E1E1-E2 CM

RF Planning and Drive Test

for BSNL internal circulation only

A cell can be defined

as the area covered
by one sector

Main Elements of Radio

Network
Mobile station
Base Transceiver Station

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RF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The RF design inputs can be divided into
Capacity requirements
Erlang per subscriber during the busy hour
Quality of service for the air interface, in terms GoS

Coverage requirements
Target coverage areas.
Coverage area probability
Penetration Loss of buildings and in-cars

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CAPACITY AND COVERAGE

Determine number of cells required for capacity

by using Erlang formula.
Determine number of cells required for coverage
by using propagation model.

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ERLANG
One erlang ( Erl) is defined as the amount of
traffic generated by the user when he or she
uses one traffic channel for one hour.

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ERLANG TABLES
Commonly used Erlang tables are
Erlang B
Erlang C

Erlang B assumes that if calls cannot go through

then they get dropped (i.e. no queuing possible).
Erlang C considers that if a call does not get
through then it will wait in a queue.

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ERLANG TABLES
These tables give information about the traffic
generated by X No. of TRXs for different Grades
of Service.

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for BSNL internal circulation only

POSSIBLE CHANNEL COMBINATIONS

Timeslots
0
RT 0

BCCH

RT 1

TCH

1
SDCCH

2
CCCH

3
TCH

TCH

5
TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

CC TCH
SMS SS
TCH
CM

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

TCH

RT 2

RT 3

SDCCH

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FREQUENCY RE-USE
Frequency re-use factor depends on
the average number of the transceivers
the total number of frequencies.

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FREQUENCY RE-USE FACTOR

If there are 3 TRX that are used per base station
and the total number of frequencies available is
27.The total number of frequencies available for
re-use is 27/3 = 9

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PROPOGATION MODELS

There are few theoretical models and many

empirical models to predict the propagation path
loss.
Propagation models should be applied with
caution .
Network planning tools will combine these
models with terrain data.
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PROPOGATION MODELS
For Macro Cell
Okumura-Hata model

For Micro Cell

Walfisch-ikegami model

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PROCESS OF RADIO NETWORK

PLANNING
Collection of the input parameters
Pre planning
Site survey
Frequency allocation
Parameter planning
The final radio network plan involves rest of the
parameters like power budget calculations and
considering path loss calculations.
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OPTIMISATION
Optimization involves monitoring, verifying and
improving the performance of the radio network.

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WHAT IS OPTIMIZATION

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OPTIMISATION
Power amplifiers are located near the
transmission antennas.
The boosters are located near the base station.

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DIVERSITY
Diversity is the most common way to improve
the reception power of the receiving antenna.
Major diversity techniques are
space diversity
frequency diversity
polarization diversity
(In our field polarisation diversity is being used)

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RADIO NETWORK PLANNING

AND OPTIMIZATION
o Study of methods required for optimization:

o Traffic estimation in terms of erlangs

o Configuration of Time slots of TRX
o Calculation of frequency re use factor
o Application of suitable propagation model
o Methods to improve signal received by MS
o Study of RRM ( Radio resource management)
o Study of KPIs( Key performance parameters)

for BSNL internal circulation only

MS

BTS

BSC

MSC
DTAP
CM

RIL3 - CM
RIL3 - MM
RIL3 - RR

RR

LAPD m

LAPD m

Layer 1

BTSM

LAPD

Layer 1

Um

M
A I
P
S

DTAP
MM
RIL 3RR
BTSM

LAPD

BSSMAP
SCCP

BSSMAP
SCCP

MTP

Layer 1

A bis
A link
GSM Signaling Protocols Overview
for BSNL internal circulation only

TCAP U
SCCP P

MTP
Layer 1

BCDEFG

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The radio resource management (RRM) is the
functions related to
mobile location updation
communication management issues such as
handover and roaming procedure handling

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LINK PROTOCOLS
To execute these management functions,
information flow (traffic and signalling) takes
place via three protocols, known as link
protocols .

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LINK PROTOCOLS
LAPDm is present over the MS-BTS connection
LAPD over the BTS-BSC connection.
MTP is used for signalling transport over the
SS7 network.

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STUDY OF KPIs
Once a radio network is designed and
operational, its performance is monitored.
The performance is compared against chosen
key performance indicators (KPIs).
After fine-tuning, the results are then applied to
the network to get the desired performance.

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STUDY OF KPIs
KPls can be subdivided according to the areas
of functioning, such as
area level
cell level
TRX level.

Area-level KPls can include

SDCCH requests
dropped SDCCH total
dropped SDCCH Abis failures
outgoing MSC control handover (HO) attempts
outgoing BSC control HO attempts
intra-cell HO attempts, etc.
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DRIVE TEST PROCESS

Selection of the 'live' region of the network
Selection of the drive testing path.
To have the appropriate kits including
Mobile equipment (usually three mobiles)
Drive testing software (on a laptop)
A GPS (global positioning system) unit.

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DRIVE TEST TOOL PHYSICAL SET UP

Drive Test Equipments for Voice & PS call
Short call

Long Call

USB1

USB2

Idle
USB3

GPS
PS
Com 1

Data Card

scanner

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Tools
1. Scanner
2. Drive Test
Software
3.UE
4.PC
5.GPS

DRIVE TEST PROCESS

Two mobiles are used to generate calls with a
gap of few seconds (usually 15-20 s).
The third mobile is usually used for testing the
coverage.
It makes one continuous call, and if this call
drops it will attempt another call.

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DRIVE TEST PROCESS

To collect enough samples at a reasonable
speed and in a reasonable time.
If there are lots of dropped calls, the problem is
analysed to find a solution for it and to propose
changes.

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OPTIMISATION SOLUTION
Moving antenna locations
Altering antenna heights
Changing ARFCNs
Antenna orientation adjustment
Rectifying the faults in the steps followed before
finalisation of Radio network planning.

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DRIVE TEST TOOL

TEMS offers solutions for
Planning
Development
Optimizing
Troubleshooting
Expanding mobile networks

Optimized networks mean lower operational

costs.
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DRIVE TEST TOOL

TEMS products allow efficient monitoring,
diagnosing and benchmarking in order to make
best use of available resources.
They also enable engineers to troubleshoot
problems quickly.

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TEMS CELLPLANNER UNIVERSAL

TEMS Cell Planner Universal is Ericssons tool
for mobile radio network planning.
It is a
highly graphical
easy-to-use
PC-based tool for design
Realization
Optimization of mobile radio networks.
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TEMS CELLPLANNER UNIVERSAL

It assists the user in a number of complex tasks,
including
network dimensioning
traffic planning
site configuration
frequency planning.

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TEMS CELLPLANNER UNIVERSAL

It supports for
WCDMA
GSM 850,GSM 900,GSM 1800,GSM 1900
iDEN
CDMA,CDMA2000 1xRTT
TDMA/AMPS
NMT 450, NMT 900
TACS, and E-TACS.
GPRS and EGPRS (EDGE) in GSM system.

for BSNL internal circulation only

for BSNL internal circulation only