Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Genetics terminology, definitions, Inheritance of Genetic disorders

List the mode of inheritance of genetic disorders

Explain the features of different mode of inheritance
Use a family history to construct a pedigree

Short Stature Evaluation

Define Short stature in children
List the common causes of short stature
Describe aetiology, presentation, associated features of
Growth and Puberty(CDGP), familial short stature

Constitutional Delay of

Classification of Newborn and terminology

Define the terms: term, prematurity and postterm
Define Average, Small and Large for gestational age
Define Intrauterine Growth Restriction(IUGR)
Describe the common problems in premature babies
Describe the common problems of Low Birth Weight(LBW) babies
Discuss the common problems in Large for gestational age (LGA) babies
Pneumonia

Define pneumonia
List the causal organisms of pneumonia
Describe the epidemiology of pneumonia
Explain the pathophysiology of pneumonia
Classify pneumonia
Describe investigations and their findings in pneumonia
Outline the management of pneumonia
List the complications of pneumonia

Bronchiolitis

Define bronchiolitis
List the common causal organisms of bronchiolitis
Describe the epidemiology and pathophysiologyof brochiolitis
Describe clinical features of bronchiolitis
Describe investigations and the findings in bronchiolitis
Outline the management of bronchiolitis

Diarrhoeal diseases

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Definition of Acute, Persistent and Chronic diarrhoea

Discuss aetiology of diarrhoea in children
Discuss clinical presentation of diarrhoea
Describe assessment of degree of dehydration according to WHO Guideline
Describe relevant investigations for diarrhoeal diseases in children
Briefly describe features suggestive of secondary disaccharidase deficiency
List complication of
Discuss dietary advice for a child with diarrhoea
Discuss preventive measures for diarrhoeal diseases in children.
(Outline of management will be discussed in AGE)

Acute Gastroenteritis(AGE)

Discuss aetiology and common organisms causing Acute gastroenteritis.

Explain differentiating features of small bowel and large bowel diarrhoea, ( cholera,
viral diarrhoea, dysentery)
Discuss complications of AGE.
Breifly discuss prevention and availability of vaccines
Outline the management according to Paediatric Protocol

Viral Hepatitis and Leptospirosis

Viral Hepatitis
Briefly describe epidemiology of viral hepatitis
Discuss aetiology, mode of transmission of different types of viral hepatitis
Describe clinical features in general and progress of disease in different types of viral
hepatitis
Describe relevant diagnostic investigations
Discuss prevention and vaccines available
Leptospirosis
Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentations of leptospirosis
Describe the relevant investigations
Outline the appropriate management
List the common complications

Rheumatic fever

Briefly discuss epidemiology of Rheumatic fever

Describe aetiology of Rheumatic fever
Discuss modified Jones criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever
List relevant investigations and discuss their interpretation for diagnosis
List relevant investigations to monitor the progress of the disease
Outline principal of management for acute rheumatic fever and acute carditis

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Discuss primary and secondary prophylaxis and duration of secondary prophylaxis

Infective endocarditis

Define infective endocarditis

Discuss the presenting symptoms, common causal organisms and risk factors
Describe the criteria for diagnosis
Outline the management of infective endocarditis including prophylaxis

Kawasaki Disease

Describe the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki Disease

Describe history taking and physical examination to arrive at the diagnosis of
Kawaski Disease
Describe the relevant investigation of Kawasaki Disease
Outline the management of Kawasaki Disease

Malnutrition (Childhood obesity & PEM)

Define malnutrition
Classify malnutrition
Describe the clinical features of marasmus and kwashiorkor
Discuss the complications of marasmus and kwashiorkor
Outline the management of marasmus and kwashiorkor
Define of obesity
Describe the co-morbidity and complications of obesity
Outline of management and prevention of obesity in childhood

Acute Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome

List the causes of proteinuria and haematuria

Describe the definition and common types of nephrotic syndrome in Paediatric age
group
State the common types of nephritis ofchildren in context of Malaysia
Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features of nephrotic syndrome
and AGN
Discuss the relevant investigations and the findings in nephrotic syndrome and AGN
Outline the principles of management of nephrotic syndrome and AGN
Describe the complications of nephrotic syndrome and AGN

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Urinary tract infection

Describe the normal anatomy of the renal system and common abnormalities of
urinary tract
List the predisposing factors for developing UTI
Name the common micro-organisms causing urinary tract infections in different age
groups
Describe the clinical features of urinary tract infections according to the age
Outline the relevant investigations and the findings
Describe the management of urinary tract infection in children
List the complications

Fever with fit

State the common causes of fever with fits in children

State the clinical features of simple and complex febrile seizures
Outline the management of febrile seizures
Discuss the prognosis of febrile seizures
State the aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical features of meningitis (acute pyogenic
and tuberculous) and encephalitis
Describe the relevant investigations and their results
Outline the management meningitis and encephalitis
List the complications of meningitis and encephalitis

Afebrile Seizures

List the causes of afebrile seizures

Define epilepsy
Classify epileptic seizures
Describe the relevant facts in history taking a child with epilepsy
Describe the important clinical features to look for in a child with epilepsy
Describe the relevant investigations and interpretations of the results
Outline the management of acute seizure attack
Outline the principles of management of childhood epilepsy

