LITERATURE STUDY

JUDICIAL COMPLEX
THESIS 10TH SEMESTER
BATCH (2007-2012)
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The original Constitution of 1950 envisaged a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice
and 7 puisne Judges - leaving it to
Parliament to increase this number. In the early years, all the Judges of the Su
preme Court sat together to hear the
cases presented before them. As the work of the Court increased and arrears of c
ases began to cumulate,
Parliament increased the number of Judges from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 19
60, 18 in 1978 and 26 in 1986. As
the number of the Judges has increased, they sit in smaller Benches of two and t
hree - coming together in larger
Benches of 5 and more only when required to do so or to settle a difference of o
pinion or controversy.
The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice and 30 other Judges appo
inted by the President of India.
Supreme Court Judges retire upon attaining the age of 65 years. In order to be a
ppointed as a Judge of the
Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for atlea
st five years, a Judge of a High
Court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an Advocate of a High Cour
t or of two or more such Courts in
succession for at least 10 years or he must be, in the opinion of the President,
a distinguished jurist. Provisions
exist for the appointment of a Judge of a High Court as an Ad-hoc Judge of the S
upreme Court and for retired
Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as Judges of that Cour
t.
HISTORY OF SUPREME COURT,INDIA
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The Supreme Court of India has more powers than any Supreme Court in any part of
the world. It is the
interpreter and guardian of the Constitution. It can be moved for the enforcemen
t of the Fundamental Rights.
For this purpose, it can issue writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Quo Warranto,
etc. The orders of the
Supreme Court are binding on die executive. In an emergency, however, the Presid
ent has the power to
suspend the right to move the Supreme Court. Thus, it is the highest court of ju
stice in India and the citizens of
India look to it for justice. Its functions: The Supreme Court is the highest ju
dicial tribunal of India and as such it
is armed with extensive powers. It exercises original, appellate and advisory ju
risdiction. Original Jurisdiction. It
extends to all disputes between the Union Government and one or more States as a
lso disputes arising
between the States of the Indian Union. Appellate Jurisdiction, (a) In civil cas
es, an appeal from the judgement
of the High Court can be taken for appeal to the Supreme Court. (b) In criminal
cases, appeal from the judgment
of the High Court can be taken to the Supreme Court, if the High Court, has on a
ppeal reversed an order of
acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death, or if the High Court
has withdrawn from a lower
court a case for trial before itself and has on such trial convicted the accused
person and sentenced him to
death. An appeal can also .be taken to the Supreme Court if the High Court certi
fies that the case is a fit one for
appeal to the Supreme Court. Advisory Jurisdiction. The President has the power
to refer a question of law or
fact of public importance for the opinion and report of the Supreme Court.
POWERS OF HIGH COURT
The High Court shall have power throughout the territories in relation to whi
ch it exercises jurisdiction to issue
to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases any Government, wit
hin those territories directions,
orders, or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, pr
ohibition, quo warranto and
certiorari, or any of them for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred
by Part-III and for any other
purpose.

Functioning of supreme court

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Administrative
1. Director of State Courts. The director of state courts, who is
appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the court,
administers the nonjudicial business of the court system at
the direction of the chief justice and the court. The authority
and responsibilities of the director are set forth in the
Supreme Court Rules.
2. Clerk. The clerk of the Supreme Court, who is appointed by
the Supreme Court, performs the duties of the office
prescribed by law and such other duties as may be prescribed
by the court or the chief justice. The clerk is the custodian of
all court records and is responsible for the supervision and
processing of matters from the time of filing with the court
until their ultimate disposition. The clerk is also clerk of the
Court of Appeals, and the clerk's office serves both courts.
Consequently, the records filed in the Court of Appeals are
readily available to the Supreme Court.
3. Chief Deputy Clerk. The chief deputy clerk, who
is hired by the clerk of the Supreme Court, assists
the clerk in the performance of the duties of that
office and performs those duties in the absence
of the clerk.
The court is composed of seven justices who
are elected in state-wide, non-partisan
elections.
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4. Marshal. The marshal, who is hired by the director of state courts with the
approval of the Supreme Court, attends the sessions of the court and
performs the duties assigned by the court, the director of state courts and
the clerk.
5. Deputy Marshal. The deputy marshal, who is hired by the
marshal, assists in the performance of the duties of the marshal and, in the
absence of the marshal, performs those duties.
Legal
1. Supreme Court Commissioners. Supreme Court
commissioners are attorneys licensed to practice law in Wisconsin who
are hired by and serve at the pleasure of the court. The commissioners
perform research, prepare memoranda and make recommendations to
the court regarding matters brought within the court's appellate and
original jurisdictions and rule-making authority, and perform other
duties as the court or the chief justice may direct. Matters are assigned
to the commissioners on a rotating basis.
2. Law Clerks. Law clerks assist the justices in performing
research. Law clerks are hired by and serve at the pleasure of the
individual justice. Law clerks are law school graduates who are
customarily hired to serve for one year. Each law clerk performs
research, prepares memoranda and performs other duties as the
individual justice may direct.
WISCONSIN SUPREME COURT
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The People in the Court
Judge - The judge ensures proceedings are conducted according to the law. The ju
dge is referred to as The
Honourable Justice 'Smith' and is addressed as "Your Honour". The judge wears a
black gown for both criminal and
civil hearings.
Judge's Associate - The associate is a member of the judge's personal staff, and
helps in the administration of the

