MANDELBROT

&
JULIA SETS

PRESENTED BY:
JONATHAN ROSS
JACOB MAUCK

CMDA 3605
MATTHIAS CHUNG

SIMPLY COMPLEX
zn+1 = zn2 + c
Mandelbrot and Julia sets are complex iterations of z2 + c with c
remaining a fixed constant
Mandelbrot sets: iterate with z0 = 0

For Julia sets: z0 varies

- The starting value of z not only determines the limit but how fast it
approaches it
Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

GASTON JULIA
February 3, 1893 March 19, 1978
Born in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
While serving as a conscript in the French Army during WWI,
he sustained an injury that resulted in the loss of his nose
His first article on the iteration of rational functions was published in
1918 and was widely celebrated within the mathematical community
He received the Grand Prix of the Academy of Sciences award for his
work
Although his work was widely celebrated, it went largely overlooked
until the discovery of Mandelbrot Sets
Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

BENOIT MANDELBROT

November 20, 1924 October 14, 2010

Born in Warsaw, Poland and emigrated to France in 1936
Studied under Gaston Julia at cole Polytechnique from 1945-1947
Employed by IBM in 1958, he remained for 35 years and was one of the first to
use computer graphics to create fractal images.
In 1975 he coined the term fractal as a means to describe repeating or selfsimilar mathematical patterns.
In 1979 IBM gave him the task of solving signal interferences occurring during
computer data transfers over phone lines
The Mandelbrot Sets were the result of his research
A cloud is made of billows upon billows upon billows that look like clouds. As you come
closer to a cloud you don't get something smooth, but irregularities at a smaller scale.
-Benoit Mandelbrot

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

FIXED-POINT BOUNDARIES

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

ATTRACTIVE, REPELLING & INDIFFERENT POINTS

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

THE MAIN CARDIOID

The boundary between attractive fixed points and repelling fixed
points is the set of indifferent fixed points and is represented by:

|( )(z2 + c)| = |2z| = 1

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

COMBINATORICS PRINCIPLE SERIES

Each n-cycle is represented by a disc around the main cardiod
Upper principle series these are located above the top half of the
main cardioid
Lower principle series these are located below the bottom half of
the main cardioid
Each cycle is represented by
a number (2, 3, 4)

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

Jonathan Ross
Jacob Mauck

CMDA 3605
Matthias Chung

Jonathan Ross Jacob Mauck CMDA 3605 Matthias Chung