TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.

Acknowledgement

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II.

Introduction

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III.

Specific Objective

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IV.

Significance of the Study

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V.

Scope and Limitations

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VI.

Definition of Terms

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VII.

Review of Related Studies ---------------------------------------------------And Literature

I.
A. What Is Prostitution?
B. Brief History of Prostitution
C. Types of Prostitution
II.
A. Causes of Prostitution
B. Effects of Prostitution
VIII. Strategy used in
Collecting Data

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13

IX.

Results and Discussion

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14

X.

Conclusion

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16

XI.

Recommendation

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17

XII.

Appendix

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18

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20

XIII. Bibliography

I.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research paper is made possible through the aid and support from everyone,

including parents, teachers, family and friends.

To bestow her acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant

advisors and contributors, to Ms. Rewa M. Wady researchers practice teacher for guiding
towards the learning on how to gain knowledge and to be able to make a term paper.
To Mrs. Nezan A. Quirit, researchers adviser in English subject for her most support and
encouragement and for contribution of her valuable detailed advices in the term paper.

Finally to God, family and friends who was for all of the time compassionate in
making this term paper a possible one.

II.

INTRODUCTION

Prostitution in the Philippines seemed to have undergone an interesting outline of

oscillation between the opposed values of health and morality and economic interests
on the other hand. Considered one of the oldest profession in the world, prostitution
may be defined as the actual misappropriation of profanation of sex gain or profit.
Ever since, the practice has been considered evil. The survival of the practice in any
society is interpreted as a symptom of an alienated society. It is called social deviance.

These differing definitions are an outcome of the ideological insights on how

individuals and organizations view prostitution. One commonly held observation is that
prostitution is a form of social and moral deviance that individuals fall into.
Individuals involved in prostitution are largely seen as lacking self-worth.

This has been t he dominant view that as will be described later became the basis
of the criminalization of the act. Many believe that this view resulted in the dressing
down of people involved in prostitution and made them vulnerable to different kinds
of risks.

III.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
This term paper emphasizes the causes and effect of prostitution in the Philippines.
Data will be derived from the authorized and reliable sources to establish the

points and facts about the said topic. This study will give an edge in the
awareness and consequences of prostitution.

This paper is concerned with the discursive constitution of prostitution as a

problem of humanity. As a social problem, prostitution has been a dilemma in a
unique

manner and

managed

through specific techniques that have had

the

strategic objective.

Through an understanding of the prostitute subject it becomes possible establish

certain truths about prostitution. Perhaps the most striking development to have
occurred with the prostitution was the expansion of the range of meanings that
became available to describe prostitutes.

IV.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be a significant

endeavor in promoting and raising awareness

regarding prostitution. This will also be beneficial to the students, the general public
and especially those who are engaged in the prostitution industry per se. This is to
inform them what is prostitution all about and to erase questions in their

minds.

This also serves as a preventive measure regarding the harmful effects of prostitution.
This paper concludes by evaluating the efficacy of some current policies
used to lessen or moderate the potential harmful effects of prostitution, such as the
spread of diseases, child abuse, the medical side, the person who regulates a prostitute
(pimps) and the prostitute itself.

V.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The scope of this study focuses on the causes and effects in

prostitution. This

study only limits on determining the causes and effects of prostitution specifically
in the Philippines.
VI.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Dama de noche - women of the night

Mujeres libres

- free or public women

Prostitution

the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual favors

in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables

Red light

district with houses of prostitution or what has been popularly

known as casa
Homosexual
- sexually attracted to people of one's own sex
Bisexual
- sexually attracted to both men and women
Transexual - a person who emotionally and psychologically feels that they belong to
the opposite sex

VII.

Venereal disease - disease that is contracted and transmitted by sexual contact, caused
by microorganisms that survive on the skin or mucus membranes, or
that are transmitted via semen, vaginal secretions, or blood
Heterosexual
- sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex
Promiscuous
- having or characterized by many transient sexual relationships
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE
I.

A. What Is Prostitution?

A woman who had sex with more than 23,000 men should be classified as a
prostitute, although 40 to 60 would also do. However, promiscuity itself does not turn a
woman into a prostitute. Although a vast majority of prostitutes are promiscuous, most
people would agree that sleeping around does not amount to prostitution.

