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One

Shot Circuit
Table of Contents
Disclaimer .................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3
The Circuit ................................................................................................................. 4
Power ........................................................................................................................ 5
Timing and Trigger ..................................................................................................... 6
Output ....................................................................................................................... 8
PCB .......................................................................................................................... 10
Bill of materials ........................................................................................................ 13
Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 14

Disclaimer

Using this circuit/design implies the acceptance of the following terms:

1. The usage of this circuit is under your completely responsibility. Any damage,
malfunction or side effect produced by it is at your own risk.
2. Ensure yourself that you have sufficient electrical knowledge and skills
(soldering, relays, power connections, safety) to build, use and install this
circuit.
3. Before using this circuit you must ensure yourself that you understand how it
works and how must be used, his drawbacks and the protections and
precautions that must be taken. Read this document completely before usage.
4. You accept that this circuit is not going to be used for any illegal action.


Introduction

This circuit implements a multi porpoise delay or time-out circuit. It is based on the
veteran 555 IC and its mono stable configuration.

For what?, this circuit is designed for driving its output high (or low) during some time
(it depends on the value of a capacitor and a resistor) since its powered on (only one
time). So it drives the output high for some time when it is powered. And for what you
can use it?, well, whenever you need something on or off for some time at startup

The 555 IC is an old and frequently used IC on time related circuits, is cheap, versatile,
available, configurable and all able you can think.

You can find documentation about the 555 all around Internet but I suggest you:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm
http://www.doctronics.co.uk/555.htm
http://home.cogeco.ca/~rpaisley4/LM555.html
http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM555.pdf

The main characteristics that are useful for our target environment (a car) of that
integrated circuit are:

Supply voltage: from 4.5v to 16v (some models allow up to 18v). This is perfect
for our 12v-14v environment as we dont need to take care about power supply
conversion (up or down), regulation, fluctuations and so on.
Output voltage: two volts less than the input more or less (some models give
rail to rail).
Output current: 200 ma, sufficient enough to power up (sourcing or sinking) a
relay, a lamp or a led. Read the datasheet of your 555 model because for
example the icm7555 is a low power version that can only sink or source 20ma,
insufficient for a relay or lamp.
Configurable time delay using only one resistor and one capacitor.

The Circuit

Here is the schematic of the circuit:


The circuit can be dissected on:
Center: the 555 Integrated Circuit
Bottom right: power supply connect here the battery positive and negative
terminals. It uses a 0.1uF capacitor for decoupling.
Far left: auto trigger (C1 & R1) fires up the 555 on power on.
Left : timing. The delay configuration is made by capacitor C and resistor R
following the formula: T = 1.1 * C * R , C in farads, R in ohms, and the result will
be in seconds. In our example T = 1.1 * 0.0001 * 36000 = 3.96s
Right top: output section: from top to bottom: direct lamp connection, led
output and last relay output.

Each section is depth explained on the following pages.


Power



As you can see the power supply must be connected to pins 1 (GND) and pin 8 (VCC) of
the 555.

You must connect the battery positive 12v to BAT+ and battery negative or ground to
BAT-.

Considerations that you may take into account:

The circuit is not protected with a fuse. So take care in order to not produce a
short circuit.
There is no reverse power supply protection, so dont swap BAT+ or BAT-. A
protection diode could be used but this will drop the voltage and will make the
lamp output a lamp darker than without it, so add it if you need it.
There is a small 0.1uF decoupling capacitor on the input, if you need a bigger
power reservoir increase its capacity or use a big one in parallel.

Timing and Trigger



Here you can see the timing and triggering section of the circuit, trigger on pin two,
and timing configuration on six and seven.

The chosen configuration of the 555 is its mono stable one, what does that means?,
the 555 have four main configurations:

Astable: for square wave generation
Monostable: giving a single pulse when triggered
Bistable: working as a bistable.
Buffer: inverting buffer.

We are interested on the second one, monostable in order to generate a single pulse
when the circuit is triggered.

What means triggered?, the circuit fires its output high when the trigger pin goes from
high to low producing a negative pulse on the second pin the 555 is triggered (look at
the pin and see that it is negated so is an active low signal/pin).

For how long?, it depends on R and C, connected both to pin 6&7. The duration of the
pulse can be calculated using the formula: T = 1.1 * C * R, and as was said before, C in
farads and R in ohms, in our example T = 1.1 * 0.0001 * 36000 = 3.96s.

As you can see both the firing and timing sections of the circuit are the same but with
different values. This kind of circuits based on a resistor and a capacitor are known as a
RC circuit and is widely studied and used on analogue electronics.

Basically a RC circuit is a delay circuit, the capacitor C is charged using the current that
passes by R. Why we need R?, because we need to limit in some way the current that
charges the capacitor. So the bigger R is, the slow C will be charged; the bigger C is
bigger is the time needed to charge it.

