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CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 Dehydration
3 Sweetening
4 LNG,CNG,LPG
INTRODUCTION
Gas contracts usually contain the following basic considerations:
PROCESSING
Field processing of Natural Gas consists of 4 basic processes
WATER CONTENT
Water and hydrocarbons are natural companions.
Hydrocarbons are formed in a water environment and are in
equilibrium with water at reservoir condition
If both liquid water and hydrocarbons are present in a
system there will be two liquid phases.
The water content of a gas is a function of
- pressure,
- temperature,
- composition, and the
- salt content of the free water.
SEPARATION
Separators are used for separation process at following
locations:
SEPARATION
TYPES OF SEPARATORS
Mainly 3 types of separator
1.
2.
Vertical separator
Horizontal separator
-horizontal single tube
-horizontal double tube
3. Spherical separator
Vertical SEPARATOR
Horizontal SEPARATOR
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Horizontal SEPARATOR
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Horizontal SEPARATOR
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DEHYDRATION
Gas producing of a reservoir contains more water vapor than
oil producing reservoir.
Water vapor is undesirable impurity found in untreated
natural gas.
Reasons for removing of water vapor from natural gas for
long distance transmission include the following:
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DEHYDRATION
The term Dehydration means removal of water
vapor.
Water content of natural gas is indirectly indicated
by Dew Point.
Dew point is defined as the temperature at which
natural gas is saturated with water vapor at a given
pressure.
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QUIZZ 5
Water Vapor Content
of Natural Gas
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HYDRATE FORMATION
HYDRATE FORMATION
The conditions that tend to promote the formation of
natural gas hydrates are:
1. Natural is at below dew point temperature
2. High operating pressures
3. High velocity of gas flow through piping or equipment
4. Presence of H2S or CO2 is conducive to hydrate
formation since these acid gas are more soluble in water than
hydrocarbons
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Gas sweetening
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Gas Sweetening
Hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, mercaptans and
other contaminants are often found in natural gas
streams.
H2S is a highly toxic gas that is corrosive to carbon
steels.
CO2 is also corrosive to equipment and reduces the
Btu value of gas.
Gas
sweetening
processes
remove
these
contaminants so the gas is marketable and suitable
for transportation
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Gas Sweetening
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Gas Sweetening
Processes:
Amine Process
Carbonate Process
Cryogenic Distillation
Membrane Process
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Gas Sweetening
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LNG is simply natural gas that has been cooled to its liquid
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Heating Values
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CNG
COMPRESSED
NATURAL GAS
CNG
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CNG
CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly
composed of methane [CH4]), to less than 1% of the volume it
occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.
It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure
of (29003600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
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LPG
LPG is composed primarily of propane (C3H8) and butane
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LPG
.
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THANK YOU
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