(Edlund & Korn, 2002, p. 183)

Prostitution has an unusual feature: it is well paid despite being low skill,
labor intensive, and, one might add, female dominated. Earnings even in the worstpaid type, streetwalking, may be several multiples

of full-time earnings in professions

with comparable skill requirements.

Prostitution may be female or male or transgender and prostitution may

entail heterosexual activity, but historically most prostitutes have been women and
most clients are men. Perceptions of prostitution are based in culturally determines
values that differ among societies. In some societies, prostitutes have been viewed
as members of recognized profession, in others have been shunned, reviled and
punished with stoning, imprisonment, and death. Few societies have exercised the
same severity towards clients, indeed in many societies clients suffer few if

any

legal repercussions. In some cultures, prostitution has been required to young girls

as right to puberty or as means of acquiring a dowry, and some religions have

required prostitution of certain class of priestess.

Prostitution is a highly debated term. Its common definition is the exchange

of sexual services

for

compensation, usually

in

the form of

money or other

valuables.

B. Brief History of Prostitution

I.

Spanish period
Spanish rule made Manila

the center of its colonial affairs. Colonial rule is

generally based upon the principle of rewarding political service to the Government
in power by the pillage of a colony. The policies enforced tended to foster the
exploitation and

impoverishment of the colonial subjects. Eventually, poverty

became the permanent characteristics of the working classes who largely comprised
the Philippines population during the colonial eras. The absence of incentives and
the deterioration of conditions in the rural areas, especially during the last decades
of the nineteenth century forced many inhabitants to migrate to other places, notably
Manila.
Manila, by the nineteenth century was already teeming with vagrants,
vagabonds, and displaced persons. In colonial times it was only places attractive
enough for impoverished and displaced persons to flocks to. Its commercial districts,
especially Binondo with its big business housed at Rosario and Escolta streets,

caught the fancy of many migrants, who tended to reside in the congested districts
of Tondo, Binondo, Sampaloc, and Paco.
Spanish legalization of gambling as a

source of revenue added to inhabitants

demoralization. In many cases, it was a major reason for men made destitute by
gambling to induce their wives or women friends to engage

in prostitution or to

commit such crimes.

The revolution against Spain

not only brought liberty to Filipino but also

destruction of lives and possessions and the displacement of thousands of people.

II.

American Regime
The establishment of American rule in the Philippines exacerbated the prostitution
problem in the country. The Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899, and the
scorched-earth policies adopted by both combatants destitute the people and ruined
much property.

The American military authorities, through the Provost Marshall Office,

established red lights district in 1901.

Officials tasked the closure of these establishments were reported to

have hurriedly drawn up

the ordinances which were railroad through the town

councils after a few hours, to gain full force and effect of law.

The closure or the dancing halls, brothels, and saloons didnt put to an end
to prostitution in the Philippines.

C. Types of Prostitution
Prostitution can be classified according to modus operandi and gender and age
of providers. In their typology, they identified the name of the activity, how clients are
solicited and where they are serviced, and in what world regions certain activities are
prevalent. Among the more prominent modus operandi for sex work are street,
brothels, and escort prostitution.

o Street prostitution is the mode where clients are solicited on the street, in parks,
or in other public places and are serviced in side streets, vehicles, or short-stay
premises. Street prostitution is widespread, particularly in societies where
alternative work sites are unavailable.
o Brothel prostitution is the mode where certain premises are explicitly dedicated to
providing sex. Usually, brothel prostitution has better security provisions
accorded to sex workers than street prostitution.
o Escort
via

prostitution is the mode where clients contact sex workers by phone or

the hotel staff. This is the most covert form of sex work. It is relatively

expensive

because of low client turnover. The service can be provided at a

clients home or hotel room. This mode of prostitution is everywhere.

o Prostitution can also be classified according to the age of providers, namely adult
and child prostitutes. Studies indicate that the dynamics of child prostitution are
different from those of adult prostitution. Child prostitutes are involved without
their consent, and they are usually systematically deceived. Child prostitution is
generally condemned by most individuals, organizations, and governments.
Nevertheless, some child prostitutes eventually become adult prostitutes, and
many adult prostitutes had prior childhood histories of sexual abuse and
prostitution.

