Saitama University

Graduate School of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Structural Dynamics &

Control [M61110]
Assignment-3

Santoshi Sharma 14ME153

08/01/2015

Question:
Suppose that horizontal vibration in a threestory residential building induced by ground
bornevibrationduetonearbyroadtrachasbeenaproblemforresidents.
From measurements of the groundborne vibration, it appeared that the ground
acceleration
sin
where
is a constant
could be represented by
representing the amplitude of ground acceleration. The circular frequency of the ground
motion
appeared to coincide with the circular natural frequency of the first
vibrationmodeofthebuildingthatwasunderstoodbyamathematicalmodelofthebuilding
with three degreesoffreedom presented in Figure 1. Here, the horizontal motions of the
lumped mass at each of the floors and the roof are selected as the degreesoffreedom.
Supposethatthelumpedmassismandthestinessofeachsideofthemodelisk/2where
k=3200m.Thedampinginthestructurecanbeneglected.
In order to reduce the building vibration, it has been decided to install a tuned mass
damper. Design this tuned mass damper. Describe your design process andfinaldesignin
youranswer.Includeappropriatetablesandfiguresforbetterpresentationofyouranswer.

Solution:

1. Equationofmotionforfreevibrationmotion
Thestructurewasmodeledaslumpedmassmodelasshowninthe
figure.Themassandstiffnessarerepresentedbymandkrespectively.

Theequationofmotionofthesystemwillbegivenbyfollowingsetof
equations:
0.
0
0
0.
0

Inthisproblem,thetotalstiffnessofeachfloor=k/2+k/2=k=3200m

Inmatrixform,
0. 1

0
0
1 0 0
0
0
Where,
0 1 0
0
0
0 0 1
And,

0
2
1 0
3200
1 2
1
0
0
1 1

Forsolutionofthedifferentialequation,letusassumethesolutionisgivenas:

. .

Substitutingthexintheequation(1),
0

Againthisequationhasnontrivialsolutionsonlywhen
0

Substituting & intheaboveequation

1 0 0
2
1 0
3200.
0
0 1 0
1 2
1
0 0 1
0
1 1

1 0 0
2
1 0
0
3200 1 2
0 1 0
1
0 0 1
0
1 1

TheaboveequationisthensolvedinMATLABsoftwareusingtherelation[V,L]=eig(K,M).
%
%Finalexamstructuralvibrationandcontrol
%calculationofeigenvaluesforfreevibration(MDOF)
%

%clearmemory
clearall;closeall;

%definematrix
M=[100;
010;
001];

K=3200[210;
121;
011;];

%findeigenvaluesandeigenvector
[V,L]=eig(K,M);

%extracteachcolumnofmatrixVtogeteigenvectorsandnormalizethem
%tomakemaxamplitude=1
phi1=V(:,1);phi1norm=phi1/max(abs(phi1));
phi2=V(:,2);phi2norm=phi2/max(abs(phi2));
phi3=V(:,3);phi3norm=phi3/max(abs(phi3));

Finallyweget,
0.3280 0.7370
0.5910
0.5910 0.3280
0.7370
0.7370
0.5910
0.0057
And
0.0634
0
0
10,000

0
0.4976
0
0
0
1.0390

Again each columns of the matrix V represents the mode shape. The normalized modes
shapeareasfollows:

0.8019
1.000
0.4450

0.4450
1.0000
0.8019

0.8019 1.000
0.4450

Naturalfrequencyandmodalshapes
The natural angular frequencies for each mode are obtained as the square root of the
diagonalmatrixofL.Thevaluesareshownintablebelow:

Table1Angularfrequencyandnaturalfrequency

Angularfrequency
0.0634 10

25.179

70.541

/ and

101.931

Frequency,
25.179
2

11.227

16.223

/2
4.007

Usingthevalueofphifromabove,themodesshapesaredrawnbelow:
3.000

Floorlevel

2.000
modeshape1
modeshape2
modeshape3

1.000

1.500

1.000

0.000
0.500 0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

Figure1Modeshapesforfreevibrationmotion

Theequationofmotionofforcedvibrationwithoutthedamperisgivenby

2. CalculationofTMDproperties
Now, the next task is to find the modal mass to find the optimum value of tuned mass
damper(TMD).

