Vocabulary

Unit 1

ray - a narrow beam of light, heat or other energy (zrak)

reach - to arrive at a place (dostii)
giant very big, huge (ogroman, divovski)
leap - a long or high jump (skok)
assassinate - to murder an important or famous person, especially for political reasons (ubiti)
competition an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at sth
(takmienje)
abuse - the use of something in a way that it should not be used (zloupotreba)
famine - a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and
many people die (glad)
wonder - something or a quality in sth that fills you with surprise and admiration (udo)
ancient very old (stari, drevni)
amazing - so surprising you can hardly believe it (zapanjujui)
surely certainly (sigurno)
increase rise (porasti, uveati se)
step out go out (izai)
mankind all human beings thought about as one large group (ovjeanstvo)
statement - something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion (izjava)
space probe - a spacecraft without people in it, that is sent into space to collect information about
the conditions there and send the information back to Earth (sonda)
observatory - a special building from which scientists watch the moon, stars, weather etc
(opservatorija)
sign - an event, fact etc that shows that something is happening or that something is true or exists;
indication (znak)
hold - if the future holds something, that is what may happen (ta donosi budunost)
advance progress (napredak)
benefit - to be useful to sb (imati koristi od neega)
comfort - the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life,
with everything that you need (udobnost, komfor)
humble - (of a thing) not large or special in any way (skroman)
average - calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the
number of amounts (prosjeni)
life expectancy : oekivani ivotni vijek
rise rose risen go up, increase (porasti)
estimated - to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc of something, without calculating it exactly
(procijeniti)
work out calculate; to calculate an answer, amount, price etc (izraunati)
greed - a strong desire for more wealth, possessions, power, etc. than a person needs (pohlepa)
take part participate (uestvovati)
blade - a single flat leaf of grass (list trave)
ear - the top part of a grain plant, such as wheat, that contains the seeds (klas)

hunger - lack of food, especially for a long period of time, that can cause illness or death (glad)

Yes/No questions
Yes/No questions require short answers with repeated auxiliary verbs. We call them yes/no
questions because the answer is either yes or no:
Are you hungry? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.
Have you been to England? Yes I have. / No, I havent.
We form yes/no questions like this:
We put the verb BE before the subject:
BE
Are
Is
Was

SUBJECT
they
he
she

Or we put an auxiliary verb (be, have, will, shall, can, may etc.) before the subject:
AUXILIARY + SUBJECT
Is
Mark
Have
they
Are
you
Will
they

+ VERB
leaving?
gone?
singing?
win?

With Present Simple verbs, we put do or does before the subject:

DO
Does
Do

busy?
ready?
here?

+ SUBJECT
she
they

+ VERB
work
live

in Paris?
in New York?

With Past Simple verbs, we put DID before the subject:

DID
Did
Did

+ SUBJECT
she
they

VERB
visit
go
to

Paris?
Spain?

Wh- and How questions

On the other hand there are questions that ask for specific information. They are formed with
question words such as where, when, why, who, which, how

In questions with be and an auxiliary verb, we put the subject after the auxiliary verb:
QUESTION WORD + BE/AUXILIARY VERB
Where
are
Who
is
Why
is
How
will

+ SUBJECT + VERB
they?
the president?
he
leaving?
she
get
here?

In questions with a Present or Past Simple verb, we put DO/DOES/DID before the subject:
QUESTION WORD + DO/DOES/DID + SUBJECT + VERB
Where
does
she
live?
Why
did
you
phone
Where
did
he
live?

the police?

There are subject questions where a question word is the subject of the sentence at the same time. If
it is so, the order of the words is the same as in a statement, i.e there are no auxiliary verbs (be,
do/does/did) in them:
Ann: Who wrote Hamlet? (=Somebody wrote Hamlet. Who =subject)
Marry: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
What is in that dish? (=Something is in it. What =subject)
What happened to your eye?
Who broke the window?
Who wants an ice-cream?

What, Which, and Whose can combine with a noun, and How can combine with an adjective or an
adverb:

What sort of music do you like?

What kind of cigarettes do you smoke?
What size shoes do you take?
What color are your shoes?
Which pen do you want?
Which way is it to the station?
Whose book is this?
How much do you weigh?
How many brothers and sisters have you got? (How many + countable noun)
How many times have you been on a plane?
How much homework do you get every night? (How much + uncountable noun)
How tall are you?
How often do you go to the cinema?
How long does it take you to get to school?
How far is it from Amsterdam to Paris?