II.
A. Causes of Prostitution
Probably one of the main sources is the desire on the part of considerable number
of persons of saying ages for an easily achieved, non-binding sexual outlet and their
willingness to pay for such an outlet. Without this demand, the supply for prostitutes
would disappear.

Another factor is the belief on the part of girls and boys that prostitution is an
easier way to make living than other pursuits open to them. This belief undoubtedly
attracts many into the occupation.

The girls from whom prostitutes are recruited seem to be those who come from
the economically deprived and poor social backgrounds, who have mental or emotional
inadequacies, who have had previous sexual experiences (mostly unfortunate), who have

been abandoned by husbands, and who have had contact with persons in or on the fridge
of prostitution.

The immediate causes of the epidemic are linked to HIVs modes of transmission.
These include unprotected penetrative se; transmission from mother to child before,
during or after birth; and transmission through transfusions and the sharing of blood or
blood products.

Underlying causes include societal denial and weak political commitment;

poverty and social inequality; gender divisions; population movement as a result of
famine, war and other causes; human rights abuse; and lack of dialogue about sex and
sexuality. All of these make it likely that infection continues to spread.

Young people may be especially vulnerable to infection. They may not receive
appropriate kinds of sex and personal relationship education. They may lack access to
relevant social support including youth friendly counseling and sexual health services.
Young women (and some young men) may be at particular risk through involvement in
sex work and prostitution. The tendency for older and more sexually experienced men to
prefer younger sexual partners also enhances their vulnerability.

II.
B. Effects of Prostitution

HIV and AIDS have serious and immediate effects within the family and
household. As parents and young people are affected, household income may fall.
Additional costs of healthcare, funerals and transport to clinics and hospital may have to
be met. While many households develop new ways of
stressed. The changing balance of labor within

the home

coping, other are severely

may encourage less labor

intensive and less nutritious crops to be grown. Widows and elderly people may lack
financial and moral support when, as the sole adult within the family, they have to
take on added responsibilities for the care of children and young people.

In recent times AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a fatal disease

which is highly contagious. There is no known cure so far.

The effects of prostitution on the rest of society are less easily discerned.
Standards of morality always dictate that prostitution is an unmitigated vice and yet side
by side with this morality prostitution has continued to exist. There is no doubt that the
effect is very undesirable to society as a whole.

VIII. STRATEGY USED IN COLLECTING DATA

Primary, the researcher searched information about the selected topic in books in
the Internet. Then, the researcher made a brief synopsis of a research article or any
thorough analysis of a particular subject which is all about Prostitution elevated for
reader to quickly establish the papers purpose. The researcher summarizes the written

work, characteristically a book into its shorter variety which is concise. The researcher
with the aid of her resources summarizes a group of associated reports for a reason that
the readers can quickly get hold of ideas and understand the vast quantity of books and
materials without reading all of it. The researcher necessitates being precise about her
work and employed different presentation of facts in history which means of words easily
attained by the reader and lastly the researcher demonstrates her work as authentic and
valid with ideas supporting on it to clearly exhibit the cause and effects of Prostitution in
the Philippines. In addition, the researcher illustrates picture pertinent to the study.
IX.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

There are many definition of prostitution. The simplest definition says that it is an
exchange of money for sexual purpose that is offering sexual contact for pay or in other
words it is an act of sexual business in exchange for money.
Grounds of prostitution stated: treatment by parent, bad company, family
prostitutes, social customs, inability to arrange marriage, lack of sex education, media,
prior incest, rape, early marriage and desertion, lack of recreational facilities, ignorance
and acceptance of prostitution so as economic causes includes poverty and distress or
psychological causes of physical pleasure, greed and dejection in the Philippines.
According to Ma. Luisa T. Camagay, Ph. D. the chairperson of the Department of
History, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (CSSP) of the University of the
Philippines: That it is important to have a historical knowledge on how and why of the
common ills of Philippines which is prostitution have existed in the past and postulate
why it still continues to exist today. Prostitution not only is inherently harmful and
dehumanizing to women and children; it also fuels the growth of trafficking in persons,

or modern-day slavery. Women and girls, worldwide, are lured to foreign nations with
promises of jobs. Then, they are forced into prostitution. With globalization and cheap
transportation, you can move people easier and quicker than guns or drugs. And you can
use them over and over and over again. You dont just sell them once and call it a day.

http://www.slideshare.net/socialreview/prostitution-in-the-philippine

WHATS BEING DONE TO HELP PROSTITUTES?

