In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Architectural Professional Practice 3

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Proposed Food Terminal and Fish Processing Complex: A
Sustainable Industrial Facility Development for Fish Products in the
Province of Pampanga

SUBMITTED BY:

RONQUILLO, RIAN GAIL S.

RUDA, SHIELA ROSE N.
BSA 5A
SUBMITTED TO:

ARCH. MARIO L. BONITA

October 10, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.

Executive Summary.....

II.

Introduction and Project Background

.
i. Introduction .
ii. Background of the Study .
a. History
.....
b. Root Cause of the Problem
c. Present Condition of the Problem ..
III. Project and Community Context
.
i. Research Methodology
...
ii. Determination of Needs ...
iii. Statement of the Problem
iv. Statement of the Proposal ..
v. Stakeholder Engagement
IV. Precedent Research
.
V. Market Demand Analysis .
i. Survey Analysis

ii. Stakeholder and Community Meetings

VI. Technical Analysis .
i. Site Selection

ii. Building Program .

a.
Design Approach ..
b.
Listing of Major Requirements .
c.
Building Exterior ..
d.
Building Elements .
VII.
Design Analysis
..
i. Design Scheme

VIII.
Conclusion ...
IX. References ...
I. Executive Summary

II.

Introduction and Project Background

This chapter introduces the economic sector of the Philippines, Central Luzon Region
and the province of Pampanga - reviews about the development and strategies with regards
to the national, regional and provincial economy and as well as the performances of the
LGUs were discussed in this part.

i.

Introduction
Philippine economy has likewise been recognized as the 40 largest in the world
according to the recent report of International Monetary Fund Statistics. Not bad for
a small island in the orient sea, Philippines has proven its emerging markets and
takes its way to be one of those industrialized countries of the world which has been
transitioning from being one based on agriculture to one based more on services
and manufacturing.
Philippines is currently one of Asia's fastest growing economies, together with
Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. However, major problems remain, mainly having
to do with alleviating the wide income and growth disparities between the country's
different regions and socioeconomic classes, reducing corruption, and investing in
the infrastructure necessary to ensure future growth. Perhaps, Philippine real GDP
has grown by 5.2 percent per year over the past five years, despite a low investment
rate. Investment productivity, however, has been very good.
As for the economic structure, the service sector accounts for 53.7 percent of
GDP, with industry and agriculture generating 32.1 percent and 14.2 percent,
respectively. But more than one-third of the labor force still depends on agriculture
at very low levels of productivity.
There are lots of reasons for the drastic changes of the Philippine economy.
Aside from human-induced disaster, natural disasters have done so much effect for
the economy of the Philippines all are not good . Given the countrys ongoing
vulnerability to disasters, the key challenge of the reconstruction process will be to
develop and enforce explicit standards for building back better. Disasters
seriously threaten the growth prospects of vulnerable countries like the Philippines
and can result in huge losses and heavier debt burdens. The strategy should identify
standards for safe and resilient buildings and infrastructure, and for risk-informed
land-use planning. During implementation, public participation and consultation,

quality control, strict enforcement, and training will be essential in ensuring that
prescribed standards are not compromised.
Our project proposal, Proposed Food Terminal and Fish Processing
Complex, having a disaster risk reduction planning techniques, can withstand the
ever-changing economy of the Philippines by adapting to the needs of the
consumers and as well as satisfying the environmental impact to the surroundings
with its physical structure and activities. In this case, this project can contribute to
the economic growth of our country and to the lives of the people who works for the
complex and to the ones who consumes our products.
ii.

Background of the Study

In this section, the problem in the subsector is being identified. Here stated are the
problems history and root causes of the said problem. Also, the present situation of the
subsector regarding the problem is being discussed in this chapter.

1. History
Agriculture plays a vital role in economic sustainability and development. It
contributes to the countrys gross national product and provides income and
livelihood to millions of farmers and fisher folks and their dependents. It likewise
enables traders, processors, retailers, and other groups to make a living.
In 2010, agriculture contributed PhP258.1 billion to the countrys gross
domestic product, slightly down by 0.5 percent or PhP1.3 billion less than in
2009. In 2011, the agriculture sector recovered from a dismal performance due to
favorable weather condition. All sub-sectors in agriculture, except crops, posted
production increases.
During the first quarter of 2014, total Fisheries production posted a
negative growth of 3.25 percent. Commercial fisheries registered a 3.43 percent
production shortfall. The sector has yet to recover from the devastating effects of
typhoon ''Yolanda'' to the fishing industry. Catch of several species showed
reduced output, compared with same quarter last year. Municipal fisheries posted
a 5.64 percent negative growth during the first quarter of 2014. Decreasing
volume of catch from marine waters by municipal fishermen was evident for the
past three years. Aquaculture production was 1.58 percent lower compared with
same quarter last year. Milkfish, tilapia, tiger prawn, seaweed and mudcrab, the
top five species of the sector, came down with production decreases this quarter.

