Project Scope

Given a data set of profiles of mRNA expression that contain distinct adenocarcinoma
subclasses classify human lung carcinomas.

Data Set
This data set contains 56 variables measured on 12,625 genes using Affymetrix GeneChip
95av2 (dedicated to acquiring, analyzing and managing complex genetic information). Of
the 56 variables measured 20 lung carcinoid (Carcinoid), 13 are related to the metastasis
of colon cancer (colon) 17 normal lung function (Normal) and 6 to lung small cell
carcinoma (SmallCell).

STEP 1: Data Manipulation

Missing data & Format
The first step is assuring that the data set is suitable for the analysis. We are checking
whether the format of the data is suitable for our analysis and whether there are missing
values. The format has been changed to numeric in order for the analyze to be taken care
of . No missing data was in the data set.
Extreme values
We are using PROC UNIVARIATE to search for extreme values among out 56 variables.
We see that our data set has indeed extreme values. We expect somehow this behavior as
we are analyzing cancer cells which vary in size. As a consequence we will eliminate the
outliers which have high values for the normal cells as this cells should have values that
are not further from 3 standard deviation from the mean and smallcells. Data was
standardized, although as the data set consists of variables measured in the same unit of
measurement it would not affect the calculation of distances between clusters. We will
keep in consequence the outliers for the colon cells and carcinoid. From our initial data
base of 12,625 observations we will end up with a 11279 observation data base.
Getting an intuition over the data
We are interested to know whether or not the variables are linked between. As the results
from PROC CORR indicate, the variables are strongly correlated. Our intuition that each
type of variable Normal, Colon, Carcinoid and SmallCell are more correlated between
their own type then lets say Colon and Normal cell is confirmed by the results given by
the division into clusters using principal components as a criteria. We will specify the

number of clusters to be 4. We will obtain a cluster (CLUSTER 1) with Normal Cells and
half of the Small Cells, a cluster(CLUSTER 3) with colon cells and 2 clusters with
Carcinoids, one of them having the rest of the small cells (CLUSTER 2) and the other
one variable concerning Colon variables. The full table is to be found in the ANNEX.

STEP 2: Choosing the right number of

clusters
In finding the right clusters, three approaches in manipulating our initial variables have
been used:
1. Computing 56 canonical variables PROC ACECLUS
2. Reducing the number of variables to 10 PROC VARCLUS
3. Standardizing our initial 56 variables PROC STANDARD
However when comparing the Cubic Clustering Criteria, only the latter was found
appropriate to continue our analysis.
As we do not know prior the number of clusters, we will apply automatic clustering
methods to figure out the exact number. The data set is to vast to apply directly the SAS
procedure CLUSTER, so we will first apply FASTCLUS to find a set of initial cluters
which will be used as input for PROC CLUSTER.
We choose the number of maximum clusters for the FASTCLUST procedure 53 as the
square root of our total number of observations (11279) devided by 2. As there were
clusters with few observations, those with fewer than 9 were deleted and the rest became
seeds for a second FASTCLUST procedure. We are using the output containing clusters
as an input for the CLUSTER procedure.
The criteria used in our clusterisation is the Ward distance. This meant that a loss of
inertia resulted in the fusion of two classes, as a consequence it seeks to have a low
interclass inertia. It is calculates using the square of the distances of two barycenteres
divided by 1/the number of individuals in the corresponding class.

1. Computing 56 canonical variables PROC ACECLUS

In order to compute canonical variables for subsequent cluster analysis we obtain

approximate estimates of the pooled within-cluster covariance matrix by using PROC
ACECLUS. As our database contained a big number of data we choose 0.1 to be our
within cluster covariance coefficient. Data with poorly separated or elongated patterns
need to be transformed. Also, variables with different units of measurement or with
different size variances will need to be transformed as well. In our case only the former is
true as all the variables use the same unit of measure. For clusterization to be done it is
advisable to have spherical clusters rather than elongates elliptical clusters.
We can apply this technique directly on the data without prior clusterization as there is no
need for prior knowledge on cluster membership or number of clusters.
However the Clustering Criteria below fail to validate the data as appropriate for our
analysis. The negative value of the CCC indicates a strong presence of outliers in the data
set, which makes it difficult to find an appropriate number of clusters.
In consequence we will try to reduce the number of variables that are being used.
FIG1. Clustering Criteria for the clusters obtained on canonical variables

2. Reducing the number of variables to 10 PROC VARCLUS

The correlation between our variables is high as the result from the PROC CORR show .

