Neosartoria fischeri

Teleomorph dari Aspergillus fischeri

Optimum tumbuh 25oC - 37oC
Membentuk spora kurang lebih 1 bulan , heat resistance
100% survive pada suhu 80oC selama 20 menit
0,0002% survive pada suhu 100oC selama 5 menit
Dapat survive lebih dari 6 jam pemanasan selama 75 degrees C, 5 h at 80 degrees C, and 3 to 4 h at 85
degrees C in mango or grape juice
Citric acid lebih berefek pada resistance terhadap panas daripada malic acid
J Food Prot. 1998 Oct;61(10):1358-62.
Thermal death rate of ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri ATCC 200957 in the presence of organic
acids and preservatives in fruit juices.
Rajashekhara E1, Suresh ER, Ethiraj S.
Author information
Abstract
Heat-resistant molds, including Neosartorya fischeri, are known to spoil thermally processed fruit
products. The control measures required for such problems must not cause an appreciable loss of the
organoleptic qualities of the final products. In the present study we determined the thermal death rates
of ascospores of N. fischeri ATCC 200957 in fruit juices containing organic acids and preservatives.
The ascospores were able to survive for more than 6 h of heating at 75 degrees C, 5 h at 80 degrees C,
and 3 to 4 h at 85 degrees C in mango or grape juice. Of the four organic acids tested, citric acid
exhibited the maximal destruction of ascospores in mango juice at 85 degrees C (1/k = 27.22 min),
and tartaric acid the least (1/k = 61.73 min). The effect of common preservatives on the thermal death
rates of ascospores at .85 degrees C in mango and grape juices was studied. Almost similar effects on
thermal inactivation of ascospores were noted when potassium sorbate (1/k = 29.38 min) or sodium
benzoate (1/k = 27.64 min) or the combination of both (1/k = 27.53 min) was used in mango juice. In
grape juice, potassium sorbate (1/k = 25.07 min) was more effective than sodium benzoate (1/k =
50.08 min) or the combination of both (1/k = 40.79 min) in inactivation of ascospores of the mold.
The thermal death rate (1/k) values in mango and grape juices in the absence of any preservative were
63.51 and 69.27 min respectively.
\

Fungi and Food Spoilage

By John I. Pitt, Ailsa D. Hocking

Staphylococcus hominis
Membentuk biofilm, tahan
terhadap agent desinfektan
Survive 50 C for 30 minutes
and 9% sodium chloride
tetapi terkadang ditemukan
berhabitat pada chemicals, eg,
3% hexachlorophene.
Koloni berdiameter 4-6mm
pada umur 3 hari pada suhu
34-35oC dan 2 hari pada suhu
25oC
Range optimum tumbuh dari
25 -35oC

Candida LUsitaniae
Dapat berubah menjadi
Clavispora lusitaniae
Inspect for growth of the
inoculum/strain
regularly. The sign of
viability is noticeable
typically after 1-2
Days of incubation.

However, the time necessary for significant growth will vary from strain to strain.
Optimum suhu 25oC
Dorman 20oC
The information recommended in this section is to assist users in obtaining living culture(s) for their
studies.
The recommendation does not imply that the conditions or procedures provided below are optimum.
Experienced researchers may initiate the growth of a culture in their own way.
ATCC Medium 1245: YEPD
Growth Conditions
Temperature: 25.0C
Recommended Procedure
Frozen ampoules packed in dry ice should either be thawed immediately or stored in liquid nitrogen. If
liquid
nitrogen storage facilities are not available, frozen ampoules may be stored at or below 70
C for
approximately one week. Do not under any circumstance store frozen ampoules at refrigerator
freezer temperatures (generally 20
C). Storage of frozen material at this temperature will result in the
death of the culture.
1. To thaw a frozen ampoule, place in a 2530 C water bath, until just thawed (approximately 5
minutes).
Immerse the ampoule just sufficient to cover the frozen material. Do not agitate the ampoule.
2. Immediately after thawing, wipe down ampoule with 70% ethanol and aseptically transfer 10
microliter (or
any amount desired up to all) of the content onto a plate or broth with medium recommended.
3. Incubate the inoculum/strain at the temperature and conditions recommended.
4. Inspect for growth of the inoculum/strain regularly. The sign of viability is noticeable typically after
34
days
of incubation. However, the time necessary for significant growth will vary from strain to strain.

