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EE-421: Power System Operation & Control (Sir Bilal Asad)

EE-422: Power System Protection
(Sir Aftab Almani)
EE-423: High Voltage Engineering
(Sir Haroon Nadeem)
EE-424: Electrical Machine Design & Equipment Training
(Sir Rasool Bux)

EE- 421 Power System Operation and Control

Introduction to power system control and its importance:. Modes of
Power system operation. Major tasks of operation.
SCADA (Supervisory control and Data Acquisition): System-Remote
terminal unit, Control Centers, Communication Sub System, remote terminal
unit, Control centers, Communication aspects.
Economic Dispatch: Characteristics of power generation units. Economic
dispatch problems with and without consideration of losses. Incremental fuel
cost, penalty factor, economic power interchange, Static and dynamic analysis
of a one-area system. Evaluation of effect of speed change on droop
characteristics.
Suggested Text:
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Power System Stability and Control by P. Kundur.

Power Generation Operation and Control by Woolen Barg
Power System Control Technology by Trosten Cegral.
P. S. R. Murthy, Operation & Control in Power System, B. S. Publication

EE- 422 Power System Protection

Causes of Over Voltages. Propagation of surges. Insulation coordination.
Determination of system voltages produced by traveling wave surges.
Protection against lightning. Surge arrestors and directors. Interference with
Communication circuits. Types, performance and selection of Fuses. Purpose,
type, selection and location of Reactors. Static, electromagnetic and

electromechanical relays. Microprocessor controlled relays. Short Circuit

calculations. Initiation of arc. Recovery voltage and restriking voltage.
Classification of circuit breakers. Protection Schemes.
Suggested Texts:
1. Y. G. Paithankar, S. R. Bhide, Fundamentals of Power System Protection, Prentice
Hall of India
2. Badri Ram, D. N. Vishwakarma, Power System Protection and Switchgear, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
3. S. Rao, Switchgear Protection and Power Systems, Khanna Publications

EE-423 High Voltage Engineering

Breakdown in Gases: Electrons as the best ionizers, Gases as an insulating
medium, ionization and decay and attachment process, breakdown in gases,
Townsends Theory, current growth equation in presence of primary and
secondary ionization processes.
Breakdown in Liquid and Solid Dielectrics: Pure and commercial liquids.
Conduction and Breakdown in pure and commercial liquids, Breakdown
mechanism in solid dielectrics: - intrinsic breakdown strength and breakdown,
electromechanical breakdown and thermal breakdown.
Lightning and Switching Over Voltages and Protection: Natural causes
for over voltages Lightning Phenomenon, Over voltage due to switching
surges, system faults and abnormal conditions, impulse voltage specificationswave front and wave tail time, protection from over voltages, horn gap type
lightning arrestor, Gap type
Generation of High Voltages and Current: Generation of high ac voltagesCascading of transformers series and parallel resonance system Generation of
high dc voltages:Measurement of High Voltage and High Currents and Non-destructive
Testing: Various methods of measurement of Peak voltage, impulse voltage
,high dc and ac voltage measurement, measurement of high current, cathode
ray oscillographs for impulse voltage and current measurement, measurement
of dielectric constant and loss factor, partial discharge measurements.

Suggested Texts:
1. C. L. Wadhwa, High Voltage Engineering, New Age International Publishers Ltd.
2. M. S. Naidu, V. Kamaraju High Voltage Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill Publication
Co. Ltd. New Delhi

EE-424 Electrical Machine Design and Equipment

Training
Part-A: Machine Design: Industrial standardization. National and
international standards, codes and testing laboratories. Manufacturing and
operating systems, Design considerations for electrical machines, Properties
and applications of materials for magnetic machine insulation system and its
design considerations, Thermal time constant. Cooling systems of transformers
and rotating machines. Duty cycles. Ratings and temperature-rise. Mechanical
design considerations. Specific loading and output equations of power
transformer and induction motor. Design of transformer or induction motor.
Introduction to computer Aided Design (CAD) and, computer aided
manufacturing (CAM).
Part-B: Installation, Maintenance and trouble shooting of machines:
Safety precautions, trouble shooting and emergency repairs. Installation,
commissioning, testing maintenance, and trouble shooting of (i) Power
Transformer and (ii) Induction Motors. (iii) Ac generators.
Part-C Equipments training (Practical): measurement of magnetic flux ,
inductance and reluctance of a part of electrical machines study of transformer
and rotating machine parts. Understanding operating principles , ratings and
application of following equipment. Power supplies, magnetic contactors,
thermal overloads, miniatutre circuit breakers, metallic Clad circuit breakers ,
earth leakage circuit breaker, clip on meters, cable fault locators, Meger earth
tester, Relay testers, Motor controllers, tachometers, phase tester (L.V and
H.V)
Suggested Texts:

Khanna, 1990. Testing Commissioning Operation and Maintenance of Electrical

Equipment. 3rd ed., Khanna Publisher, India.