FIG2- PROC CORR-best 8- correlation between variables.

In consequence we can reduce our number of variables. In order to reduce our 56

variables to a smaller number we will use PROC VARCLUS. This procedure will output
our variables into a number of clusters from which we will select a few variables that are
most representative for the subsequent cluster and use it in our analysis. This procedure is
closely related to the principal component procedure, finding the groups of variables that
are as correlated as possible among themselves and as uncorrelated as possible with
variables in other clusters.
For our analysis we choose rather than the number of clusters the threshold for
identifying additional dimensions within equal to 0.8. From each cluster we choose one
variable which had the lowest 1-R**2 value as it contributed the most to the subsequent
cluster .

We choosed as a consequence : Normal7 Carcinoid4 Carcinoid19 Carcinoid18

Carcinoid6 Colon5 Colon12 Colon3 SmallCell3

Table 1

SmallCell4 Colon10.

Classification of variables in 10 distinct clusters

10 classes
r carr avec Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable
Classe
Variable Propre Le plus
classe proche
Cluster 1

Normal1

0.5776 0.4322

0.7440

Normal1

Normal2

0.7216 0.4075

0.4699

Normal2

Normal3

0.7099 0.3027

0.4161

Normal3

10 classes
Classe

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

r carr avec

Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable

Variable

Propre Le plus
classe proche

Normal4

0.6246 0.3060

0.5409

Normal4

Normal5

0.8154 0.3919

0.3036

Normal5

Normal6

0.7852 0.4063

0.3618

Normal6

Normal7

0.7112 0.4114

0.4907

Normal7

Normal8

0.7808 0.4384

0.3904

Normal8

Normal9

0.7855 0.3485

0.3292

Normal9

Normal10

0.7179 0.4627

0.5250

Normal10

Normal11

0.6125 0.2770

0.5359

Normal11

Normal13

0.5408 0.3959

0.7603

Normal13

Normal14

0.6168 0.3040

0.5506

Normal14

Normal15

0.5465 0.3721

0.7222

Normal15

Normal16

0.6182 0.2556

0.5129

Normal16

Normal17

0.6962 0.3395

0.4600

Normal17

Carcinoid2 0.7208 0.4011

0.4663

Carcinoid2

Carcinoid3 0.5375 0.1325

0.5332

Carcinoid3

Carcinoid4 0.7874 0.2760

0.2937

Carcinoid4

Carcinoid9 0.7170 0.3094

0.4097

Carcinoid9

Carcinoid14 0.6630 0.1973

0.4199

Carcinoid14

Carcinoid15 0.7679 0.3107

0.3368

Carcinoid15

Carcinoid16 0.6685 0.1959

0.4122

Carcinoid16

Carcinoid17 0.7478 0.4225

0.4367

Carcinoid17

Colon2

0.5300 0.1949

0.5837

Colon2

Colon4

0.6529 0.3772

0.5573

Colon4

Colon5

0.6688 0.1567

0.3928

Colon5

Colon7

0.5610 0.2561

0.5901

Colon7

Colon8

0.5945 0.2326

0.5283

Colon8

Colon9

0.4309 0.1879

0.7008

Colon9

10 classes
Classe

Cluster 4

Cluster 6

Cluster 7

Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable

Variable

Propre Le plus
classe proche

Colon10

0.5334 0.1981

0.5818

Colon10

Colon11

0.5477 0.2664

0.6166

Colon11

Carcinoid1 0.7041 0.3215

0.4360

Carcinoid1

Carcinoid5 0.3161 0.1972

0.8519

Carcinoid5

Carcinoid7 0.6917 0.3549

0.4778

Carcinoid7

Carcinoid10 0.3658 0.1754

0.7691

Carcinoid10

Carcinoid12 0.7055 0.3482

0.4519

Carcinoid12

Carcinoid13 0.7094 0.3875

0.4745

Carcinoid13

Carcinoid19 0.7206 0.3585

0.4355

Carcinoid19

Carcinoid20 0.7007 0.4087

0.5062

Carcinoid20

0.4108 0.3121

0.8565

Normal12

Carcinoid6 0.8378 0.2576

0.2185

Carcinoid6

Carcinoid8 0.8310 0.3032

0.2425

Carcinoid8

Carcinoid11 0.7852 0.2763

0.2968

Carcinoid11

SmallCell2 0.5349 0.1577

