Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MECHANICAL JAM
If turned On, the Mechanical Jam element function as follows. After a motor start, a
Trip occurs once the magnitude of Ia, Ib, or Ic exceeds the Pickup Level FLA for a
period of time specified by the MECHANICAL JAM DELAY setpoint. This feature
may be used to indicate a stall condition when running. Not only does it protect the
motor by taking it off-line quicker than the thermal model (overload curve), it may
also prevent or limit damage to the driven equipment if motor starting torque
persists
UNDERCURRENT
A trip or alarm will occurs once the magnitude Ia, Ib, or Ic falls below the pickup
level FLA for the time specified by the UNDERCURRENT ALARM DELAY. The
Undercurrent element is active only when the motor is running. It is blocked upon
the initiation of a motor start for the time defined by the U/C BLOCK FROM START
setpoint (e.g. this block may be used to allow pumps to build up head before the
undercurrent element trips). A value of "0" means the feature is not blocked from
start. If a value other than "0" is entered, the feature is disabled when the motor is
stopped and also from the time a start is detected until the time entered expires.
The UNDERCURRENT ALARM PICKUP level should be set lower than motor loading
during normal operations.
For example, if a pump is cooled by the liquid it pumps, loss of load may mean that
the pump overheats. In this case, enable the undercurrent feature. If the motor
loading should never fall below 0.75 FLA, even for short durations, the
UNDERCURRENT TRIP PICKUP could be set to "0.70" and the UNDERCURRENT
ALARM PICKUP to "0.75". If the pump is always started loaded, the BLOCK
UNDERCURRENT FROM START setpoint should be disabled (programmed as 0).
the UNDERCURRENT ALARM DELAY / UNDERCURRENT TRIP DELAY is typically set
as quick as possible, i.e. 1 s.
Un viaje o la voluntad de alarma se produce una vez que la magnitud Ia, Ib, Ic o cae
por debajo del nivel de arranque FLA durante el tiempo especificado por la
ALARMA UNDERCURRENT RETRASO. El elemento de mnima intensidad se activa
slo cuando el motor est en marcha. Est bloqueado en el inicio de un arranque
del motor durante el tiempo definido por el bloque U / C DE consigna START (por
ejemplo, este bloque se puede utilizar para permitir a las bombas acumulan cabeza
antes de los viajes de los elementos de mnima intensidad). Un valor de "0" significa
que la funcin no est bloqueada desde el principio. Si se introduce un valor distinto
de "0", la funcin se desactiva cuando el motor est parado y tambin desde el
momento en un comienzo se detecta hasta que el tiempo programado expira. El
nivel RECOGIDA DE ALARMA UNDERCURRENT debe ser inferior a la carga del motor
durante las operaciones normales.
Por ejemplo, si una bomba est refrigerado por el lquido que bombea, la prdida de
carga puede significar que la bomba se sobrecalienta. En este caso, active la
funcin corriente subterrnea. Si la carga del motor nunca debe ser inferior a 0,75
FLA, aunque de corta duracin, el PICKUP TRIP UNDERCURRENT podra
establecerse en "0,70" y el UNDERCURRENT ALARMA PICKUP a "0.75". Si la bomba
period of
time exceeding the SHORT CIRCUIT TRIP BACKUP DELAY. It is intended that this second trip be assigned to R2 or R3
which
would be dedicated as an upstream breaker trip relay.
Various situations (e.g. charging a long line to the motor or power factor correction capacitors) may cause transient
inrush
currents during motor starting that may exceed the SHORT CIRCUIT TRIP PICKUP level for a very short period of time.
The
INTENTIONAL S/C TRIP DELAY is adjustable in 10 ms increments. This delay can be fine tuned to an application so it still
responds very fast but rides through normal operational disturbances. Normally, the INTENTIONAL S/C TRIP DELAY is set
as
quick as possible, 0 ms. This time may be increased if nuisance tripping occurs.
When a motor starts, the starting current (typically 6 FLA for an induction motor) has an asymmetrical component.
This
asymmetrical current may cause one phase to see as much as 1.6 times the normal RMS starting current. If the
SHORT CIRCUIT
TRIP PICKUP was
set at 1.25 times the symmetrical starting current, it is probable that there would be nuisance trips
during motor starting. A rule of thumb has been developed over time that short circuit protection at least 1.6 times the
symmetrical
starting current value. This allows the motor to start without nuisance tripping.
The overreach filter removes the DC component from the asymmetrical current present at the moment a fault occurs.
This
results in no overreach whatsoever, however, the response time slows slightly (10 to 15 ms) but times still remain
within
specifications.