court including preparing documents, recording decisions and issuing forms and w
arrants.
Defence Counsel - A solicitor or barrister employed by the accused or defendant
to defend the charge.
Prosecutor - A solicitor or barrister who conducts criminal proceedings on behal
f of the State of Western Australia or
the Commonwealth of Australia.
Defendant/Accused - The person charged with committing an offence.
Witnesses - People called to give evidence on behalf of the prosecution or the d
efence.
Jury - A group of 12 people selected randomly to decide on the innocence or guil
t of an accused person in a criminal
trial.
Orderly - Also a member of the judge's staff who calls witnesses and helps to ke
ep order in the court.
Media Bench - Journalists sit in court and report on proceedings.
Monitor - Ensures all court proceedings are recorded. If a monitor is not in cou
rt it usually means that the
proceedings are being recorded digitally without the need for a monitor to be pr
esent in the court room.
Public Gallery - Courtrooms are open to the public and members of the public are
encouraged to attend trials to see
for themselves how our courts operate.
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HIGH COURT ROOM LAYOUT
MAGISTRATE COURT ROOM
LAYOUT In UK
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US COURTROOM LAYOUT
U.S. DISTRICT COURT - JUDICIAL CASELOAD PROFILE
ALL DISTRICT COURTS
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
Overall Filings 378,985 375,101 343,107 337,906 349,242 321,256
Overall Terminations 391,388 384,600 340,769 311,523 327,529 342,117
Overall Pending 337,407 351,697 359,295 347,096 327,159 305,511
Last Year % Change in Filings 1
% Change in Filings 10.5 12.2 8.5 18
Number of Judgeships 677 678 678 678 678 678
Vacant Judgeship Months 989.2 937.6 488.1 402 417.4 413
Per Judgeship Total Filings 560 554 505 498 515 473
Per Judgeship Civil Filings 428 421 379 378 401 360
Per Judgeship Criminal Filings 99 99 95 89 84 85
Per Judgeship Supervised Release Hearings 33 34 31 31 30 28
Per Judgeship Pending Cases 498 519 530 512 483 451
Per Judgeship Weighted Filings 505 485 471 473 478 467
Per Judgeship Terminations 578 567 503 459 483 505
Per Judgeship Trials Completed 20 20 20 20 20 18
Median Times to Criminal Disposition 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.7 7.6
Median Times to Civil Disposition 7.3 8 9 8 8.7 9.4
Median Times to Civil Trial 24.7 25.4 25.6 25.6 24.5 23.5
Number of Civil Cases Over 3 Years Old 37,159 44,447 28,074 22,414 24,086 27,41
9
Percent of Civil Cases Over 3 Years Old 13.6 15.4 9.4 7.8 9 11.1
Avg. Felony Defendants Per Case 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Jurors Present for Selection 47.81 49.52 52.62 47.69 50.21 48.54
Juror % Not Selected Or Challenged 37.9 39.4 39.6 37 38 37.4
Type of TOTAL A B C D E
Civil 289630 15697 60631 53692 2372 10078
Criminal 66442 4073 10728 27335 7049 6947
Number of case lists in US DISTRICT
COURT
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District Judges
Principal District JudgeI Additional District JudgeP.O., Labour
CourtAdditional District Judge & P.O., Special Court under E.C. ActJudge,
Family CourtII Additional District Judge (CBI Cases)Sessions Judge, Sessions
Court for Trial of Bomb-Blast CasesMahalir Neethi MandramAdditional
District & Sessions Judge for Fast Track Court - IAdditional District &
Sessions Judge for Fast Track Court - IIAdditional District & Sessions Judge
for Fast Track Court - III
Civil Judges (Senior Division)
Chief Judicial MagistratePrincipal Sub Judge I Additional Sub Judge II
Additional Sub JudgeIII Additional Sub Judge Additional Judicial Member
(STAT)Judicial Officer Corporation of Coimbatore
Civil Judges (Junior Division)
Principal District MunsifI Additional District MunsifII Additional District
MunsifIII Additional District MunsifJudicial Magistrate - IJudicial Magistrate
- IIJudicial Magistrate - IIIJudicial Magistrate - IVJudicial Magistrate VJudicial Magistrate - VIJudicial Magistrate - VIIJudicial Magistrate - VIII
List of judges in coimbatore bench
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TYPES OF COURTS AND LIST OF CASES
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HISTORY
Building
Originally the Supreme Court of Victoria occupied buildings in La Trobe Street,
which were opened on 15 July 1843.
The Court moved to the present Supreme Court Buildings in William Street in 1884
, where sittings were first held on
15 February 1884.
The two-storey block of buildings, which houses the courtrooms, Judges' Chambers
and administrative offices,
encloses a courtyard from which rises the Supreme Court Library with its central
tower and dome. The outer dome,
one hundred and forty feet from the ground, is forty feet above the internal dom
e. In the days before multi-storied
buildings, it must have been intended that the external dome should dominate the
skyline from a distance, standing
high above the surrounding buildings.
Entrance to the Library from the Courts is by a constricted porch into a low foy
er, which leads in turn into a circular
space three stories high. Surrounding this central area on three sides are book
stacks, reading alcoves and offices on
two levels. There are no book stacks in the central area; there the only furnitu
re is a decagonal walnut reading table
surrounding an ornate brass Victorian gasolier, now electrically lit.
The dominant feeling is one of spaciousness. The hemispherical internal dome res
ts on a cornice of stucco. Inset in
the dome are oval stained-glass windows. The upper rooms of the Library are link
ed by a fine cantilevered circular
balcony with a cast-iron balustrade. Access to the upper level is by way of two
spiral staircases leading off the foyer.
On the walls hang oil paintings of former Chief Justices and other Judges of the
Court, some by such famous masters
as Longstaff, Meldrum and Dargie. There are also busts of former Judges, and ite
ms of historical interest relating to
the Supreme Court.
The National Trust classifies the Library building (as distinct from the whole o
f the Supreme Court Building) in
Category A, that is, of national importance, to be preserved at all costs.
Supreme Court of Victoria
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About the Court
The current Library building is now 124 years old. By the mid 1990s the Library
had totally outgrown the available
space. One of Melbourne's leading heritage architects prepared a plan with a vie
w to using other spaces available
within the same building, and construction commenced in late 1998. When the work
was completed in late 1999, the
Library had gained two new floors and approximately two kilometres of additional
shelf space, along with a lift giving
access to all floors.