0.5522

SmallCell2

SmallCell3 0.7381 0.1753

0.3176

SmallCell3

SmallCell5 0.7062 0.2283

0.3807

SmallCell5

SmallCell6 0.5383 0.2274

0.5976

SmallCell6

Normal12
Cluster 5

r carr avec

Colon6

0.6001 0.1719

0.4829

Colon6

Colon12

0.7246 0.2947

0.3904

Colon12

Colon13

0.5620 0.2061

0.5517

Colon13

Cluster 8 Carcinoid18 0.6827 0.1944

0.3939

Carcinoid18

0.6827 0.2248

0.4093

Colon1

SmallCell1 0.6772 0.1897

0.3983

SmallCell1

SmallCell4 0.6772 0.1536

0.3814

SmallCell4

0.0000

Colon3

Colon1
Cluster 9
Cluster 10

Colon3

1.0000 0.0970

FIG 3 Variable classification result

When we executed our clustering procedure we obtained an improvement in the criteria ,

but still not good enough for a further analysis. The CCC criteria indicates a lower
presence of a outliers and thus a better chance for obtaining a satisfying clusterisation .
However the pseudo t square indicates in the are where CCC value allows for a
clusterisation, a good number of clusters to be 15, as it is the number which indicates a
surge followed by a drop. This number is rather big for our data of 10 variables and
difficult to interpret in a proper manner as a consequence. We will continue our analysis
on all the variables on which standardization has been performed.
FIG4. Clustering Criteria for the clusters obtained on 10 variables

3. Standardized variables PROC STANDARD

Our third attempt consists in running PROC CLUSTER on standardized data with no
outliers for the normal and smallcell variables.
We are looking for a Cubic Clustering Criteria (CCC) which is greater than 0 as well as
local maximum and local maximum for the Pseudo F and Pseudo t square Criteria. As we
do not observe a local spike in the Pseudo F statistic plot, we will use the pseudo t square
as a criteria. We see that there are several local spikes, but we will take into consideration
only those grater or equal to 11, ass for the others the CCC is negative indicating the
presence of outliers. We will choose 12 clusters which is equal to K+1, K being the
number of clusters where pseudo T square was a local maximum.

FIG5. Clustering Criteria for the clusters standardize variables

The resulted classification is comprised in the table below. The results are robust as there
is no class with few observations.
FIG 6 Final clusters

FIG 7 Dendogram obtained from the cluster procedure

We want to study the characteristics of each cluster. In order to do that we will look at the
classification obtained by the VARCLUS procedure and we will create 4 variables which
we will use to highlight the difference between the clusters we obtained.
FIG 8 Characteristics of clusters found

Interpretation of cluster values

The clusters which include most of our observations are cluster number 3, 4 and 11.
Clusters 3 and 11 are distinguishable as they contain values closer to 0. We can interpret
this observations as being less prone to having a medical problem. Cluster 1 contains the
fewest number of observations, however all the variables displayed high values,
indicating a set of individuals which have a medical condition that is worst then the rest
of the observations. Individuals from the 5th Cluster also exhibit a salient pattern as the
value for the Colon cell is greater than the rest of the Colon values. The Carcinoid1 and
Carcinoid2 have also striking low negative values. The values from the Carcinoid1 and
Carcinoid2 display values that are somehow similar for each cluster.