These species accounted for 96.74 percent of the total aquaculture production.
Aquaculture contributed more than half or 51.24 percent to the total fisheries
output.
In 2002, Central Luzon registered 341.5 thousand farms for agriculture
use, covering 552.1 thousand hectares. The region's total agricultural land area
comprised 25.6 percent of the region's total land area. Compared with 1991, the
number of farms decreased by 2.7 percent from 350.8 thousand farms. Likewise,
the total area decreased by 12.7 percent from 632.5 thousand hectares. As a
result, the average farm size slightly decreased from 1.8 hectares per farm in
1991 to 1.6 hectares per farm in 2002.
In 2011, aquaculture production in Central Luzon decreased by 3.37
percent due to typhoons that hit the region. Climate change and other
phenomena also affected its production. Fish production in the region is unable
to meet the increasing demand of fish products and size requirements of hotels
and restaurants.
Philippine fisheries are threatened and need management. While vast
benefits are gained from fisheries, their integrity is threatened because of many
decades of poor management. Fisheries contribute significantly to income,
employment, foreign exchange earnings, and nutrition and thus the security of
the country. However, these benefits are continuously being dissipated due to
declining fish catch, habitat degradation, climate change and increasing numbers
of people dependent on the resource.
2. Root Cause of the Problem
The decline in agriculture and fishery sector may be caused by many
complex problems.
Generally, the decrease in the number of agricultural farms could be
attributed to the increasing population in the region at an annual growth rate of
3.2 percent. Agricultural lands could have been converted to residential or
commercial lands to cope up with population growth especially in highly
urbanized areas like Angeles City and Olongapo City.
Climate change effects and other natural occurrences also contribute to
the cause of the problem. This has been even worse because of improper and
poor management of the resources.

Lack of new technology in the fish processing also contributes to the

problem. Because of this deficiency in technology, fish production in the region is
affected. Fish products are unable to meet the size requirements for commercial
businesses such as restaurants and hotels. Lack of technology for resiliency in
natural disasters and in controlling water pollution also causes the decline in the
fish industry.
Only a balanced and focused management approach for all resources,
including fisheries, can achieve food and environmental security and poverty
alleviation. Fisheries management must start with the people who affect the
condition and use of these resources. Such management must be integrated and
have clear objectives to be effective.
3. Present Condition
The Philippines department of agriculture (DA) has said that the countrys
farm sector will grow at three percent this year due to sustained good
performance in the livestock, poultry and fisheries sector.
Proceso Alcala, DA secretary, said that the fisheries subsector is expected
to be one of the best performing agriculture subsectors this year with the
extended access given to the Philippines to tuna-rich Pocket 1 of the Pacific
Ocean by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and
the sustained export of Vannamei shrimp.
The fisheries sub-sector recovered from negative growth in 2012, with
production expanding 1.23 per cent in 2013. At current prices, the sub-sector
grossed over US$5bn, up 2.78 per cent year-on-year.
The industry is currently preparing the Comprehensive National Fisheries
Industry Development Plan (CNFIDP) and in almost all consultations there have
been agitation for increased partnership among government, business sector and
civil society to pursue sustainable and competitive fisheries for the country.
III.

Project and Community Context

The scope and setting, decision processes and methods used in gathering information
and stakeholders to incorporate sustainability in this proposal is being discussed. The
statement of the problem and proposal is being discussed. In addition, present and
projected needs are shown to the following sections.

i.

Research Methodology

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of agriculture sector specifically the
fishery sector in Central Luzon in order to arrive on a possible solution to the problems
identified. In order to do this a research methodology has been conducted.
This chapter deals with the research process used in the study which is the Qualitative
Research Method. Under this, the instruments used by the researchers include unstructured
interviews, analysis of written documents, internet surfing and observations. The techniques
used for this method as well as the data gathering tools and analytical tools used will be
further explained in this chapter.

1.