Courtroom layout
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Courtroom Technology
The Supreme Court has available a
range of courtroom technologies,
infrastructure and skilled staff to facilitate
the use of technology in litigation and,
generally, to support the needs of
litigants, lawyers and the Court.
Information in this section is intended
to inform lawyers and litigants who are
considering the use of technology in
litigation in the Court about the Court's
requirements and facilities.
What is Transcript?
Transcript is the documented record of what happens in a court proceeding. It is
a faithful record of what is said and by
whom it is said. It forms part of the official record of proceedings and is freq

uently referred to by the parties and the

judge during those proceedings.
When is Transcript Required?
The provision of transcript is a requirement of all proceedings in the Supreme C
ourt.
Criminal proceedings
The Victorian Government Reporting Service (VGRS) provides transcript for all cr
iminal proceedings in the Supreme Court.
Telephone contact is 9603 2451.
Civil proceedings
Transcript for civil proceedings is provided by contract providers engaged by th
e litigants. The arrangements are
prescribed in Supreme Court Practice Note No. 3 of 2002 (Transcript in Civil Pro
ceedings)
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The Indian Judiciary is partly a
continuation of the British legal
system established by the English in
the mid-19th century based on a
typical hybrid legal system in which
customs, precedents and legislative
law have validity of law.
TYPES OF COURTS IN HIGH COURT OF TAMILNADU
Labour Courts
Industrial Tribunal
Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal
State Transport Appellate Tribunal
Special Court under Essential Commodities Act
Deputy Administrative General & Official
Trustee
Family Courts
Sessions Judge, Magalir Neethimandram
Special Court under T.N.P.I.D. Act
Special Court under N.D.P.S. Act
Sessions Judge, Sessions Court for Trial of
Bomb-Blast Cases