REFERENCES
Variable Reduction for Modeling using PROC VARCLUS, Bryan D. Nelson
http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi26/p261-26.pdf
A Methodological approach to performing cluster analysis with SAS, William F.
McCarthy
http://analytics.ncsu.edu/sesug/2007/DM05.pdf
SAS Institute Inc.SAS/STAT Users Guide, Version 8, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.,
1999
https://ciser.cornell.edu/sasdoc/saspdf/stat/chap16.pdf
Data Mining et Statistique Decisionelle, Stphane Tuffry
http://data.mining.free.fr/cours/Descriptives.pdf

ANNEX
Results of PROC VARCLUS on a given number of 4 clusters
4 classes
r carr avec Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable
Classe
Variable Propre Le plus
classe proche
Cluster 1

Normal1

0.5759 0.4497

0.7707

Normal1

Normal2

0.7123 0.4297

0.5045

Normal2

Normal3

0.7042 0.3347

0.4446

Normal3

Normal4

0.6145 0.3086

0.5575

Normal4

Normal5

0.8057 0.3996

0.3236

Normal5

Normal6

0.7870 0.4343

0.3765

Normal6

Normal7

0.7050 0.4419

0.5286

Normal7

Normal8

0.7764 0.4810

0.4308

Normal8

Normal9

0.7807 0.3743

0.3505

Normal9

Normal10

0.7144 0.4917

0.5620

Normal10

Normal11

0.6122 0.2759

0.5355

Normal11

Normal13

0.5389 0.4305

0.8098

Normal13

Normal14

0.6134 0.3293

0.5764

Normal14

Normal15

0.5398 0.3839

0.7469

Normal15

Normal16

0.6145 0.2525

0.5157

Normal16

Normal17

0.6947 0.3544

0.4729

Normal17

SmallCell2 0.1319 0.0173

0.8835

SmallCell2

SmallCell3 0.1727 0.0407

0.8624

SmallCell3

SmallCell6 0.2829 0.1281

0.8225

SmallCell6

Cluster 2 Carcinoid2 0.7112 0.4379

0.5138

Carcinoid2

Carcinoid3 0.5221 0.1459

0.5595

Carcinoid3

Carcinoid4 0.7768 0.2583

0.3009

Carcinoid4

Carcinoid9 0.6935 0.3199

0.4506

Carcinoid9

4 classes
Classe

Cluster 3

Variable

r carr avec
Propre Le plus
classe proche

Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable

Carcinoid14 0.6603 0.1824

0.4155

Carcinoid14

Carcinoid15 0.7405 0.3248

0.3843

Carcinoid15

Carcinoid16 0.6643 0.2120

0.4260

Carcinoid16

Carcinoid17 0.7396 0.4638

0.4857

Carcinoid17

SmallCell1 0.2858 0.1533

0.8435

SmallCell1

SmallCell4 0.0617 0.0057

0.9437

SmallCell4

SmallCell5 0.1136 0.0698

0.9529

SmallCell5

Colon2

0.4956 0.0987

0.5597

Colon2

Colon3

0.1472 0.0642

0.9113

Colon3

Colon4

0.6775 0.0912

0.3549

Colon4

Colon5

0.5922 0.1323

0.4700

Colon5

Colon6

0.2904 0.0362

0.7363

Colon6

Colon7

0.5091 0.2763

0.6783

Colon7

Colon8

0.5530 0.2569

0.6015

Colon8

Colon9

0.4197 0.1813

0.7087

Colon9

Colon10

0.4903 0.1314

0.5868

Colon10

Colon11

0.5567 0.1919

0.5486

Colon11

Colon12

0.4449 0.0553

0.5876

Colon12

Colon13

0.3369 0.0934

0.7315

Colon13

Cluster 4 Carcinoid1 0.6485 0.3165

0.5142

Carcinoid1

Carcinoid5 0.3241 0.1925

0.8369

Carcinoid5

Carcinoid6 0.4246 0.2670

0.7850

Carcinoid6

Carcinoid7 0.6180 0.3510

0.5887

Carcinoid7

Carcinoid8 0.4619 0.2834

0.7509

Carcinoid8

Carcinoid10 0.3452 0.1753

0.7940

Carcinoid10

Carcinoid11 0.3911 0.2645

0.8279

Carcinoid11

Carcinoid12 0.6441 0.3407

0.5398

Carcinoid12

4 classes
Classe

r carr avec

Variable

Propre Le plus
classe proche

Rapport Libell de
1-R**2 la variable

Carcinoid13 0.6721 0.3800

0.5288

Carcinoid13

Carcinoid18 0.2518 0.1611

0.8919

Carcinoid18

Carcinoid19 0.6462 0.3467

0.5415

Carcinoid19

Carcinoid20 0.6727 0.3954

0.5414

Carcinoid20

Colon1

0.2930 0.2116

0.8967

Colon1

Normal12

0.4199 0.3089

0.8395

Normal12

Best 8 correlation between the 56 variables

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625
Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid20