Micrococcus luteus
Optimum 30oC selama 2-3 hari
http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/micrococcus%20luteus.html
Inkubasi 37oC selama 1 hari
Dapat membentuk biofilm
It should work on the agar you have selected but at 30 C you may not see any
growth for 3-5 days. Micrococcus luteus is not a fastidious organism to
grow it just has very small cells so colonies are not visible for a little
bit longer time. When I was in the lab we would grow M. luteus on soybean
casein digest agar at 35-39C with a 48-72 hour incubation time. When it
was grown at 30C we would wait 72-96 hour incubation.
Cell Structure and Metabolism

Tetrad
arrangement of
Micrococcus .
From Dr. Gary
Kaiser.
Pigmented
colonies
of
Micrococcus.
From
Plattsburgh
State
University of
New York.
Micrococcus
are
Grampositive cocci
that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. They
are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. M. luteus oxidizes carbohydrates to CO2
and water, and it does not produce acid from glucose as well as it does not make arginine dihydrolase
or b-galactosidase. Some Micrococcus are pigmented bacteria; for example, M. luteus produces
yellow colonies and M. roseus produces redish colonies. Micrococcus species are oxidase-positive,
which can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria like most Staphylococcus species, which
are generally oxidase-negative. Defining characteristics of Micrococcus are the ability to aerobically
produce acid from glucose glycerol, aesculin hydrolysis, arginine dihydrolase, major pigment
production, motility, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite (Smith et al. 1999).
Ecology
M. luteus has been isolated from human skin, animal and dairy products, and beer. It can be found in
many other places in the environment, as well, like water, dust, and soil. M. luteus on human skin
breaks down compounds in sweat into compounds with bad odor. M. luteus can grow well in
environments with little water or high salt concentrations. They grow optimally at 37oC and can be
easily grown on inorganic nitrogen agar or Simmon's citrate agar. Although some, like Micrococcus
antarcticus, are cold-adapted, and have been found living in Antarctica and in marine environments.
Medium
ATCC Medium 3: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth
Growth Conditions
Temperature: 30C
Atmosphere: Aerobic
Propagation Procedure
1. Open vial according to the enclosed instructions.
2. From a single tube of #3 broth (5 to 6 mL), withdraw approximately 0.5 to 1.0 mL with a Pasteur or
1.0
mL pipette and use to rehydrate the entire pellet.
3. Aseptically transfer the rehydrated pellet back into the broth tube. Mix well.
4. Use several drops of the suspension to inoculate a #3 agar slant and/or plate.
5. Incubate tubes and plate at 30C for 48 to 72 hours. If no growth occurs on solid medium upon
initial
opening, restreak
from incubated broth culture.

Jenis mikorba
Asspergillus
fischeri
-->
Noesartoria
fischeri

Suhu optimum
25oC - 37oC

Candida
lusitaniae -->
clavispora
lusitaniae
Staphylococcu
s hominis

25oC

Micrococcus
luteus

30-37

25 -35oC

Heat resistance
heat resistance
100% survive pada suhu
80oC selama 20 menit
0,0002% survive pada suhu
100oC selama 5 menit
Dapat survive lebih dari 6
jam pemanasan selama 75
degrees C, 5 h at 80 degrees
C, and 3 to 4 h at 85 degrees
C in mango or grape juice
Citric acid lebih berefek
pada resistance terhadap
panas daripada malic acid

Survive 50 C for 30
minutes and 9% sodium
chloride tetapi terkadang
ditemukan berhabitat pada
chemicals,
eg,
3%
hexachlorophene

dorman
20oC

Waktu tumbuh
30-40mm
diameter kurang
lebih 10 hari

20oC

1-2 hari

20oC

3 hari pada suhu

34-35oC
2 hari pada suhu
25oC

20oC

30o = 2-3 hari

37o = 1 hari