12/3/13

Great Power countries 19th century:

Great Britain-industrializes, becomes very wealthy
Prussia- turned to Germany
Austria-turned to Hungary
Russia- did not industrialize, fell to bottom 5
France-industrializes, becomes second most wealthy
Rising Nations:
Japan- industrialized in 19th century, japan attacks Russian in 1905, and
defeats them.
U.S.- slow to gain acceptance as great power
Italy- too to wwi to become civil state
Ottoman Empire- by end of 19th century it is known as the sick man of
Europe(really corrupt), elite soldiers were attacked by emperor. Start
losing countries(Greece in 1830, Egypt).
By 1890 there were too many rivalries. Britain and Germany had great
armies building but they were not fighting anyone at the time. Austria
made an alliance with Germany, and France became allies with
Russians. Russia was on its own for the most part. From 1890 on there
are several crisis that are faced that almost lead to war, those crisis
were stopped by leading to was by Germany or Britain. Japan caught
countries by surprise when they attack asia because those other
countries were so afraid of losing land in Europe. European countries
had no boats in Asian seas.
Crisis- most take place between 1905 -1914. Moracan crisis-french try
to move inot Moraco, Germany doesnt want them to so they side with
rebels and they blockade coast so that France couldnt get in. British
say if germans continue to do that they will go to war so Germany
backed out.
Alliances were going to be set up soley for military reasons.:
Triple Alliance 1904- Germany Austria Hungary. It was a treaty to
protect each other during war. Italy then joins in on the alliance. Italy
leaves in 1911, Ottaman Empire takes there place.
French and English join their own alliance (eutant Cordgal) sometimes
Russia is in it, British do not want them in it, they dont like absolute
monarch(Russia) French have to take the back of Russia which makes
British take the back of French.
Countries start naming neutrality of lands. Belgium goes to agree trade
with British as long as British help support them during war.
Shot heard round the war- Austria-Hungarian emperor, Ferdanandbeen ruling for a while, his air to the thrown was France Ferdinand,

France Ferdand travels in open top convertible and a bomb is thrown

close to them and explodes but did not injure the car, the driver
speeds off in another direction, until gabrillo goes into a bar caf to get
a sandwich and there coming to a halt was the car containing
Ferdinand, then shoot Ferdinand in the car. He was a Serbian and
Serbians wanted A-H so they wanted to kill the person who was going
to take over A-H, less then a month later A-H gives Serbia ultimatum
that if they do not expose that Serbian government was behind
murder. July 23 1913 gives ultimatum to Serbians, on July 30 A-H
declare war on Serbia, Serbia declares war on A-H, Russia the declares
war on A-H, A-H declares war on Russia then (1914). 2 days later on
August 1st final block falls into place, Germany takes side of A-H
declares war against Serbia and Russia. 3rd of August Germany
declares war on France. On the 3rd of august Germany breaks neutrality
of Belgium. 4th of august Britain declares war on Germany, Germans
push into France and Russia, Turks/ A-h push into Serbia.
Mutiny begins in Russian army, Lennon starts communist party and
over throughs Russia and causes them to pull out of the war.
GB-borrowed 3.9696 bill dollars
Germany lost 6mill people
Gb lost 4 mill people
U.S-330 thousand

12.5.2013
Meeting with all countries that lost in WWI. They take land from Russia
while they are in full revolt. Nations that met were the ones that fought
the hardest and had the most casualties. There were different voices
that were heard. France wanted payment of land that got messed up
from Germany, they wanted battle ships from Germany to recoup
loses.
British did not want a lot.
Italy also saw a lot of destruction so there was a call for A-H to pay
some of its wealth to Italy, Italians took land from them.
Austria becomes carved up.
Turkey has very little happen to it. Greeks take that land from them,
other wise they are in shambles, the result of the war the Ottaman
Empire falls. Becomes only Muslim country that doesnt have
government affect what it does.
a-H was widdled down a lot. Treaty makers decided if they could make
A-H smaller than there would be less tension between other countries.
Germany has some land loses.

Germany takes blame for the war, when they signed treaty they were
the only ones who got blame. Even though it was A-H that started the
war. Germany did push france and Britain into the war.
U.S becomes most prosperous power in the world. Woodrow Wilson
surrendered most of his best desires, he had a notion for a league of
nation. He thought war could be gone with league of nations. Everyone
agreed except it was never authorized in the United States. It had no
means to stop warfare, it was recognized that league of nations failed.
Within a couple of years everything goes wrong.
Germans couldnt pay for their debt. German money became very
inflated. Huge inflation occurred. In 1923 it got so bad and Woodrow
Wilson sends someone to meet with powers and tells them they cant
make Germany try to pay for all of these payments. This causes the
depression that effects the U.S. The economic future was made off the
debt that was supposed to be paid. Germans start suffering because
they were really poor. Radical elements started to rise. Some of these
groups were communist, one small group called Nash, they began to
take on as Germanys leader. A man fit none of the qualifications. He
had wrote a couple of books. It was Hitler. Hes put in jail for his press.
While hes in jail people read his book and start to rise. People get mad
because they didnt know why WWI ended and they lost. They began
to blame Jews slovs and non national people. Anyone they thought that
was weakening the German land. Their ideal man was peer blooded
Germany. By 1927 Hitler is elected to parliament, within a year of that
happening he becomes assistant to prime minister then becomes
prime minister then creates Nazi government. They secretly were
building factories to build guns because they werent supposed to have
them. West turns a blind eye to this. 1933 he rose to power. In 1938
Germany shows they do have arms. Their economy is going well and
they are paying pack their debts which impressed west but they didnt
want to get into a war. 1938 Austria is brought into Germany, the idea
is that Austria is German so they belong to them, west thinks its a
fine. 1938 later on check part was annexed and taken over by
Germany and nothing is done by west. British prime minister didnt
want to get into a war so he did not do anything about it. In 1938
armies move to rest of check and they fall. New Nazi armies marched
into check and won it. This was not supposed to happen and British
prime minister gets mad and flies out to meet Hitler. Hitler says he is
sorry and says thats all he want. Soon after Poland is invaded by
Germany. Other countries then go to war on Germany. Italian leader
was impressed by Hitler so he makes a treaty with government. Poland
falls and 1940 France is invaded. And at the same time Russia is
invaded. French were overrun and surrender very quickly. Russian
situation was surprising to Stalin because they had a secret treaty that
they would split Poland and not invade each other. Hitler takes all of
Poland and invades Russia (this is his worst mistake)(didnt listen from

napoleon). 1941 British still havent recovered from WWI, only one
group is fighting Germans (Russians). BY 1941 Germans cross North
Africa and in middle east. They have many natural resources they go to
Norway to find nuclear power. 1941 December 7th British start to fight
in north Africa against Germans, a third member of axis of German
Italian pack the japan attack pearl harbor. FDR wanted to go to war but
no one wanted to. Some wanted US to side with Germany. After Pearl
Harbor is bombed the next day a declaration of war is passed. It takes
a year for US to get up to steam. US did not go over to Russia it took
year but then in 1945 war is ended. Devastation of war was enormous
not just on soldiers but also innocent people. Innocent people attacked
and bombed. Speaks true to evil that man is capable of.