Bacteria

pathogenicity

Niesseria
meningitidis

Pyogenic
meningitides
( headachevomiting- stiff
neck )

Niesseria
gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhoeae
( sexual
transmitted)
acute
conjunctivitis in
infants of
mother with
Gonorrhoeae

Laboratory
diagnosis
CSF

Urethal &
cervical
exudatesurine eye
swab

Microscopic
examination
Gram Ve
dipiococci
( intracellular
in pus cells )

culture

Chocolate
blood agar
( transparent
or grey
colonies
incubation in
CO2
Gram Ve
1- Modified
dipiococci
New York
( intracellular City
in pus cells ) ( MNYC)
2- Thayer
martin
( transparent
or grey
colonies )

1- Gram Negative cocci

Biochemical
tests
1- Oxidase +
Ve
2- Utilize :
Glucosemaltose

Antimicrobial
sensitivity
penicillin

1- Oxidase +
Ve
2- Utilize :
glucose only

Resistant to
penicillin

2- Gram Positive cocci

Bacteria

pathogenicity

Laboratory Microscop
diagnosis
ic
examinati
on
Staphyloc Pneumonia
Pus skin
Gram +Ve
occus
impetigo
swab in cluster (
aureus
wound
sputum
grape like
infection
CSF
cluser )
osteomyelitis blood
food poisoning Faeces
due to
vomit in
enterotoxins
food
Normal flora in poisoning
40% of health
people

culture

1-Blood agar
( yellow to cream
colonies some strains
beta- haemolytic
2- macConkey agar
(small deep pink due to
lactose fermentation )
3- Mannitol salt agar
agar ( yellow due to
Mannitol
fermentation )
4- nutrient agar
( golden yellow )
Streptococ Sore throat
Throat
Gram +Ve 1- Blood agar ( small
cus
( tonsillitis,
swab pus in
white beta- haemolytic
pyogenes pharyngitis ) swab chains,pai colonies )
scarlet fever
blood
rs some 2-Crystal violet blood
( Group otitis media
strains are agar
A)
impetigo
capsulated ( selective for S.
rhrumatic fever
pyoggenes )

3- macConkey agar
glomeruloneph
( no growth )
species
Haemolysis
Sensitivity
to
CAMP
ritis Bacitracin
Normal flora in
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Beta
sensitive
negative
upper
Group
A
respiratory
tract
Strepotoco Septic abortion

CSF ear

Gram +Ve 1- Blood agar ( grey

Biochemical Antimicrob
tests
ial
sensitivity
1- All
staphylococc
i are catalase
+ Ve
2- coagulase
+Ve
3- DNAase
+Ve
4- liquefy gel
5- hemolyse
blood
1- sensitive
Penicillin
to Bacitracin
&
disk
Erythromy
2- anticin
streptolysin
O ( ASO )

Aesculin
Hydrolysis
negative

1- Hippurate

Strepotococcus
agalactiae
Group B
Strepotococcus Fecalis
Group D

Beta

resistant

positive

negative

Non haemolytic

resistant

negative

positive

3- Aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram negative Bacilli

Bacteria
E. coli

pathogenicity
UTI wound
infection
meningitis
bacteraemia in
neonates diarrhea

Laboratory Microscopic
diagnosis
examination
Urine pus Gram Ve
faeces
motile rods
CSF - blood

Klebsiella Chest infection

Urine pus
pneumoni (bronchopneum sputum
a
onia
abscesses ) - UTI

Gram Ve
non motile
capsulated
rods

culture

Biochemical
tests
1- Blood agar ( some strains are
1- indole :+ Ve
haemolytic
2- motility :
2- MacConkey : pink colonies due to +Ve
lactose fermentation
3- MR : +Ve
3- CLED : yellow colonies due to
4- nitrare :
lactose fermentation
+Ve
4- XLD : yellow color
5- DCA : growth inhibited
IMVC
6- EMB : black colonies with
++-metallic shine
6- KIA : yellow butt yellow slant
produce Acid & gas
1- blood agar : large grey white
1- citrate : +Ve
mucoid colonies
2- urease: +Ve
2- macConkey : mucoid pink
3- MR: +Ve/colonies due to lactose fermentation Ve

3- CLED : yellow colonies due to

lactose fermentation
6- KIA : yellow butt yellow slant
produce Acid & gas
Proteus
mirabilis