Norma
l1

Norma
l10

Carcin
oid1

1.0000
0

0.7604
3

0.6685
2

0.6541
9

0.6433
8

0.6135
1

0.5590
3

0.5151
9

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid2

1.0000
0

0.8278
8

0.7079
5

0.7029
4

0.6935
7

0.6066
1

0.6014
5

0.5900
6

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid3

1.0000
0

0.6663
0

0.6439
4

0.5543
1

0.5488
5

0.5256
8

0.5197
1

0.5135
7

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid4

1.0000
0

0.7375
5

0.7342
7

0.7068
9

0.7029
4

0.7023
0

0.6991
5

0.6439
4

Carcin
oid5

Carcin
oid5

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid6

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid15

Carcin

1.0000

0.4556

0.4350

0.4316

0.4312

0.4238

0.4219

0.4140

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

oid5

Carcin
oid6

Carcin
oid6

Carcin
oid8

Carcin
oid11

Carcin
oid17

Norma
l1

Carcin
oid2

Norma
l10

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid6

1.0000
0

0.7698
6

0.7098
5

0.4923
7

0.4892
7

0.4881
8

0.4719
7

0.4632
0

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid20

Norma
l10

Norma
l1

Carcin
oid7

1.0000
0

0.7604
3

0.6663
7

0.6599
3

0.6472
7

0.6124
2

0.5562
0

0.5406
2

Carcin
oid8

Carcin
oid8

Carcin
oid6

Carcin
oid11

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Norma
l1

Norma
l8

Norma
l10

Carcin
oid8

1.0000
0

0.7698
6

0.7005
4

0.5568
8

0.5466
2

0.5260
2

0.5167
3

0.5160
4

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid9

1.0000
0

0.7787
2

0.7079
5

0.7068
9

0.6871
4

0.6444
5

0.6083
3

0.5135
7

Carcin
oid10

Carcin
oid10

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid19

Norma
l8

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid10

1.0000
0

0.4649
8

0.4339
4

0.4292
2

0.4276
4

0.4274
4

0.4249
1

0.4212
9

Carcin
oid11

Carcin
oid11

Carcin
oid6

Carcin
oid8

Norma
l8

Norma
l10

Norma
l2

Norma
l7

Norma
l13

Carcin
oid11

1.0000
0

0.7098
5

0.7005
4

0.5216
1

0.5105
8

0.4785
1

0.4728
0

0.4609
2

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid7

Norma
l10

Norma
l8

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

Carcin
oid12

1.0000
0

0.7121
7

0.6872
2

0.6685
2

0.6662
1

0.6472
7

0.5449
2

0.5348
9

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid1

Norma
l8

Norma
l7

Carcin
oid13

1.0000
0

0.7225
8

0.7121
7

0.6764
1

0.6599
3

0.6541
9

0.5834
2

0.5801
7

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid14

1.0000
0

0.7342
7

0.6880
9

0.6444
5

0.6356
5

0.6066
1

0.5946
9

0.5488
5

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid15

1.0000
0

0.7787
2

0.7375
5

0.7297
6

0.6935
7

0.6880
9

0.6593
0

0.5543
1