Director, Tamil Nadu State Judical

Academy
Member, Tamil Nadu State Legal Services
Authority
City Civil Court Administrative General &
Official Trustee
Court of Small Causes
Metropolitan Magistrates
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Architecture Indo Sarcenic
Approach road N.S.C.
Bose road
Sorrounding land use
commercial , public,
institutional
Offsite benefits - bud
stand, C.B.D,
Climate warm and humid
HISTORY
The High Court of Judicature at Madras, one of the three High Courts in
India established at the Presidency Towns by Letters Patent granted by
Her Majesty Queen Victoria, bearing date 26th June 1862, is the highest
Court in the State of Tamil Nadu, exercising Original Jurisdiction over the
City of Madras and Appellate Jurisdiction over the entire State as well as
extra-ordinary Original Jurisdiction, Civil and Criminal, under the Letters
Patent and Special Original Jurisdiction for the issue of writs under the
Constitution of India.
Madurai Bench
A second bench of the Madras
High Court has been functioning
at Madurai since 2004. It has
jurisdiction over districts of
Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli,
Tuticorin, Madurai, Dindigul,
Ramanathapuram,
Virudhunagar, Sivaganga,
Pudukkottai, Thanjavur,
Tiruchirappalli and Karur.
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MADURAI BENCH OF HIGH COURT ,CHENNAI
The Madras High Court Bench
at Madurai was inaugurated
on Saturday, the 24th July of
2004 by Hon'ble Mr.Justice
R.C. LAHOTI, Chief Justice of
India
FUNCTIONING :
The High Court Bench started
functioning with effect from 24-07-2004
with the Jurisdiction of the Districts of
Kanniyakumari, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin,
Madurai, Dindigul, Ramanathapuram,
Virudhunagar, Sivaganga, Pudukkottai,
Thanjavur, Tiruchirappalli and Karur.
Excepting Original Jurisdiction, the
Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court
exercises Jurisdiction in all other matters
as in the case of the Madras High Court.
The Administrative Building is a four storied
building with a total plinth area of 22,929 Sq.m.
It houses all the Offices and Departments of
the High Court Bench. The building, housing
the Court Halls, is two storied with a ceiling
height of 7.20m and other area of the building
is four storied with a height of 3.60 m.
The total plinth area of the building is 15209
Sq.m and it consists of 12 Numbers, of Court
Halls, Chambers of Honble Judges, Steno room
and Visitors Halls. The Honble Judges Chamber
has a resting room with toilet facilities.
Location :Madurai, NH 45B, Tamil Nadu
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The air conditioning work and wall paneling of court halls and the Honble Judg
es Chambers
have been fully air conditioned with wall paneling and false ceiling etc.. The C
ourt Halls have been
provided with Public Address systems. Out of 12 Court Halls four major Court Hal
ls have been
furnished based on the model of Supreme Court of India and Delhi High Court.
The four court halls have full dais with secondary dais for court officer and Pe
rsonal
Assistant Book Shelves, Cushion seats, barricades etc, the other 8 court halls h
ave
been furnished as per the court halls of High Court of Madras with a smaller sin
gle
dais for Honble Judge with other furniture such as cushion seats and barricading
etc.
Network connection has been given to all sections and head of offices . Th
e
Personal Assistant Section in the first floor is also fully air conditioned with
false ceiling
arrangements. Computer facility provided to departments. Landscaping has been do
ne
in front of the Administrative Block.
Categories: Courthouse, Court,
Government Office
Public transport: Othakadai Bus Stop (849 m NE)
Existing sorrounding : Institutional , Industrial
Cases can be retrieved through:
i. Case No.
ii. Title (Petitioner/respondent Name)
iii. Advocate name
iv. Lower court details
The latest information of a case with respect to the
status of the case, which could stand as:
i. Party names
ii. Advocate names
iii. Subject category
iv. Disposed of
v. Adjourned
vi. Date on which last listed
vii. Waiting Position
viii. Next date of hearing

ix. Diary No.

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The judicial block will include
The chamber for chief judicial magistrate
The chamber for district session judge.
The chamber for other judges and also for the visiting judges.
Waiting area.
Area for the staff of the judges.
Court rooms.
Court office.
Library.
Cafeteria for judges(it includes the kitchen area,
dining area etc)
The administration block will include
The rooms for readers, registrar, steno etc
Record room
Copying room
Nazareth room
Store room
Typists and petition writers shed
Canteen for the public
Photo copy rooms
Waiting lounge
Toilets
The Lawyers block will include
Chambers for the Lawyers
Space for the clerks
Bar lounge
Library for the lawyers(criminal & civil)
Cafeteria(it includes the kitchen area and
the dining area)
Toilets
Components of the project:
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