Acute Flaccid Paralysis

Define acute flaccid paralysis

List common causes of acute flaccid paralysis
Describe the aetiology, clinical presentations of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and
Poliomyelitis
Discuss the relevant investigations, treatment and prognosis of Guillain-Barre
Syndrome and Poliomyelitis
Describe the AFP Surveillance in Malaysia

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Hydrocephalus

Describe the CSF formation and circulation

Describe the normal values of CSF
Discuss the CSF changes in pathological conditions: different types of meningitis
Describe the definition and causes of hydrocephalus
Mention the clinical features and investigations including interpretation of results in a
child with hydrocephalus
Outline the management of hydrocephalus

Henoch Scholein Purpura(HSP) and Idiopathis thrombocytopenia(ITP)

Describe the normal mechanism of haemostasis

Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with bruises to arrive at
the diagnosis
Recognise the differentiation points (clinical features, investigation findings) of ITP
and HSP
Describe the management of ITP and HSP

Thalassaemia

Define anaemia
Briefly describe the pathogenesis of anaemia
List the common causes of acute and chronic haemolytic anaemias
Define transfusion dependent anaemias
Describe epidemiology, clinical features, investigations and their findings in
transfusion dependent thalassaemias
Describe treatment options of transfusion dependent thalassaemias
Outline principal of management of transfusion dependent thalassaemias according to
Paediatric Protocol
Discuss prognosis and complications

Nutritional Anaemias

State the mechanisms of haemoglobin synthesis

List the common nutritional anaemias in children
Describe the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, investigations and their
findings of Iron deficiency anaemia(IDA)
Outline the management of IDA

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Discuss prognosis and complications

Coagulation Disorders

State the mechanisms of haemostasis

List the common clotting disorders in children
Describe the inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A, B and Von Willebrand Disease
Describe the clinical presentations, rational investigations and their findings of
Haemophilia A, B and Von Willebrand Disease
Outline the management of Haemophilia A, B and Von Willebrand Disease
Discuss prognosis and complications

Leukaemia and Lymphoma

Leukaemia

Describe the basic structures and functions of bone marrow and three cell line
Describe the epidemiology of leukaemia in childhood
Describe the clinical presentation of acute leukaemia in children
Describe the classifications of leukaemia
Discuss the investigations to reach the diagnosis of leukaemia
Outline the principles of management of leukaemia in children
Discuss prognosis and complications

Lymphoma

Describe the epidemiology of Non-Hodgkins and Hodgkins Lymphoma

List the aetiology of Non-Hodgkins and Hodgkins Lymphoma
Describe the clinical presentation of lymphomas including the differentiating features
Outline the staging of lymphomas
Describe the investigations and the findings
Outline the principles of management of lymphomas
Discuss prognosis and complications

Aplastic Anaemia

Briefly discuss the basic structures and functions of bone marrow and three cell line
Describe the epidemiology of aplastic anaemia
Describe the clinical presentation of aplastic anaemia in children
Discuss the investigations to reach the diagnosis of aplastic anaemia
Outline the principles of management of aplastic anaemia in children
Discuss prognosis and complications

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Breast feeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding(IYCF)

Describe the WHO global strategy of IYCF

Explain the terminology such as early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breast
feeding and optimal complementary feeding, etc
List optimal IYCF practices
Enumerate the benefits of optimal IYCF for mother and child
Discuss Breastfeeding Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
Briefly discuss the breastfeeding and HIV in Malaysia

Downs Syndrome

Briefly describe the genetic basis

Discuss clinical manifestations of Downs syndrome
Describe the investigations for diagnosis
Outline the management of Downs syndrome
Hypothyroid

Classify the types of hypothyroidism

Mention the aetiology of congenital hypothyroidism
Describe clinical features of congenital hypothyroidism
State relevant and rational investigations and interpret the findings
Outline the management of congenital hypothyroidism

Cerebral Palsy

Define cerebral palsy

Mention the common causes of cerebral palsy
Describe the classification and clinical features of cerebral palsy
Outline the multidisciplinary approach in management of cerebral palsy

Malaria
Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentations of malaria
Discuss the diagnostic tests and procedures
Outline the appropriate management according Malaysian Protocol 3rd edition
Discuss the preventive measures in community
Fever with rash (measles, rubella, chicken pox, hand foot mouth)

Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentations of Measles,

Rubella, Chicken pox and hand foot mouth disease
Justify the relevant and rational diagnostic tests and procedures
Outline the appropriate management according to the working diagnosis
Identify the notifiable conditions among common childhood infections

Year 3

Paediatrics

Learning Outcomes

Discuss the preventive measures

Typhoid

Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentations of typhoid

Justify the relevant and rational investigations
Outline the appropriate management
Describe the common complications

Dengue

Describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of dengue

Discuss clinical presentations of dengue and classify according to Malaysian Protocol
3rd edition
Discuss the relevant diagnostic tests and procedures
Outline the appropriate management for dengue according to Malaysian Protocol 3rd
edition
Discuss the health educational plan to inform the patient and the family about the
disease
Discuss the preventive measures in community