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid16

1.0000
0

0.7023
0

0.6663
0

0.6593
0

0.6589
7

0.6083
3

0.6014
5

0.5946
9

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid15

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid9

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid14

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid17

1.0000
0

0.8278
8

0.7297
6

0.6991
5

0.6871
4

0.6589
7

0.6356
5

0.6275
1

Carcin
oid18

Carcin
oid18

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid13

Norma
l6

Norma
l8

Colon
1

Norma
l3

Carcin
oid18

1.0000
0

0.4077
4

0.3923
7

0.3876
9

0.3824
4

0.3775
2

0.3653
8

0.3651
2

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid12

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin

1.0000

0.7560

0.6872

0.6764

0.6663

0.6433

0.5772

0.5687

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

oid19

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid19

Carcin
oid13

Carcin
oid12

Norma
l10

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid1

Carcin
oid7

Carcin
oid20

1.0000
0

0.7560
3

0.7225
8

0.6662
1

0.6281
8

0.6275
1

0.6135
1

0.6124
2

Colon
1

Colon
1

Colon
10

Colon
8

Carcin
oid20

Carcin
oid13

Colon
7

Carcin
oid12

Colon
5

Colon1

1.0000
0

0.5239
1

0.4710
7

0.4694
8

0.4644
2

0.4627
9

0.4269
5

0.3958
4

Colon
2

Colon
2

Colon
5

Colon
8

Colon
11

Colon
4

Colon
10

Colon
9

Colon
7

Colon2

1.0000
0

0.5371
5

0.5055
3

0.5000
5

0.4967
4

0.4867
1

0.4504
8

0.4145
1

Colon
3

Colon
3

Colon
7

Colon
13

Carcin
oid15

Colon
11

Colon
9

Colon
10

Carcin
oid17

Colon3

1.0000
0

0.3429
8

0.3000
4

0.2962
8

0.2727
8

0.2538
8

0.2479
5

0.2451
5

Colon
4

Colon
4

Colon
5

Colon
11

Colon
12

Colon
8

Colon
10

Colon
2

Colon
7

Colon4

1.0000
0

0.7651
1

0.5735
0

0.5538
9

0.5403
4

0.5076
0

0.4967
4

0.4875
7

Colon
5

Colon
5

Colon
4

Colon
10

Colon
7

Colon
2

Colon
8

Colon
11

Colon
9

Colon5

1.0000
0

0.7651
1

0.6192
5

0.5372
6

0.5371
5

0.5192
3

0.4719
5

0.4028
8

Colon
6

Colon
6

Colon
12

Colon
4

Colon
11

Colon
9

Colon
13

Colon
2

Colon
8

Colon6

1.0000
0

0.5128
1

0.4179
7

0.3977
1

0.3462
8

0.3340
0

0.3276
8

0.3124
2

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

Colon
7

Colon
7

Colon
8

Colon
5

Colon
11

Colon
10

Colon
4

Colon
9

Colon
1

Colon7

1.0000
0

0.5546
6

0.5372
6

0.5336
2

0.4906
3

0.4875
7

0.4875
5

0.4627
9

Colon
8

Colon
8

Colon
7

Colon
4

Colon
10

Colon
11

Colon
5

Colon
2

Colon
12

Colon8

1.0000
0

0.5546
6

0.5403
4

0.5343
7

0.5216
6

0.5192
3

0.5055
3

0.4791
2

Colon
9

Colon
9

Colon
7

Colon
11

Carcin
oid7

Colon
2

Colon
8

Colon