UTI ( Alkaline )
abdominal &
wound infection

salmonella 1- Enteric fever

( typhoid &
paratyphoid )
2- enterocolitis
3- Bacteraemia

Urinr pus Gram -Ve

pleomorphic
rods actively
motile

1-bloodagar : fishy odour

swarming
2- MacConkey & XLD: swarming
inhibited due to bile salts
3- CLED : swarming inhibited due
electrolyte deficient
4- KIA : yellow butt red slant
produce gas & H2S

1- for
enteric
fever
( bloodfaecesurine )
2- for
enterocoliti
s
( faeces
blood )
3- for
bacteraemi

1-blood culture ( blood Columbia

agar
- diphasic medium )
2- blood agar ( subculture ):greywhite some strains appear mucoid
3- XLD(selective media ):pink color
with black center due to H2S
4- MacConkey & DCA : pale color
with black center

Gram -Ve
rods actively
motile nonsporing
except S.
typhi

4- Vp : +Ve/Ve
5- nitrate :
+Ve
IMVC
--++
1- urease : +Ve
2- PPA: +ve
3- motility :
+Ve
4- Citrate :
+Ve

1-KSA :
a- Pink
( alkaline )
slope & yellow
( acid ) butt
indicating
fermentation
of glucose not
lactose
b- produce gas
except S. typhi
c-produce H2S
except S.

a
( blood )

Shigella

Bacillary
dysentery or
shigellosistransmission by
faecal oral route

1-fresh
Gram -Ve
faecal
specimen
2-transport
medium for
delayed
faecal
specimen

Selective media
1-XLD: red-pink colonies without
black center
2-MacConkey & DCA: pale color
due to non lactose fermentation
S. sonnei produce pink color on
prolonged incubation

Yersinia
pestis

Plague ( Bubonic
pneumonic
septicaemic
Transimission :
1-infected fleas
(Xenopsylla )

Bubo
aspiratessputumblood

Optimum temp. 27C ( culture

should be incubated at room temp.)
1-blood agar: small shiny non
haemolytic colonies after 24- 48hr.
2-macConkey :very small
translucent pink after 24-48hr.

Small Gram
Ve
coccobacillus
capsulated
show bipolar
staining with

paratyphi A
2- citrate : +Ve
except S.
paratyphi A
3- MR: +Ve
IMVC
-+-+
4- Widal test
(O&H
antibodies )
1-KIA : pink
(alkaline )
slope &
yellow( acid )
butt indicating
fermentation
of glucose not
lactose no
H2S
production
2- MR: +ve
1-Catalase :
+ve
2- MR: +ve

from rats or
domestic
animals
( dogs,cats )
2- inhaling
organisms in
airborn droplets
Pseudomo Opportunistic
nas
hospital
aeruginosa acquired
infection
1-skin infection (
burn,
wound,ulcers )
2- UTI
( following
catherization )
3- Respiratory
tract infection
4- ear infection
(otitis externa)
5- eye infection
Vibrio
cholera

rice water stool

( enterotoxin
activates
adenylate

methylene
blue, Giemsa

( non lactose fermentation but it

take up red dye of indicator in the
medium )

Pus
urinesputumeffusions blood

Gram Ve
motile rod
some strains
are
capsulatedobligatory
aerobic
Produce
pigment
a- blue geen
b-yellow
green

1- blood agar: large flat spreading

colonies often are haemolytic
2-macConkey : pale color due to
NLF
3- CLED : geen color due to NLF
3- KIA : pink-red slope with metallic
appearance pink-red butt

1- oxidase :
+Ve
2- Citrate : +
Ve
3- oxidationfermentation
test :
Yellow color
( in oxidative
opened tube )

Faecal
specimen

Gram Ve
curved rods
motile ( with
single

Grow best in alkaline pH

1- TCBS ( selective media ):sucrose
fermenting yellow colonies
2- KIA: red slope and yellow butt

1- oxidase :
+Ve
2-indole : + Ve

Brucella

cyclase within
intestine result
in secretion of
large fluid &
electrolytes
transmission by
faecal oral
routes
Brucellosis or
undulant fever (
zoonotic
disease )

Haemophi 1-pyogenic
lus
(purulent )
influenzae meningitis in
young children
below 5 years
old
2- pneumonia
(adult )
3- acute

flagellum at
one end )