Gathering of Data
The researchers have used the Qualitative Research Method wherein they
utilized instruments such as unstructured interviews, analysis of written
documents, internet surfing and observations to gain an understanding of the
situation of the subsector addressed, to determine the problems faced by the
fishery sector in Central Luzon and to determine the need for development of
fishing industries, and to know the underlying reasons behind these problems
and needs. With this approach, the emphasis is more on generating hypothesis
from the data collection rather than testing a hypothesis.
Unstructured interview is a less formal type of interview in which although
sets of questions may be used, the interviewers freely modifies the sequence of
questions, changes the wording and sometimes explains them or adds to them
during the interaction. The atmosphere is often casual. This is conducted in what
is characterized as an opened situation because there is more flexibility and
freedom in the interaction. The researchers conducted this interview to few
individuals from the Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (DA-BFAR) who have the authority in giving pertinent information
relating to the study.
Analysis of written documents gathered from books, journals, and from
internet surfing are necessary to be examined in the research study. Official
documents, statistics and other pertinent records needed for the study were
gathered from different offices related to the sector. Also, nearly all of the data
gathered by the researchers are through internet surfing, from different sources
and websites which provide reliable information that will aid in the study.
Observation is one of the very important methods for obtaining
comprehensive data in qualitative research especially when a composite of both

oral and visual data become vital to the researchers. By the use of this strategy
the researchers are able to obtain first hand information about the problem being
studied.
Through the use of this research instruments, the researchers are able to
obtain the needed data regarding the study that will be the basis of the planning
process in order to come up with a design aiming to help solve the problems
faced in the agriculture and fishery sector, boosting the economic growth of the
2.

Central Luzon.
Analysis of Gathered Data
In this chapter the method for data analysis is presented. The purpose of
the data analysis is to transform the data collected into credible evidence about
the subject being studied. This process usually includes organizing the gathered
data for analysis (data preparation), describing the data and interpreting them
(assessing the findings).
Where qualitative data have been collected, interpretation is more difficult
compared to quantitative data. Here, it is important that the researchers grouped
similar reports into categories and identified the common patterns that can help
them derive meaning and understanding about the subject. This is particularly
important when trying to assess outcomes. The data were collected and then
processed in response to the problems identified.
The data analysis consists examining the researches for accuracy and
completeness. Also,

it

consists

performing

an

analysis

of

descriptive

understanding of the researchers to the pertinent data that they have gathered.
The gathered data from literary sources and internet researches were
considered necessary in the analysis especially those which are relating to the
subsector addressed. The data gathered that are too broad and out of the
sectors concern are discarded from the analysis. Design standards, maps,
graphs, tables and descriptive statistics were sorted out to display the information
needed for the understanding of the study.
3.

Preparation of the Analytical Tools

The analytical tools used in conducting the proposed study are maps,
graphs, tables, IPO (input-process-output) Model, and other descriptive

information sorted out from all the data that have gathered. With the use of these
analytical tools, the researchers were able to show general to specific information
and data which are much needed in the study in order to be precise and correct
in the analysis.
The tools mentioned will be shown on the succeeding chapter.
4.

Activity Study of the Sector

Data for actual observation and performance of the subsector is being
discussed in the activity study as part of the inputs.
As this proposal focuses on the Agriculture-Fishery sector, corresponding
activities for this must be identified. Within the subsector, there are lots of
activities from which the researchers must provide in their proposal. These
activities are those that will be housed in the proposed project.
Initially, data gathering from different references such as the socioeconomic

profile

management,

of

the

agricultural

province,
profile

of

demographic
the

region

profile,

environmental

addressed,

agriculture

performance, maps of the province, and major design requirements, guidelines

and standards, and other pertinent documents, are conformed. Map of the
existing facilities, as one of the needed data in determining the proper and
possible location for the project, is also constructed.
These data are discussed according to location, land utilization, facilities,
activities

pattern,

production

processes,

environmental

considerations,

environmental hazards, employment, transportation and traffic.

This information is then evaluated, analyzed and summarized to comply
with the needed data.
5.

Data Processing using Planning Parameters

It is very important, before starting a work on a project, to know exactly the
scope of the project. The more needed data provided, the smoother the project
research will run. Through this, a more detailed study will be accomplished.
The gathered data are processed using planning parameters such as the
design requirements for the proposed project. Also, design standards, guidelines,

and ordinances are accounted. In these planning parameters, standards from

government agencies such as the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
(HLURB) will be used as criteria in the computations of areas for development.
6.

Output of the Study

The outputs of this proposal entitled Proposed Food Terminal and Fish
Processing Complex: A Sustainable Commercial Facility Development for Fish
Products in the Province of Pampanga, are as follows:

This study will be going to benefit the government and non-government

institutions, and will serve as a reference or guide for students,

researchers, planners and future developers.