ForthedesignofTMDweneedtofindthe
a) MassofTMD
b) DampingcoefficientofTMD

TheequationofmotionofTMDdamperisgivenby
After, tune damper installation, the equation of the motion is
givenby

Supposethesolutionisintheform,

and

Substituting in the above equation and solving for the displacement amplitude of the
structure(Us)andthenfindingthedynamicmagnificationfactorofthestructureleadsto
followingrelationship:

Where,

Followingpointswerenotedinthisanalysis:
a) The coupling can be neglected as second modal frequency is more than twice the
firstmodalfrequency(wmode2>2*wmode1).

1 astheexcitationandnaturalfrequency
b) Theratio

ofthestructurecoincide(asmentionedinthequestion).
c) AsweareinterestedintheoptimumvaluesofTMD,weuseadditionalrelationship
asfollows
i. Theoptimumvalueofratio

ii.

TheoptimumvalueofdampingratioofTMDisgivenby

d) The modal mass of the structure for the first mode is given as

1.8412
0
0

%normalizingthemodeshapevector
V=[V(:,1)/V(3,1)V(:,2)/V(3,2)V(:,3)/V(3,3)];
%modalmass
Mn=transpose(V)*M*V

0
0

2.8629
0
0
9.2959

2.1.

CalculationforTMD

Thesolutionprocedureisasfollows:
Step1:Assumedifferentvalueof
andD

Step2:Foreachvalueofcalculate

Magnificationfactor(D)

Step3:Calculate%changeinDwhilechanging
Step 4: Selectforwhichthepercentagechange isnotsignificant.(Inthiscase2.5% was
assumed).
Step5:calculatepropertiesofTMD

The calculated values of D for different are shown in Table 2. The values have been
summarizedinFigure2.

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

0.2

0.31

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

Figure2Dynamicmagnificationfactorfordifferentvaluesof

Table2Calculationofdynamicmagnificationfactor

=(1/(1+))

=sqrt(3*/8/(1+))

Magnificationfactor(D) %decreasebydecreasing

0.01

0.99010

0.06093

12.37816

0.03

0.97087

0.10451

7.29089

41.1%

0.05

0.95238

0.13363

5.75293

21.1%

0.07

0.93458

0.15663

4.94620

14.0%

0.09

0.91743

0.17596

4.43217

10.4%

0.11

0.90090

0.19277

4.06893

8.2%

0.13

0.88496

0.20771

3.79498

6.7%

0.15

0.86957

0.22116

3.57887

5.7%

0.17

0.85470

0.23342

3.40266

4.9%

0.19

0.84034

0.24469

3.25529

4.3%

0.21

0.82645

0.25511

3.12953

3.9%

0.23

0.81301

0.26481

3.02046

3.5%

0.25

0.80000

0.27386

2.92458

3.2%

0.27

0.78740

0.28236

2.83934

2.9%

0.29

0.77519

0.29035

2.76282

2.7%

0.31

0.76336

0.29789

2.69356

2.5%

0.33

0.75188

0.30503

2.63043

2.3%

=(1/(1+))
0.35

=sqrt(3*/8/(1+))

0.74074

Magnificationfactor(D) %decreasebydecreasing

0.31180

2.57251

2.2%

..

..

..

..

..

0.55

0.64516

0.36478

2.16994

1.4%

..

..

..

..

..

0.75

0.57143

0.40089

1.93037

1.0%

..

..

..

..

..

0.50000

0.43301

1.73205

0.4%

From the table above, =0.31 was selected as the best value because there was no
significantreductioninmagnificationfactorafterthispoint.

3. Finalresult
a) MassofTMD

1.8412

0.31

0.57

b) DampingratioofTMD
=0.2978

c) StiffnessofTMD
=210.96m
Magnificationfactor(D)

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

DwithTMD

DwithoutTMD

Figure3Dynamicmagnificationfactor(D)fordifferentvaluesofbeforeandafterinstallingTMD

ThusthepropertiesofTMDrequiredforthegivenstructurewascalculatedinthisreport.