Works Cited

Behbehani, Abbas M. "The Smallpox Story: Life and Death of an Old Disease." Microbiological
Reviews 47.4 (1983): 455-509. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. Web. 24
Jan. 2015. <http://mmbr.asm.org/content/47/4/455.long>. This journal gave us a lot of
information on how many people smallpox killed.
"Berkeley Map." Map. Olde Maps. Olde Maps, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.oldemaps.co.uk/berkeley-map.htm>. The map helped show us where
Edward Jenner was born, and where he did some of his research. The map is not a
modern map, it was a type of map you would find during Edward Jenner's time.
"Cowpox." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, 2 Aug. 2010. Web. 14 Dec.
2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/141309/cowpox>. This page taught
us about the cowpox virus and its effects. It helped us understand that cowpox was a lot
less deadly than smallpox, which made Jenner's vaccine safer.
Cruikshank, Issac. "Vaccination against Smallpox." Invigorate. Royal Society, n.d. Web. 6 Jan.
2015. <http://invigorate.royalsociety.org/ks3/invisible-defence/revolutionary-ideas.aspx>.
This page provided us with a background of smallpox. It also told us how people used to
try to become immune to smallpox.
Dock, George. "The Works of Edward Jenner and Their Value in the Modern Study of
Smallpox." New York Medical Journal. N.p.: n.p., 1902. 1-45. Works of Edward Jenner.
Web. 8 Dec. 2014.
<https://archive.org/stream/39002086340206.med.yale.edu#page/2/mode/2up>. This
book helped us understand the importance of Edward Jenner's works. It also told us how
Jenner's vaccine affected other people.

"The Doctor Who Discovered Vaccines." Yale Medical Group. Yale School of Medicine, 26 July
2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. <http://www.yalemedicalgroup.org/info/health.aspx?
ContentTypeId=1&ContentId=1061>. This article gave us information about Edward
Jenner. It included things like when he was born, when he first tested his vaccine, when
he published his studies, and when he died.
Dupre, Julien. "A Milk Maid with Cows and Sheep." Life as a Human. Life as a Human, 19 Apr.
2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. <http://lifeasahuman.com/2011/feature/medical-tales-of-smalpox-milk-maids-kilts-and-salt/>. We used this picture for our timeline. It was used for the
part of when Jenner noticed how milkmaids were immune to smallpox.
"Edward Jenner." British Broadcasting Corporation. BBC, 1 Feb. 2002. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jenner_edward.shtml>. This article gave
us a lot of information about Edward Jenner and his vaccine, but also told us about the
opposition.
"Edward Jenner." Famous Scientists. Famous Scientists, 2 Sept. 2010. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.famousscientists.org/edward-anthony-jenner/>. This article told us how
Jenner noticed that milkmaids were immune to smallpox.
"Edward Jenner." NNDB. Soylent Communications, 1 Apr. 2002. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.nndb.com/people/603/000091330/>. This article gave us information about
exactly what day he died, why he died, and how much he was paid for his discovery.
"Edward Jenner." Zephyrus. Marilyn J Parkin, 1 Feb. 2001. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/edwardjenner.html>. This article told us that Jenner's
gardener actually agreed to let him test the vaccine on his son, rather than giving him no
choice, which is what we originally thought.

Gillray, James. "The Cow Pock." U.S. National Library of Medicine. NLM, 14 Jan. 2005. Web. 5
Jan. 2015. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox/sp_vaccination.html>. The
cartoon shown on the website was against Jenner's vaccine, so we used that to explain
why some people were opposed to the vaccine.
Harris, D. Fraser. "Edward Jenner and Vaccination." The Scientific Monthly. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 6685. Edward Jenner and Vaccination. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. <https://archive.org/stream/jstor6245/6245#page/n7/mode/2up>. The table on page 82 showed us that deaths from
smallpox rapidly decreased after 1880.
Jefferson, Thomas. "Quotes about Smallpox." Quotes about Smallpox. Stanford University, 19
Feb. 1999. Web. 6 Jan. 2015. <http://virus.stanford.edu/pox/quotes.html>. This website
had many quotes about smallpox. We used Thomas Jefferson's on our Legacy page.
Jenner, Edward. "I. An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variol Vaccin, or Cow-Pox.
1798." The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox. (1798): n. pag.
Edward Jenner (17491823). The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against
Smallpox. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.bartleby.com/38/4/1.html>. This document
was Jenner's first publication, in 1798.
- - -. "II. Further Observations on the Variol Vaccin, or Cow-Pox. 1799." The Three Original
Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox. (1799): n. pag. Edward Jenner (1749
1823). The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox. Web. 14 Dec.
2014. <http://www.bartleby.com/38/4/2.html>. This was Jenner's second publication, in
1799.
- - -. "III. A Continuation of Facts and Observations Relative to the Variol Vaccin, or CowPox. 1800." The Three Original Publications on Vaccination Against Smallpox. (1800): n.