MAKING WH-QUESTIONS
MAKING WH-QUESTIONS THROUGH A THREE-STAGE SYSTEM
WH-questions se prave na isti nain kao i YES/NO questions, s tim to je na poetku pitanja upitna
rije1. Treba dakle imati na umu da posle WH-word (when, where, why, how, how many, what) slijedi upitan
oblik, a ne potvrdan, a upitan oblik se gradi prema pravilima koja su data pri objanjavanju vremena. Tako
e upitan oblik reenice koja je u Simple Present Tensu poinjati sa do ili does + subjekat + infinitiv
glavnog glagola, upitan oblik reenice koja je u Simple Past Tensu poee se did, nakon kojeg slijedi
subjekat reenice i naravno infinitiv glavnog glagola, a kod svih ostalih vremena upitan oblik gradiemo
inverzijom. Graenje WH-questions moemo objasniti i kao proces koji se odvija u tri faze.
Faza I: identifikacija vremena u potvrdnoj reenici (npr. reenica She arrived early this morning je
u Simple Past Tensu )
Faza II: preinaenje reenice iz potvrdnog u upitan oblik na osnovu pravila o graenju upitnog
oblika za odreeno vrijeme (u sluaju reenice She arrived early this morning, s obzirom da je u pitanju
Simple Past Tense, upitan oblik se gradi dodavanjem pomonog glagola did na poetak upitne reenice i
vraanjem glavnog glagola u osnovni oblik-infinitiv: DID she ARRIVE early this morning?)
Faza III: dodavanje odgovarajue upitne rijei ispred upitnog oblika u zavisnosti od toga koji dio
reenice je podvuen. Ilustrujmo to na datoj reenici: Ako je u reenici She arrived early this morning
podvuena priloka odredba early this morning, WH-question poeemo upitnim prilogom WHEN i nae
pitanje glasie WHEN DID SHE ARRIVE? (Naravno podvueni dio reenice izuzimamo iz postavljenog
pitanja!)
A. NAPRAVITE WH-QUESTION ZA SVAKU OD DATIH REENICA VODEI SE SISTEMOM 3
FAZE KAKO BISTE DOLI DO KONANOG ODGOVORA. PRVA REENICA JE URAENA.
REENICA

FAZA I
(IDENTIFIKOVAN
JE VREMENA)

FAZA II
(UPITAN
OBLIK)

FAZA III
(WH-QUESTION:
KONAAN
ODGOVOR)

She lives in Berlin.

Simple Present Tense

Does she live in

Berlin?

Where does she live?

I started work on Monday.

I closed the door because I was

cold.
Pod terminom `upitna rije misli se na upitne zamjenice ili priloge: what, who, whose, where, when, how, how
much, how often, how many, why itd.
1

Linda is talking to Paul.

She was reading newspapers all
day yesterday.
I go shopping every Saturday
morning.
Weather will be nice tomorrow.

They have built a house.

My sunglasses cost $45.

FINAL STEP TOWARDS MAKING WH-QUESTIONS

A. MAKE QUESTIONS FOR THE SENTENCES ASKING ABOUT THE UNDERLINED.
AFFIRMATIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I read books very often. (Simple Present Tense)

I read2 a book last week. It was awesome! (Simple Past Tense)
I am reading her book at the moment. (Present Continuous Tense)
I was reading a book at 8 oclock yesterday morning. (Past Continuous Tense)
I have read his book recently. (Present Perfect Tense)
I will read that book as soon as I get a chance. (Future Simple Tense)

QUESTION FORMS
A. ANSWERS:
QUESTION WORD
UPITNA RIJE

AUXILIARY VERB

POMONI GLAGOL

SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

SUBJEKAT

GL. GLAGOL

1.

WHAT

DO

YOU

2.

WHAT

DID

YOU

Verb read is irregular: READ READ READ

READ?
READ?

3.

WHAT

ARE

YOU

4.

WHAT

WERE

YOU

READING?

5.

WHAT

HAVE

YOU

READ?

6.

WHAT

YOU

READ?

WILL

READING?

