CHAPTER 6 GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY

MUL TIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSPlease select the single best answer

1. Slow waves in small intestinal smooth muscle cells are

A. action potentials
B. phasic contractions
C. tonic contractions
D. oscillating resting membrane potentials
E. oscillating release of cholecystokininCCK
2. Which of the following substances is released from neurons in the GI tract and
produces smooth muscle relaxation?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CholecystokininCCK
D. Vasoactive intestinal peptideVIP
E. Gastric inhibitory peptideGIP
3. Which of the following is characteristic of saliva

A. Hypotonicity relative to plasma

B. A lower HCO3- concentration than plasma
C. The presence of proteases
D. Secretion rate that is increased by vagotomy
E. Modification by the salivary ductal cells involves reabsorption of K+ and HCO34. Which of the following is the site of secretion of gastrin?
A. Gastric antrum
B. Gastric fundus
C. Duodenum
D. Ileum

E. Colon
5. Secretion of which of the following substances is inhibited by low pH?

A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CholecystokininCCK
D. Vasoactive intestinal peptideVIP
E. Gastric inhibitory peptideGIP
6. When parietal cells are stimulatedthey secrete

A. HCl and intrinsic factor

B. HCl and pepsinogen
C. HCl and HCO3D. HCO3- and intrinsic factor
E. mucus and pepsino gen
7. Which of the following abolishes receptive relaxationof the stomach?

A. Parasympathetic stimulation
B. Sympathetic stimulation
C. Vaotomy
D. Administration of gastrin
E. Administration of vasoactive intestinal peptideVIP
8. Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor?

A. Gastric antrum
B. Gastric fundus
C. Duodenum
D. Ileum
E. Colon
9. Which of the following is true about the secretion from the exocrine pancreas?

A. It has a higher Cl- concentration than does plasma.

B. It is stimulated by the presence of HCO3- in the duodenum.
C. Pancreatic HCO3- secretion is increased by gastrin.
D. Pancreatic enzyme secretion is increased by cholecystokininCCK.
E. It is hypotomic.
10. Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

A. Pancreatic amylasestarch
B. Elastasetissues rich in elastin
C. Enteropeptidasepolypeptides
D. Rennincoagulated milk
E. Lingual lipasedigestion in the stomach
11. Which of the following has the highest pH?
A. Gastric juice
B. Bile in the gallbladder
C. Pancreatic juice
D. Saliva
E. Secretions of the intestinal glands
12. CholecystokininCCK has some gastrin like properties because both CCK and
gastrin

A. are released from G cells in the stomach

B. are released from I cells in the duodenum
C. are members of the secretin-homologous family
D. have five identical C-terminal amino acids
E. have 90% homology of their amino acids
13. Which of the following is the site of Na+-bile acid cotransport?
A. Gastric antrum

B. Gastric fundus
C. Duodenum
D. Ileum
E. Colon
14. Peristalsis of the small intestine

A. mines the food bolus

B. is coordinated by the central nervous systemCNS
C. involves contraction of smooth muscle behind and in front of the food bolus
D. involves contraction of smooth muscle behind the food bolus and relaxation of
smooth muscle in front of the bolus
E. involves relaxation of smooth muscle simultaneously throughout the small
intestine
15. Which of the following changes occurs during defecation?

A. Internal anal sphincter is relaxed

B. External anal sphincter is contracted
C. Rectal smooth muscle is relaxed
D. Intra-abdominal pressure is lower than when at rest
E. Segmentation contractions predominate
16. In infantsdefecation of ten follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in
this situation is

A. the gastroileal reflex
B. increased circulating levels of CCK
C. the gastrocolic reflex
D. increased circulating levels of somatostatin
E. the enterogastric reflex
17. Water is absorbed in the jejunumileumand colon and excreted in the feces.
Arrange these in order of the amount of water absorbed or excreted from greatest
to smallest

A. colonjejunumileumfeces
B. fecescolonileumjejunum
C. jejunumileumcolonfeces
D. colonileumjejunumfeces
E. fecesjejunumileumcolon
18. Which of the following substances must be further digested before it can be
absorbed by specific carriers in intestinal cells?

A. Fructose
B. Sucrose
C. Alanine
D. Dipeptides
E. Tripeptides
19. The pathway from the intestinal lumen to the circulating blood for a short-chain
fatty acid10 carbon atomsis

A. intestinal mucosal cellchylomicronslymphatic ductsystemic venous blood
B. intestinal mucosal cellhepatic portal vein bloodsystemic venous blood
C. space between mucosal cellslymphatic ductsystemic venous blood
D. space between mucosal cellschylomicronslymphatic ductsystemic venous
blood
E. intestinal mucosal cellLDLhepatic portal vein bloodsystemic venous blood
TERMS
1. Basic electrical rhythmBERor slow waves
2. GastrointestinalGIhormones
3. Receptive relaxation Storage function of the stomach
4. Mucus-HCO3--barrier
5. Intrinsic factor
QUESTIONS

1. Explain the gastric secretion including the composition and physiological

function of the gastric juicethe regulation of gastric secretion.
2. Describe the pancreatic secretionincluding the composition and physiological
function of the pancreatic juicethe regulation of pancreatic secretion.
3. Describe the biliary secretionincluding the composition and physiological
function of the bile.
ANSWERS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. C
11. C
12. D
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. C
17. C
18. B
19. B

What is reabsorbed through loop of Henle?

Glucose
CO2
Potassium
Water
Question 2 WRONG
Why do we urinate more in wet and cold months?
Kidney becomes more active
Increase of ADH secretion
Sweating is much reduced
Impairment of water absorption in nephron
Question 3 WRONG
When the infection invades the urinary bladder, it is called
Cystitis
Urethritis
Pyelonephritis
Hemodialysis
Question 4 WRONG
When the infection is localized in the urethra, it is called

Urethritis
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Hemodialysis
Question 5 WRONG
Which of the following hormones is involved in regulating the water-salt balance of
the blood?
Cortisone
Aldosterone
ADH
ANH
Question 6 WRONG
Which of the following hormones promotes the excretion of potassium ions and the
reabsorption of sodium ions?
Aldosterone
Rennin
ADH
None of these
Question 7 WRONG
Which of the following leads to the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex?
Chymotrypsin
Trypsin
Renin
None of these
Question 8 WRONG
Which of the following structures facilitates easy passage of small molecules to the
glomerular capsule?

Loop of the nephron

Peritubular capillary
Convoluted tubule
Glomerulus
Question 9 WRONG
Which of the two waste products are removed from the blood in liver by Ornithine
cycle?
Urea and CO2
Uric acid and ammonia
Ammonia and CO2
Urea and ammonia
Question 10 WRONG
Which one of following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human
nephron?
Afferent arteriole : Carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein
Podocytes : Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the
Bowman's capsule
Henle's loop : Most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular
filtrate
Distal convoluted tubule: Reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood
capillaries
Question 11 WRONG
Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?
Loops of Henle
Peritubular capillaries
Convoluted tubules
Collecting ducts
Question 12 WRONG

Which one of the following secreted by posterior pituitary regulates water retention
by the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Thyroxine
Erythropoietin
Question 13 WRONG
Volume of urine is regulated by
Aldosterone
Aldosterone and testosterone
ADH
Aldosterone and ADH
Question 14 WRONG
One of the followings is a nonsteroid hormones secreted by the atria of the heart
and helps regulate blood pressure.
Erythropoietin
Antidiuretic hormone
Thyroxine
Atrial natriuretic hormone
Question 15 WRONG
What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally
removed?
There will be no micturition
Urine will not collect in the bladder
Micturition will continue
Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder