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Department
Prestressed Concrete
Preliminaries
Fawad Muzaffar
M.Sc. Structures (Stanford University)
Ph.D. Structures (Stanford University)
Some Examples
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Materials
Concrete
Qualities of Interest Strength , Endurance
Categories of Concrete Properties
i. Short Term Properties Compressive, Tensile and Shear
Strength, Modulus of Elasticity
ii. Long Term Properties Creep and Shrinkage
Compressive Strength,
Depends on Mix Design, Aggregate Properties, Time and Quality of
Curing.
Varies from 4,000 to 12,000 psi (can be as high as 20,000 psi)
Determined using 6 in 12 in Cylindrical Specimens
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Materials
Tensile Strength,
Difficult to measure because of gripping problems
Brazilian or Splitting Cylinder Test
For flexural members, Modulus of Rupture is used instead of
is obtained by lateral loading of 6 in square beams of 18 in span
at their third points
0.10 0.20
Shear Strength:
Difficult to measure, because it is difficult to isolate shear effects from
other stresses
Fawad Muzaffar
Materials
From literature, Shear Strength varies from 20 to 85 % of
depending on loading conditions
Shear Strength:
Difficult to Measure, because it is Difficult to Isolate Shear Effects from
other Stresses
Shear Strength Rarely
Controls Design
Typical Stress
Strain Curves of
Concrete
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Materials
Modulus of Elasticity,
Tangent Modulus:
Initial Tangent Slope
Secant Modulus:
Slope of Line Connecting a
Certain Point (Usually 0.4 ) to
origin.
For Light Weight Concrete, ACI
Building Code gives
Materials
Creep:
Definition: Increase in compressive strain with sustained compressive
Load
An example of the relative numerical values
Materials
Shrinkage:
Two types of shrinkage effects exist
i. Plastic Shrinkage
Occurs during the first few hours of placing the concrete in
forms
Associated with
ii. Drying Shrinkage
Occurs after the concrete has already attained its final set.
Represents Moving of Water In and Out of Concrete
Swelling
Increase in volume of concrete due to hydration of concrete
Loss of volume due to shrinkage is not completely reversible
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Materials
Non-Prestressing Reinforcement
Parameters of Interest
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Materials
Prestressing Reinforcement
Three types of Prestressing Reinforcement Exists.
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Materials
Typical Stress-Strain Plots
Steel Relaxation
Decrease in tensile steel stress due to constant tensile steel strain
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Materials
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Jacking Systems:
Typical Capacity: 10 to 500 Tons
Stroke Length: 6 to 48 in
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Anchoring Systems:
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Ducts:
Placed in concrete to form cavities in post-tensioned members.
Duct Size: For Tendons, the duct area should be at least twice the net area
of prestressing steel.
Grout Openings or Vents: Vents should exist at both ends.
For draped profiles, all high points should have a
grout vent.
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Placement of Ducts:
Ducts should be securely fastened at close intervals to avoid
displacement during concreting.
Holes in ducts must be repaired prior to placement of concrete.
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