UNBALANCE
469 unbalance is defined as the ratio of negative-sequence to positive-sequence current, I2 / I1, if the motor is
operating at a load (Iavg) greater than FLA. If the motor Iavg is less than FLA, unbalance is defined as I2 / I1 Iavg /
FLA. This derating is necessary to prevent nuisance alarms when a motor is lightly loaded. If enabled, a trip and/or
alarm occurs once the unbalance magnitude exceeds the CURRENT UNBALANCE ALARM/TRIP PICKUP for a
period of time specified by the CURRENT UNBALANCE ALARM/TRIP DELAY. If the unbalance level exceeds 40%,
or when Iavg > 25% FLA and current in any one phase is zero, the motor is considered single phasing and a trip
occurs within 2 seconds. Single phasing protection is disabled if the unbalance feature is turned "Off".
When setting the CURRENT UNBALANCE ALARM/TRIP PICKUP level, note that a 1% voltage unbalance typically
translates into a 6% current unbalance. Therefore, to prevent nuisance trips or alarms, the pickup level should not be
set too low. Also, since short term unbalances are common, a reasonable delay should be set to avoid nuisance trips
or alarms. The unbalance bias feature is recommended to bias the thermal model for motor heating caused by cyclic
short term unbalances (see Section d): Unbalance Bias on page 438).
Unusually high unbalance levels may be caused by incorrect phase CT wiring.
For example, fluctuations of current unbalance levels are typically caused by the supply voltage. It may be desirable
to have a latched alarm to capture any such fluctuations that go beyond the Unbalance Alarm parameters. Also, a trip
is recommended.
If the supply voltage is normally unbalanced up to 2%, the current unbalance seen by a typical motor is 2 6 = 12%.
In this case, set the CURRENT UNBALANCE ALARM PICKUP to "15" and the CURRENT UNBALANCE TRIP
PICKUP to "20" to prevent nuisance tripping; 5 or 10 seconds is a reasonable delay.
469 desequilibrio se define como la relacin de secuencia negativa de la corriente de secuencia positiva, I2 / I1, si el
motor est operando a
una carga (Imed) superior a FLA. Si el motor Imed es inferior a FLA, el desequilibrio se define como I2 / I1 Imed /
FLA. Esta reduccin de potencia es
necesario para evitar falsas alarmas cuando un motor est ligeramente cargado. Si est activado, un viaje y / o
alarma ocurre una vez que el desequilibrio
magnitud excede la corriente de arranque DESEQUILIBRIO DE ALARMA / TRIP durante un perodo de tiempo
especificado por el ACTUAL
DESEQUILIBRIO RETRASO ALARMA / TRIP. Si el nivel de desequilibrio supera el 40%, o cuando Imed> 25% de la
FLA y la corriente en cualquiera de las fases
es cero, el motor se considera una sola fase y un viaje se produce dentro de 2 segundos. Proteccin individual
eliminacin gradual se desactivar si
la funcin de desequilibrio est en posicin "Off".
Al fijar la cuanta RECOGIDA DE ALARMA DESEQUILIBRIO / VIAJE ACTUAL, tenga en cuenta que un desequilibrio
de tensin 1% generalmente se traduce en
un desequilibrio de corriente de 6%. Por lo tanto, para evitar falsos disparos o alarmas, el nivel de arranque no debe
ser demasiado bajo. adems,
ya que los desequilibrios de corto plazo son comunes, un plazo razonable se debe establecer para evitar falsos
disparos o alarmas. El desequilibrio
funcin de sesgo se recomienda para desviar el modelo trmico para el calentamiento del motor causados por
desequilibrios cclicos de corto plazo
(vase el apartado d): Sesgo de desequilibrio en la pgina 4-38).
Niveles inusualmente altos de desequilibrio puede ser causado por el cableado TI de fase incorrecta.
Por ejemplo, las fluctuaciones de los niveles de desequilibrio de corriente, suelen estar causados por la tensin de
alimentacin. Puede ser deseable
tener una alarma enganchada para capturar cualquier tipo de fluctuaciones que van ms all de los parmetros de
alarma de desequilibrio. Adems, se recomienda un viaje.
Si la tensin de alimentacin est normalmente desequilibrado hasta 2%, el desequilibrio de corriente visto por un
motor tpico es 2 6 = 12%. En este
caso, ajuste la corriente de arranque ALARMA DESEQUILIBRIO a "15" y la corriente de arranque de disparo por
desequilibrio de "20" para evitar molestias
tropezar; 5 o 10 segundos es un plazo razonable.