Five factors for womens musical success: family musical involvement, access to education,

social/financial means for musical opportunities, personal/domestic challenges, and sociocultural conditions of the time
Nadia Boulanger: French conductor, was the first woman to conduct the royal philharmonic
and BBC symphony orchestra in England
Positive aspects of girl groups of the 1960s: represent the first entry of women into rock,
lyrics often addressed topics of importance to young women, many women composed songs
for girl groups and some women were involved in production
Negative aspects of girl groups of the 1960s: lyrics were presented in passive voice, almost no
artistic input, Loss of individuality of performers, women were sometimes financially
exploited, were quickly replaced to suit the needs of producers
Genre of Amy beach: popular music
Why is Amy beach important to American music: First American woman to succeed
as a composer of large-scale art music, composed 300 works, self- taught
orchestration

Joan Towers Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman was the feminist response to Aaron Coplands
earlier Fanfare for the Common Man
Florence Price: First African American woman to win widespread recognition as a
symphonic composer, known for incorporating black vernacular music sources into her art
music works
The large scale forms in which she composed: Piano Sonata in e minor,
Mvt. II Andante, Symphony No. 1 in e minor, Mvt. III
Meredith Monks compositions utilize experimentation with the human voice
and often use vocalizations rather than words
Laurie Anderson includes aspects of performance art in her music (such as
lights in her mouth) and has invented musical instruments (such as the tape
bow violin) to create new sounds
What was the major award won by Ellen Taaffe Zwilichs Symphony No. 1 and
why winning this was significant: won the Pulitzer Prize in composition
Both Shulamit Ran and Chen Yi are composers who combine Middle Eastern
(Ran) and Asian (Yi) influences into their Western large scale compositions

Why gender segregation resulted in the establishment of a number of

women only ensembles in both orchestral and jazz music: more difficult for
women horn players and drummers to enter the gender-integrated big
band scene, Informal social networking was the main access to gigs, and
women were often cut off from the system

Music videos have traditionally shown women with images that emphasized
their sexuality and put them in a position of lesser power than men
Technological advances (tape recorders, digital technology, computers) have driven
musical change
Roots of music technology are in physics, math, and mechanics fields that were
traditionally closed to women