The proposal will be going to contribute to the economic sector in relation with
the development of fish products in Central Luzon.
ii.

Determination of Needs
In this chapter, planning parameters, sectoral analysis, present and projected needs is
discussed. Existing facilities and structures in the country related to the proposal was
studied to serve as samples and guides. Through this data and information gathered, the
researchers were able to determine the needs of the proposed site for such project that will
be suitable in their locality and will help in their economic growth.

1. Planning Parameters Formulas

AGRICULTURAL LAND

COMMERCIAL LAND

2. Sectoral Analysis
These are the computations of the Standard Requirement Area, Existing
Area, Present Needs, and Projected Future Needs of both Agricultural and
Commercial Land types from the given Standard Planning Formulas.
Determination of Projected Population
Using the 2010 population of the City of San Fernando of 285,912 with an
annual growth rate of 2.21%, below are the projected populations of the city
from 2011 to 2020.
a. 285,912 x 0.0221 = 6318.7
285,912 + 6318.7 = 292,231
b. 292,231 x 0.0221 = 6458.3
292,231 + 6458.3 = 298,689
c. 298,689 x 0.0221 = 6601
298,689 + 6601= 305,290
d. 305,290 x 0.0221 = 6747
305,290 + 6747= 312,037
e. 312,037 x 0.0221 = 6896
312,037 + 6896 = 318,933
f. 318,933 x 0.0221 = 7048
318,933 + 7048 = 325,981
g. 325,981 x 0.0221 = 7204
325,981 + 7204= 333,185

h. 333,185 x 0.0221 =7363

333,185 + 7363 = 340,548
i. 340,548 x 0.0221 = 7526
340,548 + 7526 = 348,074
j. 348,074 x 0.0221 = 7692
348,074 + 7692 = 355,766

PROJECTED POPULATION OF SAN FERNANDO CITY,

PAMPANGA
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020

292,231
298,689
305,290
312,037
318,933
325,981
333,185
340,548
348,074
355,766

o AGRICULTURAL LAND
HLURB Standard ratio for agricultural land type: 6 hectares per 1000
population
Population of San Fernando City (2013): 305,290
Computations:

305,290

Standard Requirement for Agricultural Area = 1832 hectares

Existing Agricultural Area = 38 hectares

Present Needs = 1794 hectares

o COMMERCIAL LAND
HLURB Standard ratio for agricultural land type: 0.1 hectares per 1000
population
Population of San Fernando City (2013): 305,290
Computations:

305,290

Standard Requirement for Commercial Area = 31 hectares

Existing Commercial Area = 6.3 hectares

Present Needs = 25 hectares

3. Projected Needs
The projected population of the City of San Fernando by the year 2020
accounted to be 355,766. Using this, the projected need of the city for
Agricultural and Commercial area are computed below.
AGRICULTURAL LAND

Projected Needs = 3929 hectares

COMMERCIAL LAND

Projected Needs = 61 hectares

From the computation, the projected need for Agricultural land in the
city resulted to be 3929 hectares and for the Commercial land, 61 hectares.
The total projected area needed for both agricultural and commercial
purposes by the year 2020 is 3990 hectares.
iii.

Statement of the Problem

As a result of the research undertaken, there is a need to develop a commercial area

and processing for fish products to cater the needs of the region. This chapter includes the
area to be developed, the beneficiaries of the proposed project, the Vision of the LGU to be
followed by the proponent/developer of the proposal and the determination of needs of the
city/project area to be developed.

1. Area of Development
San Fernando, Pampanga - remains the country's top producer of tilapia
and sugpo (prawn) and it is number two in mudcrab production, and has total
land area of 6,774 hectares per the Land Management Bureau (LMB). In inland
resources, the major aquaculture species caught are tilapia, milkfish, mudcrab,
shrimp (P. vannamei and P. monodon), catfish and mudfish.
The province has 3,729 hectares of aqua farms manned by 3,685
fishpond operators for fresh water. For brackish water, Pampanga has 1,634
hectares with 1,609 fishpond operators.
On the other hand, based on the computation for the area of development
for the project proposal, the projected need for Agricultural land in the city
resulted to be 3929 hectares and for the Commercial land, 61 hectares. The
total projected area needed for both agricultural and commercial purposes by the
year 2020 is 3990 hectares.
Major Beneficiaries
Fish Brokers / Consignations
Fish Processors / Exporters
Other Fish Vendors /Traders and Viajeros
Industrial Users as Inventors
3. Vision of the LGU
Department of Agriculture (DA)
A modernized smallholder agriculture and fisheries; a diversified rural
2.

economy that is dynamic, technologically advanced and internationally

competitive. Its transformation is guided by the sound practices of resource
sustainability, the principles of social justice, and strong private sector
participation.
4. Development Needs
Sustainable and more productive use of natural resources to promote

investments and entrepreneurship;

Promotion of responsible extractive industries;
Strengthening the protection of ecologically fragile areas like watersheds;

iv.