pag. Edward Jenner (17491823). The Three Original Publications on Vaccination

Against Smallpox. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.bartleby.com/38/4/3.html>. This was
Jenner's third and final publication, in 1800.
"Jenner Tests Smallpox Vaccine." History. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jenner-tests-smallpox-vaccine>. The website
told us exactly what day and year the smallpox vaccine was tested, and when it was
verified to be successful. It also told us who Jenner tested the vaccine on, and how his
legacy affected future generations.
"Jenner ---- Timelines ---- History of Vaccines." The History of Vaccines. College of Physicians
of Philidelphia, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/jenner>. This timeline helped us get
some dates for our timeline. We also used the first picture for Jenner's birthplace.
"Napoleon's Army." Three Venerable Members of the Gray-Beard Regiment. N.p., 23 Oct. 2009.
Web. 24 Jan. 2015. <https://yesteryearsnews.wordpress.com/2009/10/23/three-venerablemembers-of-the-gray-beard-regiment/>. We used this picture in our timeline. It was used
for 1805 when Napoleon had the entire French army vaccinated.
Photo of a man lying in a bed with smallpox. Smallpox. UNC, 1 Mar. 2003. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1696>. The picture helps us show
how dangerous smallpox was during that time. The picture was originally used as a
warning to people who haven't been vaccinated. It was taken by the New York State
Department of health.
"Plaque to Dr Edward Jenner." Statue of Dr Edward Jenner near the Italian Fountains,
Kensington Gardens. N.p., 18 Aug. 2001. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.

<http://lachlan.bluehaze.com.au/london2001/august2001/18aug2001c/index.html>. We
used this picture in our timeline. It was used for the year that Jenner passed away.
Powell, Alvin. "The Beginning of the End of Smallpox." The Harvard University Gazette.
Harvard University, 20 May 1999. Web. 7 Nov. 2014.
<http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1999/05.20/waterhouse.html>. This article gave us
information about how the smallpox vaccine affected America.
"Smallpox." World Health Orginazation. WHO, 1 Feb. 2002. Web. 7 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/>. This article gave us a brief overview of
what smallpox was, and where/when the last natural case of smallpox occurred.
"Smallpox-The Speckled Monster." Vaccination. Dr.Jenner's House, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jennermuseum.com/vaccination.html>. This website had a lot of
information that was straight to the point. We also got many pictures from that site.
Snowden, Frank. "Lecture 7 - Smallpox (II): Jenner, Vaccination, and Eradication." Open Yale
Courses. Yale University, 3 Feb. 2010. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-234/lecture-7#transcript>. This website has a lecture by
Professor Frank Snowden about how Jenner created the vaccination. There are also links
to other lectures about vaccinations and smallpox.
Uknown Artist. Edward Jenner. N.d. Wellcome Library. Edward Jenner (1749-1823). Web. 6
Nov. 2014. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/edward-jenner17491823-126821>. The portrait showed us what Edward Jenner most likely looked like.
This painting is a part of the Wellcome Library. The artist is unknown.
"United Kingdom." Maskins Lab. Maskins Lab, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.maskins.com/ita/Artworks/Artists/Maskins-Lab/United-Kingdom>. We used

this picture in our timeline. It was used for 1853 when vaccination became mandatory for
everyone in the UK.
Unknown. "St. George's Hospital." Look and Learn. N.p., 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M845562/St-Georges-Hospital>. We used
this picture in our timeline for 1770, when Jenner became a student at St. George's
Hospital.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. "London Death Rates per Million Living." Chart. Vaccination a
Delusion. By Wallace. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LIMD, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.whale.to/vaccine/wallace/comp.html#%C2%A0VACCINATION%20AND
%20SMALL-POX%20%28CHAPTER%201%29%C2%A0>. The charts and graphs
throughout the book helped us get an idea of how many people died from smallpox
before and after the vaccine.
Wallington, Tim. "The life and legacy of Dr Edward Jenner FRS, pioneer of vaccination."
Gresham College. Gresham College, 21 Sept. 2011. Web. 2 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-life-and-legacy-of-dr-edward-jennerfrs-pioneer-of-vaccination>. This website has a video of a lecture by Dr. Tim Wallington,
about 53 minutes long. It also contains a transcript of the entire lecture and a brief
overview. The lecture is very useful to help us understand the legacy of Edward Jenner.
"World Health Orginization." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/user/who>. We used this picture in our timeline. The profile
picture of the WHO youtube channel was used for 1980, when the WHO officially
announced the eradication of smallpox.