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Magnetic circuit
Windings
Mechanical design
Shaft
Centrifugal forces
Critical speeds
Frame and support structures
Electrical connections
Terminal box
Connections of windings
Control equipment
Protection system
core diameters,
core length,
air-gap length,
slot high and wide,
air-gap flux density,
etc.
Magnetic circuit
The line integral of H along any closed path should be
equal to the total current flowing through that path
H dl
i
Fi
I tot
Magnetic circuit
2Vm
2 Vmz,s Vmz,r
Vmj,s Vmj,r
, Figure a
Fm
2Vm
2 Vmz,s Vmp,r
Vmj,s Vmj,r
, Figure b
Fm
2Vm
2 Vmp,s Vmz,r
Vmj,s Vmj,r
, Figure c
Induction machines
Synchronous machines
8 MVA diesel-generator
rCVr
=>
Di2 li
2 n
C
li
Di
li
Di
0.8
1.6
p
2p
mm
mm
4p
1
,p
3, p
0.1 0.225 3
PN
kW
,p 1
0.1 0.145 3
PN
kW
,p 1
mm
Am
b
T
3,6 x 10-4
2,2 x 10-4
Synchronous machine
Tahtikone
Salient pole constant air gap
Salinet pole, sinusoidal air gap
Non-salient pole
7,0 x 10-4
4,5 x 10-4
2,5 x 10-4
is defined.
5. The slot numbers for the stator and rotor are chosen.
The stator and rotor slot pitches are typically
u
mm
10 ... 45
30 ... 70
13 ... 35
Asynchronous machine
Synchronous machine
DC machine
u,s
Di
Qs
u,r
Di
Qr
is calculated.
Salient pole
synchronous
machine
Non-salient
synchronous
machine
DC
machine
[T]
[T]
[T]
[T]
Air gap
Stator
- tooth, narrowest point
- tooth, middle point
- pole body
- commutation pole
- yoke
Rotor
- tooth, narrowest point
- tooth, middle point
- pole body
- yoke
Flux density
E 0.96 U N
- for a generator
E 1.05 UN
where
is
p li
2am
N
Q
where
a is the number of parallel paths,
m is the number of phases and
Q the number of slots.
The equation above typically gives a fractional number for
the number of turns in a slot Nu. In a real winding, this has
to be an integer. The nearest integer is chosen, and a
new value is calculated for the number of effective turns in
the winding N.
2E
i N
p li
12. The peak values for the flux densities in the teeth have to
be chosen based on the flux-density table shown earlier.
13. The widths of the stator and rotor teeth are calculated
from the chosen flux-density values
b
b
bz,s
, bz,r
u,s
u,r
b
b
z,s
z,r
where
u,s
and
u,r
Salient pole
synchronous
machine
Non-salient
synchronous
machine
DC
machine
[A/mm2]
[A/mm2]
[A/mm2]
[A/mm2]
Stator
- slot winding
- pole winding
- commutating winding
- compensation winding
4 ... 7
3 ... 6
2 ... 3
3 ... 6
Rotor
- slot winding
- cage winding
- pole winding
5 ... 8
7 ... 10
3 ... 4
4 ... 7
4 ... 7
Current density
where
Is
PN
m Us cos
Ir
I s cos
is the efficiency,
cos( ) is the displacement factor and
is the transformation ratio between
the stator and rotor windings.
N u Qs
a Qr
PN
m U s cos
, motor
Is
SN
m Us
, generator
I
naJ
Au
n N u Acu
cu
Vm,zs Vm,zr
Vm,
is calculated and the corresponding flux-density ratio
is defined.
Di li
2p i
p li
i
u
u
b1,i
kC
where u is slot pitch, b1,i is the effective width of the slot (Figure
above) and kC is Carters factor.
b1,i
b1
b1
arctan
2
2
ln
b1
b1
2
b1
1 5
b1
If there is a slotting on both sides of the air gap, Carters factor can
be calculated separately for the stator and rotor surfaces and
applied twice
i
k Cr k Cs
li
ls
2 , if ls
lr
li
ls lr
, if ls
2
lr
li
l n ti
ti
t
1 5
li
n s n sr ti,s
n sr ti,sr
n r n sr ti,r
ti,sr
tr
1 5
i,s
tr