OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS

RESERVOIR ROUTING

A small water supply lake has a normal pool elevation given by H =0.0 m with an emergency
spillway crest elevation given by H = 0.5 m. the emergency spillway is a broad crested weir
with a discharge coefficient Cd = 0.848 and crest length of 20 m. the elevation storageoutflow relation is given in the table 1. If the lake level initially is at the normal pool, rout the
inflow hydrograph given in table 2 through the spillway and determine the peak outflow.

Table 1: Elevation-Storage-Outflow Relationships

H (m)

Storage m3

O m3/sec

6.90 x106

0.0

0.5

7.72 x106

0.0

1.0

8.58 x106

10.2

1.5

9.49 x106

28.9

2.0

1.04 x107

53.1

2.5

1.14 x107

81.8

3.0

1.24 x107

114.3

3.5

1.35 x107

150.2

4.0

1.46 x107

189.3

4.5

1.58 x107

231.3

5.0

1.70 x107

276.0

Table 2: Inflow Hydrograph

Time, hr

I m3/sec

Time, hr

I m3/sec

14.0

1.3

0.5

79.2

14.5

0.9

1.0

212.5

15.0

0.7

1.5

320.5

15.5

0.5

2.0

381.9

16.0

0.3

2.5

400

16.5

0.2

3.0

386.1

17.0

0.2

3.5

352.3

17.5

0.1

4.0

308.4

18.0

0.1

4.5

261.7

18.5

0.1

5.0

216.5

19.0

5.5

175.6

19.5

6.0

140.1

20.0

6.5

110.2

7.0

85.7

7.5

65.9

8.0

50.3

8.5

38.1

9.0

28.6

9.5

21.4

10.0

15.9

10.5

11.7

11.0

8.6

11.5

6.3

12.0

4.6

12.5

3.4

13.0

2.4

13.5

1.8

Flood Routing
A flood wave I(t), enters a reservoir provided with an outlet flow control such as a spillway.
Spillway have a certain inflow hydrograph. Inflow hydrograph is plotted between time and
Inflow discharge.
To Construct Inflow hydrograph we follow following steps
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Measure discharge at inflow

Repective time at certain value of inflow
Time is platted against horizontal axis
Discharge is platted against y axis
We will get a curved graph plotted against time
The highest value of discharge against time will give the value of peak Inflow
The Inflow Hydrograph is as per table 2 as show in the fig below

I m3/sec
450
400

400
386.1
381.9
352.3

350
300

320.5

261.7

250
200

308.4

216.5

212.5

175.6
150
100

79.2

50
0 0
0

140.1
110.2
85.7
65.9
50.3
38.1
28.6
21.4
15.9
11.7
8.6
6.3
4.6
3.4
2.4
1.8
1.3
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0 0 0
10
15
20

Flood Inflow hydrograph

Due to the passage of the flood wave through the reservoir, the water level in the reservoir
changes with time. Thus, the discharge and storage also change with time. But the outflow is
a function of the reservoir elevation only, i.e. O=O(H).
Conclusion:

Peak outflow will be 94.5 cubic meter p second which occur at t= 7hrs

450
400

400
386.1
381.9
352.3

350
320.5
300

308.4
261.7

250
200

212.5

216.5
175.6

150

140.1

110.2
9593.5
94.5
8992.5
898682.5
85.791.5
82.5
79.2
7975.5
74
72.5
69.5
65.9
666359.5
63
575451.5
50.3
50
49.5
49
4745434139.5
38.1
37363432.5
33.5
31
28.6
21.4
19.5
15.9
11.7
8.6
7.5
6
.3
4
.6
3
.4
2
.4
1.8
1.3
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0 0000
000
0
5
10
15
20

100

Inflow

25

Outflow

Outflow
100

9593.5
94.5
92.5
91.5
89
89
86
82.5
82.5
79
75.5
74
72.5
69.5
66
63
63
59.5
57
5451.5
49.5
49
4745
4341
39.5
3736
3432.5
33.5
31

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
-3

0 0 0 0 0
2

19.5
7.5
7

12
Outflow

17

22