4

Carcin
oid15

Colon9

1.0000
0

0.4875
5

0.4631
6

0.4532
9

0.4504
8

0.4457
1

0.4257
1

0.4148
3

Colon
10

Colon
10

Colon
5

Colon
8

Colon
1

Colon
4

Colon
7

Colon
2

Colon
13

Colon1
0

1.0000
0

0.6192
5

0.5343
7

0.5239
1

0.5076
0

0.4906
3

0.4867
1

0.4124
1

Colon
11

Colon
11

Colon
4

Colon
7

Colon
8

Colon
2

Colon
12

Colon
5

Colon
9

Colon1
1

1.0000
0

0.5735
0

0.5336
2

0.5216
6

0.5000
5

0.4723
7

0.4719
5

0.4631
6

Colon
12

Colon
12

Colon
4

Colon
6

Colon
8

Colon
13

Colon
11

Colon
2

Colon
5

Colon1
2

1.0000
0

0.5538
9

0.5128
1

0.4791
2

0.4769
8

0.4723
7

0.3953
6

0.3772
4

Colon
13

Colon
13

Colon
4

Colon
12

Colon
10

Colon
11

Colon
6

Colon
2

Norma
l14

Colon1
3

1.0000
0

0.4848
6

0.4769
8

0.4124
1

0.3516
1

0.3340
0

0.3234
7

0.3228
9

Norm
al1

Norma
l1

Norma
l6

Norma
l8

Norma
l13

Norma
l9

Norma
l10

Norma
l5

Norma
l15

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

Norma
l1

1.0000
0

0.7158
0

0.6832
7

0.6564
2

0.6551
3

0.6410
9

0.6378
9

0.6091
6

Norm
al2

Norma
l2

Norma
l10

Norma
l5

Norma
l7

Norma
l17

Norma
l8

Norma
l9

Norma
l3

Norma
l2

1.0000
0

0.8137
7

0.7614
9

0.7540
2

0.7338
3

0.7328
9

0.7210
5

0.6848
3

Norm
al3

Norma
l3

Norma
l9

Norma
l7

Norma
l5

Norma
l6

Norma
l8

Norma
l16

Norma
l14

Norma
l3

1.0000
0

0.7868
1

0.7741
7

0.7638
6

0.7623
4

0.7505
0

0.6870
2

0.6859
9

Norm
al4

Norma
l4

Norma
l5

Norma
l8

Norma
l6

Norma
l3

Norma
l2

Norma
l16

Norma
l17

Norma
l4

1.0000
0

0.7413
9

0.6950
2

0.6887
2

0.6491
3

0.6464
4

0.6456
3

0.6361
5

Norm
al5

Norma
l5

Norma
l9

Norma
l17

Norma
l3

Norma
l2

Norma
l6

Norma
l8

Norma
l4

Norma
l5

1.0000
0

0.7923
3

0.7775
2

0.7638
6

0.7614
9

0.7549
8

0.7513
1

0.7413
9

Norm
al6

Norma
l6

Norma
l9

Norma
l8

Norma
l3

Norma
l5

Norma
l7

Norma
l1

Norma
l10

Norma
l6

1.0000
0

0.7751
9

0.7740
7

0.7623
4

0.7549
8

0.7320
8

0.7158
0

0.7105
4

Norm
al7

Norma
l7

Norma
l8

Norma
l10

Norma
l3

Norma
l9

Norma
l2

Norma
l5

Norma
l6

Norma
l7

1.0000
0

0.7826
9

0.7814
7

0.7741
7

0.7633
9

0.7540
2

0.7375
3

0.7320
8

Norm
al8

Norma
l8

Norma
l9

Norma
l7

Norma
l6

Norma
l5

Norma
l3

Norma
l10

Norma
l2

Norma
l8

1.0000
0

0.8238
5

0.7826
9

0.7740
7

0.7513
1

0.7505
0

0.7407
6

0.7328
9

Norm

Norma

Norma

Norma

Norma

Norma

Norma

Norma

Norma

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

al9

l9

l8

l5

l3

l6

l7

l17

l16

Norma
l9

1.0000
0

0.8238
5

0.7923
3

0.7868
1

0.7751
9

0.7633
9

0.7601
4

0.7299
7

Norm
al10

Norma
l10

Norma
l2

Norma
l7

Norma
l8

Norma
l5

Norma
l6

Norma
l17

Norma
l9

Norma
l10

1.0000
0

0.8137
7

0.7814
7

0.7407
6