You may ask if a RC circuit is a time delay circuit on its own, why dont use it for our
porpoise?. Well Im not an electronics engineer but some reasons come quickly to my
mind. First of all the non-linearity of the capacitor charging, it follows an exponential
curve, so the capacitor voltage follows an exponential curve. Second the current that
this circuit allows will be low and there will be a lot of power dissipation on the
resistor. Third, how will this circuit be discharged to have its output low after some
time?. I think that there are a lot of reasons that this circuit will not be suitable for our
porpoises and the handy cheap and old 555 is our best friend here.

When configuring the timing of the circuit you must consider:

First choose the capacitor value, as capacitors are available in many less values
than resistors. The maximum capacitance of a capacitor will be 1000uF (used
for large delays).
If you choose big resistors the capacitor will charge slowly, and if it is a bad
capacitor (electrolytic for example) it will have leakage currents, so if the
leakage currents are greater than the charge rate the capacitor will never
charge up and it will not fire the internals of the 555 to enable the output high.
The accuracy of the explained formula depends on the quality and tolerance of
the components used.
If you need a variable delay do it using a variable resistor in series with a 1K
resistor because the 555 needs a minimum of 1K resistor on the timing pins
6&7.
The pin CV (5) is tied to ground using a decoupling capacitor, in some 555
models this capacitor is not needed and can be removed, read the datasheet
and if you doubt use it.
The reset pin (4) is also active low so it is tied directly to positive in order to
prevent a false reset.

Output


Finally here we have the output stage of the circuit.

As we said previously the pin number 3 will go high for 1.1*R*C in this configuration
when the 555 is triggered.

The 555 allow in its output pin (3) a maximum load of 200ma (check your part number
as some versions allows less current). Sufficient enough for all the three outputs that
are proposed here (From top to bottom):

Lamp: direct lamp driving, as lamps dont needs a current limiting resistor,
connect this output to a lamp on the car. If power is voltage plus intensity, in
our environment of 12v and 0.2 amps that the 555 supports we can use as
maximum 0.2 * 12 = 2.4W lamp.
Led: nowadays cars also have LEDs on the dashboard and in other places, so
this output is designed for them. As you may know LEDs needs a current
limiting resistor in order to no blow up, so choose R2 to limit the LED current.
Typical LED working current is in the range of 20 or 25 milliamps, so at 12V, I =
V/R, R = V/I, R = 12/0.025, R = 480 ohms. So using the next standard value of
560 or 680 will be sufficient.
Relay: If we need more power or drive anything different than a led or lamp,
use this output. This output uses a Single Pole Dual Throw relay, or SPDT relay,
meaning that with only one controlling signal (output pin 3 of the 555) we
control two different outputs on the relay, one normally open that is
disconnected when the relay is off and one that is normally closed when the
relay is off. What signal or voltage goes throw the relay, well, if you see the
circuit none. You must do a short circuit between the pads V+ or GND to the IN
pad, choosing on this way what voltage will be present on the relay.

The two diodes used on the relay are used for protecting the 555 and are NOT
optional.


One relay that it will be suitable for your needs would be the:



So if we follow the Model Number Legend for a 12V environment we end with the
model G5V-1 12VDC

If you need something different feel free to choose another brand or model.

PCB



Here you have the PCB proposed for that circuit where you can see at the top right the
power connection, top left the input of the relay (short circuit with the soldering iron
to V+ or GND), middle right the timing resistor and capacitor, middle center the 555,
middle left the relay, bottom left the relay output and bottom middle the LED and
LAMP outputs.


Also here you have the a cleaner PCB without packages, names and so:

Here you have a render of the circuit using Eagle3D, some components are missing
because the package is not present on Eagle3D (for example the G5V1 relay)


The dimensions of the circuit are about four squared cm.

Bill of materials

Here is the BOM for that circuit:

ICs
555 IC: NE555 or similar

Resistors (1/4w)


R (choose it for your time needs) (36K and a 100uF gives us a 3.96s pulse)

R1 100K

R2 560 or 680 ohms

Capacitors (electrolytic or another polarized ones)


C (choose it for your time needs) (100uF and 36K gives us a 3.96s pulse)

C1 1uF

C2 0.01uF

C3 0.1uF


Diodes (power ones not signal diodes)


D1 any 1N400X will be ok, for example 1N4004

D2 same as D1

Relay



K1 one suitable for your needs, for example the Omrom G5V-1 12VDC



Conclusion

Attached to this document you may have received the cadsoft eagle
(http://www.cadsoftusa.com) schematics and board files to modify the circuit to suit
your needs, print a transparent sheet or whatever you need to produce the pcb.

Also, as the circuit is not very complicated, it could be done with a perforated pcb
board.

I remember you that I had no responsibility on the usage or damage caused by this
design, use it at your own, I do my best but maybe I did something wrong, so try it and
test it before using for something serious.

Finally I want to give thanks to the Digital Kaos forum (http://www.digital-kaos.co.uk),
and all the cool people around there. Thanks guys for your fantastic work and help.

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