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Lesson23

Motivation.
Whatismotivation?
ThewordmotivationcomesfromtheLatin"motus",whichmeansmoved,and
"motio"whichmeansmovement.
AccordingtoHaroldKoontz,motivationisagenerictermthatisappliedtoa
seriesofimpulses,desires,needs,wishesandsimilarforces.Thisistosaythat
administratorsmotivatetheirsubordinates,inotherwords,dothingswhichthey
hopetosatisfythoseimpulsesanddesiresandinducetheirsubordinatestoactin
adeterminedmanner.
Ashumanbeings,ourmotivationcanbeextremelycomplex,evencontradictory.
Somepeoplemaybemotivatedwiththedesireofacquiringgoodsorservices
suchasvehicles,ahouse,clothes,travels,etc.Atthesametime,anotherperson
maybemotivatedbyhiswishofahighersocialstatus,selfgrowth,etc.
Whataremotivators?
Intheconceptofmotivationwealsohavemotivators,whichaccordingtoKoontz
arethosethingsthatinduceapersontoreachahigherperformance.
Consequently,theyareallthoserewardsorincentivesthatadministratorsgive
theemployee,forthemtofeelenthusiasticwiththedevelopmentoftheirtasks.
Motivationorsatisfaction?
Twoconceptsthatareusuallyconfusedarethoseofmotivationandsatisfaction.
Asitwasstatedbefore,thefirstonreferstothedriveordesirethatapersonor
employeehastoachievesomethinginparticular;whilethesecond,referstothe
joyyouexperimentonceadesireisfulfilled.Inotherwords,motivationimplies
animpulsetowardaresult,whilesatisfactionisthereachedresult.
Sometheoriesaboutmotivation.
TheoryoftheHierarchyofNecessities..
Thistheoryisfocusedontheinternalneedsofpeople,createdbyAbraham
Maslow.Itpresentsfivetypesofnecessities,whichareclassifiedinhierarchy,
thus:

1.Physiologicalneeds:arethoseindispensableneedstokeepan
organicbalanceinanindividual,suchasfood,thirst,sleep,air,roof,
clothing,etc.
2.NeedofSafety:theyconstitutetheindividualdesireofbeingsafe

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bothphysicallyaswellaspsychologically.Herewecanmention
citizensafety,workstability,etc.
3.Needofbelonging:theneedtobelongtoagroupisvitalfor
people,whichiswhyaffectiverelationshipswithotherhuman
beingsareestablished.
4.Needofesteem::everypersonneedsacertaindegreeofpowerin
hisgroup,toberespectedandselfsufficient,aswellasstatusand
acknowledgment.
5.Needofselfgrowth:itconstitutesthetendencyofmentodevelop
hisownpotential.Itcanbeexpressedasthedesireofbecomingall
youcanbe,forexample,thedevelopmentofnewandcreativeideas,
academicandprofessionalachievements,etc.
XandYTheoryofmotivation.
DouglasMcGregorgavebirthtotheXandYtheory.Histhesisonhuman
capabilitiesandtheneedforselfgrowthisbasedintheoriesbyAbraham
MaslowandFrederickHerzberg.
TheXtheorystatesthathumansfeeldistasteandapathyforwork,whichthey
performinaforcedmannerandwouldprefertobetoldwhatandhowtodo
things.
Ontheotherhand,theYtheorysupportsthefactthatworkissomethingso
naturaltohumansassleepingorplayingis,thatpeoplearecapableofself
controlandselfdirected,thattheypossesagreatcreativecapability.
ForMcGregor,thestartingpointforadministrationrespondstothequestionon
howanadministratorseeshimselfinrelationtoothers.Fromthiswecan
conclude:
a)TheXtheoryispessimistic,staticandrigid.
b)TheYtheoryisoptimistic,dynamicandflexible.
c)Theoriesarebasedinimplications;theyarenotprescriptionsnor
suggestions.
d)Theydon'tnecessarilyimplyastrictadministrationtypenora
weakone.
e)Thesetheoriesarevisionsabouthumanbehavior.

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