Kao to vidite samo za Present Simple Tense (1. reenica) i za Past Simple Tense (2. reenica) pri
pravljenju pitanja uvodimo pomoni glagol DO/DOES i DID.
A za ostala vremena (Present Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Present Perfect i Future
Simple), koji u svojoj formi ve imaju pomone glagole (BE, HAVE, WILL), ne uvodimo nikakve druge
pomone glagole, ve pitanje pravimo inverzijom.

B. MAKE WH-QUESTIONS USING THE RULES GIVEN.

FORM

QUESTIONS

Present Simple Tense

She meets a lot of people every day.

How many..?

Past Simple Tense

He met an old friend yesterday.

When ?

Present Continuous Tense

We are doing a tense revision now.

What ?

Past Continuous Tense

He was studying all day yesterday.

When ..?

Present Perfect Tense

I have lived in Podgorica for 26 years.

Where ..?

Future Simple Tense

I will go to the cinema tomorrow.

When ..?

C. MAKE QUESTIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS USING THE GIVEN QUESTION
WORDS:
1. The plane landed at 6 o'clock.
When ..
2. He talks about politics all day long.
What.
3. She keeps her clothes in a large wardrobe.
Where...
4. She gave a present to her boyfriend.
Who..
5. They have been watching a film on TV.
What.
6. They went to the supermarket yesterday.
When
7. We were in London last year.
Where..
8. They had arrived home by taxi.
How.
9. He is very interested in music.
What.
10. I was looking for my book of English.
What.
E. MAKE QUESTIONS FOR THE SENTENCES ASKING ABOUT THE UNDERLINED.
1. They left at eleven o'clock last night.

2. They have been talking about his new job.

3. She always buys her clothes in this department store.

4. She gave the report to the secretary.

5. They will have built a new house here by neyt year.

6. I have known my teacher for three months.

7. We will stop at the petrol station because we've run out of petrol.

8. They had been interested in research work.

9. The police are looking for a murderer.

10. He has studied for the exam.

11. He will have been working in a summer camp next week.

12. Robert thinks that you are a liar.

13. They stayed in that hotel for seven days.

.
14. She has just arrived.
.
15. We have a lot of good friends.

PREPOSITIONS (PREDLOZI)
A. KORISTIMO:

AT za doba dana: at five oclock, at midnight, at lunchtime

ON za dane i datume: on Monday, on Friday, on 16 May 1999, on my birthday, on Christmas Day,
on holiday
IN za mjesece, godine, godinja doba, gradove: in October, in 1988, in the 18th century, in winter, in
summer, in London
AT u sljedeim izrazima: at night, at weekends3, at Christmas, at the moment, at home, at a party, at
work, at the airport, at the door, laugh at someone
IN u sljedeim izrazima: in hospital, in bed, in the world, in office, in the morning, in the afternoon
4
, in love with
you go/come/travel TO: to Italy, to bed, to a concert, to the bank 5
BY u sljedeim izrazima: by car, by bus, by plane 6

B. NOUN + PREPOSITION

C. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
aware

proud/jealous

damage

good/bad

responsible

solution

fed up

sorry

answer

frightened/scared

interested

successful

attitude

familiar

angry sth

impressed

excited/happy/ nervous
/careful

relationship

surprised/shocked

D. VERB + PREPOSITION
accuse

depend

succeed

apologize

rely

think / smo

believe

remind

talk smo
talk sth

blame

prefer sth/sb

ali on weekdays
Ispred last/next/this/every ne koristi se at/in/on: Ill see you next Friday. They got married last March.
5
ali go home, come home, arrive home!
6
ali on foot (pjeke)
3

A. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION IF NECESSARY:

1. Parents should be very careful any information they give their children.
2. I am not afraid spiders.
3. He is accused being a thief.
4. Dont be angry me, please.
5. He was sorry being late.
6. I apologize being late.
7. See you next week, Jerry!
8. I have always been good mathematics but bad English.
9. I dont believe ghosts.
10. She arrives Tokyo five oclock the morning.
11. I was born 15 February 1998.
12. I am very interested football.
13. His answer your question was fair.
14. My attitude that problem is none of your business.
15. She travels work bus but today she is going foot.
16. I think she is home.
17. You should take care your looks.
18. Dont be jealous your sister.
19. Dont blame me being late!
20. I am not familiar English grammar.
21. Dont laugh him, he got confused, big deal!
22. They were punished stealing the money.
23. The relationship them was a gossip.
24. I go England twice a year.
25. Sarah never goes out night or weekends.
26. Can I rely you?
27. Go home, now.