0.7143
7

0.7105
4

0.7090
8

0.7049
7

Norm
al11

Norma
l11

Norma
l5

Norma
l17

Norma
l16

Norma
l6

Norma
l9

Norma
l10

Norma
l2

Norma
l11

1.0000
0

0.7089
6

0.7030
7

0.6995
7

0.6759
2

0.6717
7

0.6627
3

0.6350
7

Norm
al12

Norma
l12

Norma
l1

Norma
l10

Norma
l13

Norma
l8

Carcin
oid20

Norma
l6

Carcin
oid17

Norma
l12

1.0000
0

0.6047
7

0.5749
8

0.5488
3

0.5196
3

0.5191
0

0.5189
6

0.5150
2

Norm
al13

Norma
l13

Norma
l10

Norma
l6

Norma
l1

Norma
l2

Norma
l5

Norma
l8

Norma
l7

Norma
l13

1.0000
0

0.6810
0

0.6803
7

0.6564
2

0.6321
4

0.6226
1

0.6041
7

0.5809
9

Norm
al14

Norma
l14

Norma
l8

Norma
l3

Norma
l9

Norma
l5

Norma
l7

Norma
l2

Norma
l6

Norma
l14

1.0000
0

0.7216
9

0.6859
9

0.6772
8

0.6763
6

0.6736
4

0.6717
3

0.6487
0

Norm
al15

Norma
l15

Norma
l5

Norma
l6

Norma
l4

Norma
l1

Norma
l8

Norma
l16

Norma
l3

Norma
l15

1.0000
0

0.6950
2

0.6599
4

0.6147
4

0.6091
6

0.5953
8

0.5935
8

0.5906
7

Norm
al16

Norma
l16

Norma
l5

Norma
l9

Norma
l6

Norma
l11

Norma
l3

Norma
l4

Norma
l17

Norma
l16

1.0000
0

0.7301
0

0.7299
7

0.7048
4

0.6995
7

0.6870
2

0.6456
3

0.6178
4

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

Norm
al17

Norma
l17

Norma
l5

Norma
l9

Norma
l2

Norma
l8

Norma
l10

Norma
l11

Norma
l6

Norma
l17

1.0000
0

0.7775
2

0.7601
4

0.7338
3

0.7288
6

0.7090
8

0.7030
7

0.6895
4

Small
Cell1

Small
Cell1

Small
Cell5

Carcin
oid4

Carcin
oid17

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid16

Carcin
oid14

Small
Cell3

Small
Cell1

1.0000
0

0.4347
0

0.4177
0

0.4078
1

0.3912
3

0.3800
7

0.3740
0

0.3724
0

Small
Cell2

Small
Cell2

Small
Cell5

Small
Cell3

Small
Cell4

Norma
l17

Small
Cell6

Norma
l11

Norma
l16

Small
Cell2

1.0000
0

0.5208
0

0.4810
7

0.4168
8

0.3574
3

0.3528
8

0.3151
6

0.2900
2

Small
Cell3

Small
Cell3

Small
Cell5

Small
Cell6

Small
Cell2

Small
Cell1

Norma
l6

Norma
l9

Norma
l8

Small
Cell3

1.0000
0

0.6522
5

0.5503
0

0.4810
7

0.3724
0

0.3542
2

0.3390
1

0.3228
2

Small
Cell4

Small
Cell4

Small
Cell2

Small
Cell1

Small
Cell5

Small
Cell3

Colon
13

Carcin
oid2

Carcin
oid17

Small
Cell4

1.0000
0

0.4168
8

0.3544
5

0.3516
3

0.3167
5

0.2349
8

0.2033
9

0.1966
3

Small
Cell5

Small
Cell5

Small
Cell3

Small
Cell2

Small
Cell6

Small
Cell1

Small
Cell4

Carcin
oid3

Carcin
oid18

Small
Cell5

1.0000
0

0.6522
5

0.5208
0

0.4551
0

0.4347
0

0.3516
3

0.2940
8

0.2881
5

Small
Cell6

Small
Cell6

Small
Cell3

Norma
l6

Norma
l8

Small
Cell5

Norma
l10

Norma
l7

Norma
l9

Small
Cell6

1.0000
0

0.5503
0

0.4681

0.4621

0.4551
0

0.4432

0.4420

0.4231

Coefficients de corrlation de Pearson, N = 12625

6