Creation of a healthier environment for the population;

Mitigation of the occurrence of natural disasters.

Statement of the Proposal

As a major contributor to the economic growth, the province of Pampanga is
looking forward to some strategies that will uplift its status as a fishing ground and
will answer the need of the province, as well as the entire region, in terms of the
fishery sector.
The Proposed Food Terminal and Fish Processing Complex, as an integrated
Agricultural-Industrial structure, aims to answer the sub-sectors need for the
province and the region. Though agriculture is the main contributor to the Central
Luzons economy, the agricultural performance of the region specifically the fishery
sector still needs to be strengthened and improved in order to cope with the existing
and projected needs. Thus, this proposed project will play a vital role in
strengthening and improving the sub-sectors performance, with the aid of industrial
and commercial processes. In order to do this, sufficient farm-to-market roads, postharvest facilities and storage facilities for fishery sector must be provided and
maintained in the region. Having fish processing facilities with improved science and
technology will aid in the processed fish production and innovation uplifting the
regions fishery status and providing the region with higher economic performance.
Trading of these products will be much easier by providing a food terminal, offering
the harvested and processed fish products in the market. Through this project there
will have a steady and sufficient supply of fish and fish products at reasonable
prices. Also, this will open business opportunities for interested investors.

v.

Stakeholder Engagement
In this section, the following stakeholders that are engage in to the proposal are
identified and discussed.

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) - provides

technical assistance and advisory services on aquaculture and inland
water management, in engaging the establishment for fish hatcheries and
pilot demonstration farms and of giving particular guidelines for the Code
of Practice for Aquaculture. BFAR supplies provision of standards,
monitoring and coordination of aquaculture activities with different

organizations such as NACA, evaluates inland services of lakes, rivers,

marshes and reservoir for development and management and provide

extension services of freshwater aquaculture.

Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) - was created by Republic Act 3720
mandated to enforce and administer the law, " it is the policy of the state to
ensure safe and good quality food, drug and cosmetics and regulate the
production, sale and traffic of the same to protect the health of the
consumer". BFAD is carrying out its regulatory functions and has been in
coordination with the food processors. Among the activities that BFAD
undertake to assist the food processors are as follows: establish
partnership with other government agencies to help food processor meet
international market requirements and develop/update standard in line
with Codex and provide information relevant to regulatory requirements

both local and international.

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) - is the executive department of
the Philippine Government tasked to expand Philippine trade, industries
and investments as the means to generate jobs and raise incomes for
Filipinos. It acts as catalyst for intensified private sector activity in order to
accelerate and sustain economic growth through comprehensive industrial
growth strategy, progressive and socially responsible trade liberalization
and deregulation programs and policymaking designed for the expansion

and diversification of Philippine trade - both domestic and foreign.

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources
Research and Development (PCAARRD) - PCAARRD will act toward
achieving food security and reducing poverty. Specifically, it will provide
the appropriate S&T solutions and services to increase productivity and
raise the competitiveness of products and industries. It will harness novel
solutions for natural resource management towards developing climateresilient

communities,

biodiversity

conservation,

and

soil

and

water/watershed protection. It will also seek clean energy sources;

develop means to adapt and mitigate climate change impacts, and ensure
that S&T innovation support is given to protect and manage the

agriculture, aquatic, and natural resources (AANR) sectors. And

PCAARRD will manage the National Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural
Resources Research and Development System (NAARRDS) through
implementation of the banner programs. These mechanisms will meet the
needs for greater capability, increased funding, and developing IEC and
ICT support for R&D and R&D results utilization.
IV.
V.
i.
ii.
VI.
i.
ii.

VII.
i.
VIII.
IX.

Precedent Research
Market Demand Analysis
Survey Analysis
Stakeholder and Community Meetings
Technical Analysis
Site Selection
Building Program
a. Design Approach
b. Listing of Major Requirements
c. Building Exterior
d. Building Elements
Design Analysis
Design Scheme
Conclusion
References