3- blood agar : often produce beta

haemolytic colonies

1-Blood or
bone
marrow in
acute stage
2- serum
for serology

Small Gram
Ve
coccobacilli
or short rods

CSFnasopharyn
geal
specimens
pus
blood

Small Gram
Ve
coccobacillus
or short rod

B rucella is difficult to isolate & it

more isolated from blood in acute
brucellosis during time of fever
1- tryptone soya (tryptic soy )
diphasic medium :
B. abortus requiring CO2 & keep
for weeks with subculture every few
days
2- serum dextrose agar :
smooth,mucoid,rough colony
3- B. abortus & B. suis produce H2S
Grow best moist CO2 & media
contain haemin & NAD
( factor X ) or NADP ( factor V )
1-chocolate agar
2- satellitism test : S. aureus in blood
agar produce factor V & haemin
released by haemolysin enhance
growth of H. influenza

( specimens
must be

1-catalase :
+Ve
2-oxidase :
+Ve
3- urease : +Ve

1-Oxidase:+Ve
2-Nitrate
reduction :
+Ve

epiglottitis
( fatal airway
obstruction )
4- cellulitis

cultured as
soon as
possible &
not
refrigerate
d)
Bordetella Whooping cough Nasophary
pertussis ( infection of
ngeal
mucosa of upper secretion
respiratory tract collected by
)
aspiration

campyloba Enteritis
cter
watery diarrhea
or dysentery
( main source
are
unpasteurized
milk fecal oral
route )

Diarrheal
feces
contain
blood ,pus,
mucus

Helicobact Chronic gastritis Gastric

er pylori lead to
biopsy
ulceration &
stool -

Small
capsulated
Gram Ve
cocobacillus
( singly or in
chains )

Strict aerobic ( specimens must be

Oxidase : +Ve
cultured as soon as possible )
1- Charcoal cephalexin blood agar
( selective & enrichment media ) :
incubated for 2-6 days in CO2 moist
aerobically produce small mercury
like mucoid colonies

Spirally
curved motile
G-Ve , with
faecal smear
(1% basic
fuchsin)
Appear
linked to
wings of gulls
or "S" or
comma shape
Small spiral
or S shape GVe

Strictly microaerophilic reduired

(10% CO2 ) thermophilic ( 36 43
c)
1- Blood agar : non haemolytic
droplet like colonies
2- Butzler virion medium : selective
media

1- oxidase :
+Ve
2- catalase :
+Ve
3- Na
hippurate
hydrolysis :
+Ve

Microaerophilic required CO2

( grow slowly forming grey
translucent colonies within 3-7 days

1- oxidase :
+Ve
2- catalase :

may cause
gastric
carcinoma

serum for
serology

1- blood agar : slightly beta

haemolytic

+Ve
3- urease : +Ve

4- Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria

Bacteroide Abdominal
s fragilis infection

Pus
exudates-

G-Ve rods
Strict anaerobic they fastidious they
pleomorophic require media containing blood &

1- They
ferment wide

( particularly
following
surgery )
peritonitis
gynaecological
infections
( puerperal
sepsis )- lung ,
cerebral
abscesses soft
tissue infections

infection
tissue blood

menadione ( vit. K )
ranges of
1- blood agar ; grey , non haemolytic carbohydrates
colonies
( glucose
maltose
lactose )
2- Aesculin
hydrolysis :
+Ve
3- can grow in
20 % Bile
tolerant test

5- Anaerobic Gram positive spore forming bacilli

Clostridiu
m
perfringen
s
Clostridiu
m tetani
Clostridiu
m
botulinum
Clostridiu
m difficile

Gas gangrene
( myconecrosis )
food poisoning
Tetanus ( lockjaw ) , fatal
disease caused
by neurotoxin
Fatal food
poisoning cause
paralysis
( botulism )
Antibiotic
associated
diarrhea
( pseudomembra
nous colitis )

6-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive spore forming bacilli

Bacillus
anthracis

Anthrax
( cutaneous
pulmonary
meningoencepha
litis ) by
herbivore as
sheep, cattle,
goats

Bacillus
cereus

Food poisoning
from infected
rice & other
cereals
7-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive non spore forming bacilli

Corynebac
terium
diphtheria
e

Diphtheria
( nasal ,
nasopharyngeal ,
tonsillar
diphtheria ) in
young children
odema of neck
grey yellow
membrane , it
can block the

passage of air &

cause death
Listeria Meningitis &
monocytog septicemia
enes
mainly in
( neonate ,
pregnant women
, elderly persons
8- Spirochetes
Treponem Sexual
a
transmitted
pallidium disease cause
1- sexual
acquired
Syphilis
2-congenital
acquired
Syphilis
Leptospira Leptospirosis
interrogan ( Flu- like
s
illness ) by
infected animal
urine as dogs