Finally passed in 2003, the Philippine is the first country in Southeast Asia to
come up with an act to protect women and children against trafficking, prostitution,
pornography and involuntary forced labor. Penalties can lead to six (6) years to life
imprisonment and fines up to two million pesos. For those who interact or buy services of
prostitution are usually penalized for first offenses with six months of community service
and a fine of fifty thousand pesos and for second and succeeding offenses face
imprisonment of one year and a fine of one hundred thousand pesos. Department of
Foreign Affairs, the Department of Labor and Employment and the Philippine Overseas
Employment Administration are mandated by RA9208 to come up with programs for
Filipinos who are involved and have been trafficked for the safety and prevention for this
further happened.1

The world must put an end to this kind of crime. But, stopping prostitution is hard
since almost all of the countries in the world have prostitution. As a Filipino Youth, I
believe that big changes start with small changes. If we make an effort to stop prostitution

in our country, it might have a big effect in stopping prostitution in the world. We
Filipinos must start to make a move in changing the world into a better place by putting
an end to this criminal act.

http://www.slideshare.net/reivew/prostitution-in-the-philippines

X.

CONCLUSION

Prostitution in our country is a very popular crime and many people in our
country are involved in this wrong act. This problem is not simple; it is actually one of
the major problems that our country is facing. Women whether underage or not are forced
to do this like this, this kind of act is not a solution for making ones life better, and it
actually worsens it.

Prostitution has been around for many decades. The Philippines had many victims
including women and children, becoming sex servants and working with sex feints to try
and support their families. To those patrons, it is a form of entertainment and a good time,
but they are degrading the lives and worth of those victims who do it only for the money.
Much of the people living in impoverished conditions do not have the simple things such
as food and water, let alone a good paying job. Sexuality is different all over the world,
but many dont choose to start at such a young age, and after all, many of them could
never overcome the trauma. If so many government officials and tourists are causing this

demand, the sex trade industry will never end. The Philippines is not alone in facing this
problem, the world is facing it as well. The crime is growing fast and it seems like no one
is making a move to put an end to this. Prostitution is nothing but a wrong act, a crime
will not do good anything for world.

Hopefully with new efforts finally being put forward, it will aid in the helping to
end child prostitution in the Philippines and in other places around the world. quote
;There has been no greater mass crime that I know of . . . that has been committed against
modern women, modern-day women, in the 20th century.quot;- Brig. Gen. Vorley M.
Rexroad (Ret.), January 17, 2001.

XI.

RECOMMENDATION
The researcher would like to recommend the future researchers to broadcast or
make future research about the Cause and Effects of Prostitution in the Philippines
specifically the impacts of it to our youth and also gather and present more information of
the ancestry of committing such.

XII.

APPENDIXES

Photo Editorial in renowned magazines by our fellow Filipino artist against Prostitution
and crimes:

Illustration above was drawn by our fellow Filipino artist in different well-known
magazines about the struggle against prostitution and what are its consequences in our society.
Prostitution: Don't let it cross your mind

The pictures above shows the positive effects and advantages of having a strong bond
with your family. As you can see in the picture, people need to respect everyone and live with
harmony in order for us to survive.
We are not alone in facing this problem, the whole world is facing it as well, and we all
need to realize that prostitution wont get you good condition and recognition.
XIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Book
F. Henriques, Prostitution and Society (3 vol., 196268); G. R. Scott

Internet
1. http://novella.mhhe.com/sites/0079876543/student_view0/research_center999/research_papers30/how_to_write_term_papers.html

2. http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/prevalence?s=t

3. http://www.amazon.com/The-History-Prostitution-Effects-Throughout/dp/1589637623

4. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Cause-And-Effect-Of-Prostitution-1051616.html

5. http://the-idea-shop.com/papers/prostitution.pdf

6. http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1063

7. http://www.childabuse.com/childhouse/childwatch/cwi/projects/indicators/prostitution/biblio.html
8. prostitution: Bibliography http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/society/prostitutionbibliography.html#ixzz3QBcmVKLN
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines