucose and highest SA titre obtained were 0.91 g g1 and 48.5 g L1 respectively. Metabolic flux analysis based on the established C3 and C4 metabolic path-ways of Actinobacillus succinogenes revealed that the increase in the succinate to acetate ratio could not be attributed to the decrease in formic acid and that an additional source of NADH was present. The fraction of unaccounted NADH increased with glucose consumption, suggesting that additional reducing power is present in the medium or is provided by the activation of an alternative metabolic pathway.
Equipment Conclusion of Journal
This study provides evidence that the metabolic flux distribu-tion
of A. succinogenes in a continuous biofilm reactor is a function ofglucose consumption. More specifically, CSAincreased continuouslywith increasing glucose consumption while the concentrationsof the other metabolites, acetate and formate, flattened out anddecreased to zero, respectively. Furthermore, succinic acid pro-duction (i.e. flux to the C4metabolic pathway) was favoured athigh values of glucose consumption, when the cells are probablyin a maintenance or non-growth state and therefore express dif-ferent metabolic pathways, allowing greater yields. Values greaterthan the theoretical maximum values were obtained for YAASA(5.70 g g1) and YGLSA(0.91 g g1). In addition, YAAFAwas consis-tently less than 0.77 g g1and approached zero as CFAdecreased,which suggests that either the PDH or the FDH pathway, or a combi-nation thereof, becomes increasingly active with increasing glucoseconsumption. These pathways, and biomass synthesis, allow for anincrease in YAASAdue to NADH generation, but could not account forthe total increase, which is probably explainable by the activationof alternative metabolic pathways that generate additional NADHor by the presence of additional reducing power in the medium