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Nomenclature
Errors in Thread
Major Diameter
Major Diameter
Minor Diameter
Effective Diameter
One-wire method
In this method, one wire is placed between two threads at one side
and on the other side the anvil of the
measuring micrometer contacts the crests. First
the micrometer reading is noted on a standard gauge whose
dimension is nearly same as to be obtained by this method.
Actual measurement over wire on one side and threads on other
side = size of gauge difference in two micrometer readings.
This method is used for measuring effective diameter of counter
pitch threads, and during manufacture of threads.
The difficulty with this method
is that the micrometer axis may
not remain exactly at right angles
to the thread axis.
Pitch Measurement
Pitch
Pitch errors can be considered as departures from
the inclined straight line depicted
Fig. 5a, shows the errors in pitch, round and along, a screw.
The errors are expressed with respect to a datum plane
normal to the axis of the screw.
There is a lengthening of pitch up to say 0.003 mm at
region (a), at region (h) the pitch with respect to the datum
is short by 0.002 mm.
The cumulative error is a shortening of pitch between
positions (a) and (h) of (0.003 + 0.002 mm), i.e. 0.005 mm.
It will be seen also that the extremes of the plot are regions
(i) and (f) between which there is a maximum cumulative
pitch error of 0.0115 mm.
Suppose the upper and lower outlines in Figure of earlier slide represent
respectively a perfect internal screw and an otherwise perfect external screw
but for having a pitch error of p. The two screws just assemble over a length
of n pitches, and are depicted in contact with each other on flanks at only the
first and last threads. The maximum displacement between the two threads,
the pitch error p axially, can be seen as a symmetrical gap of p/2 axially at
each side at the centre thread, and can be expressed equivalently as p/2cot
radially. Thus the external screw which has a simple pitch diameter smaller
than that of the internal screw engages by behaving virtually p2cot larger
diametraly. The numerical values for cot for threads in common use are as
follows.